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Jetevolu)onandenergydissipa)oninbinaries
ManelPeruchoDAA/OAUV
UniversitatdeValència
VGGRSV,Barcelona,September2019
Jets
M87credit:CiriacoGoddi
Jets
Bosch-Ramon,Perucho&Bordas,2011Bosch-Ramon&Barkov2016Molina&Bosch-Ramon2018
Gamma-raysfromjets:AGNversusμ-quasarsAGN
• Atthejetbase/forma)onregion:– SSC–EC(Poutanen,Ghisellini…)
• Accre)ondisc+BLR• Synchrotronphotons
– magne)cfieldreconnec)on(Giannios,Nalewajko,…)
• Atpc-scales– jet-starinterac)on(Barkov,
Khangulyan,Bosch-Ramon,…)– recollima)onshocks(shock-shock
interac)on,Marscher,Gómez,Agudo…)
• Hintsofshocksclosetotheradiocores.
• Diffuseemission– turbulent/shearpar)cleaccelera)on
(Rieger,Stawarz,…)• growinginstabili)es,entrainment.
μ-quasars• Atthejetbase/forma)onregion:
– SSC–EC• Disc+Star(e.g.,Malyshevetal.‘13,
Zaninetal.‘16,CygnusX-1;Zdziarskietal.’18,CygnusX-3,Khangulyanetal.‘18)
• Synchrotronphotons(e.g.,Zdziarskietal.‘17,CygnusX-1)
– magne)cfieldreconnec)on(?)• Atcompact-scales
– jet-clumpinterac)on• Inhomogeneouswindsinmassive
stars.(e.g.,Perucho&Bosch-Ramon‘12,delaCitaetal.’17).
– recollima)onshocks(shock-shockinterac)on)
• Numericalsimula)ons(Peruchoetal.‘10,Yoonetal.‘16).
• Diffuseemission– turbulent/shearpar)cleaccelera)on
• growinginstabili)es,entrainment.
Wind-jetinterac)oninmassiveX-raybinaries
Rorb~21012cm
61010cm~0.004AU
21012cm~0.13AU
windfromthestar
61011cm~0.04AU
y
xz
Image:NASA/ESA
Simula6onsofjetsinhigh-massmicroquasars
WIND JET 1 JET 2
Power (erg/s) 1035 1037
Velocity (cm/s) 2 108 1.7 1010 1.7 1010
Density (g·cm-3) 2.8 10-15 0.088 ρw 8.8 ρw
Temperature (K) 104 1010 1010
Mach number 220 16.6 16.6
Pressure (dyn·cm-2) 1.5 10-3 7.1 7.1 103
Simula)onsofwind-jetinterac)oninX-raybinaries
Perucho,Bosch-Ramon&Khangulyan(2010)Perucho&Bosch-Ramon(2008)
• Hydrodynamic-coldflow–par)cledominated.
• reasonableatcertaindistancestothecompactobject(B║αr-2)andtakingdissipa)onintoaccount.Excep)ngatstrongshocks.
• Tj<<mpc2/kB• StellarwindfromamassiveO-typestar(dM/dt=10-6Msunyr-1).
• con)nuousinthesimula)on)me-scales(100-1000s).• compactobjectatthesameorbitalposi)onduringthesimula)on)me-scales
(100-1000svsT>100,000s).• homogeneous(constantdensityuptoRorb).
Perucho,Bosch-Ramon&Khangulyan2010
Jet1 t=977s
Simula)onsofjetsinhigh-massmicroquasars
Perucho,Bosch-Ramon&Khangulyan2010
Jet2 t=192s
Simula)onsofjetsinhigh-massmicroquasars
Lorentzfactor
cold
cold
hot
Peruchoetal.2005,2010:KHinstability.Thedisrup)onprocesscanbeslowifthegrowingmodeshavesmallwavelengths.
Instabili)es
Matsumoto&Masada2013Matsumoto,Aloy,Perucho2017
1:jet2:ambientmedium
Gourgouliatos&Komissarov2018a,b
Simula)onsofjetsinhigh-massmicroquasarsInhomogeneouswind.Pj=31036erg/s Inhomogeneouswind.Pj=1037erg/s
Perucho,Bosch-Ramon&Barkov(A&A,2017)
Long-termevolu)onBordas,Bosch-Ramon,Paredes,Perucho2009.Bosch-Ramon,Perucho,Bordas2011.
Evolu)on:AGNversusμ-quasarsAGN• BLR–NLR(sub-pc–1kpc)
• ISM–IGMpressuregradient(1kpc–100kpc)
• FairlyhomogeneousIGM(>50-100kpc)
μ-quasars• (Inhomogeneous?)wind
(1010-1018cm)
• Shockedwind/Supernovaremnant/ISM(1018-1019cm)
• ISM(>1019cm)
Evolu)on:AGNversusμ-quasarsAGN• BLR–NLR(sub-pc–1kpc)
– Mass-loadanddissipa)on:• Interac)onswithcloudsandstars.
• Instabili)es.• Recollima)onshocks.
– Fastvariability• Compactregionsorsmall-scaleinterac)ons.
– FRI/FRIIdichotomystartsat100pc–1kpc.
μ-quasars• (Inhomogeneous?)wind
(1010-1018cm)– Mass-loadanddissipa)on:
• Interac)onswiththewindandclumps(≤1013cm).
• Instabili)es.• Recollima)onshocks.• Coriolis.• Expansion(reaccelera)on?)
– Fastvariability• Compactregionsorsmall-
scaleinterac)ons.
– ArethereanyFRIμ-quasars?
• Therearestronginterac)onsintheevolu)onofjetsinmassivebinaries:– Recollima)onshockswithinthecocoon,butalsowithinthewindregion.
Theseshocksaregeneratedinthebinaryregionif(seePerucho&Bosch-Ramon2008):
• Thesestrongshocksarecandidateloca)onsforpar)cleaccelera)onandhigh-energyemission.– gamma-raysproducedatsuchheightabovetheorbitalplanemaysuffer
lessabsorp)onbyinterac)onwithstellarphotons.
• Instabili)esdevelopintheouterlayersandpropagatetothewholejet(intheformofsurfaceorfirstbodyhelicalmodes)azerthestrongrecollima)onshock:Thiscandestroythejetandgenerateturbulentregions.
Jet-cocooninterac)on Jet-windinterac)on
Fulfilledforsupersonic,mildlyrela)vis)cjets.
Evolu)on:μ-quasars
Evolu)on:AGNversusμ-quasarsAGN• ISM–IGMpressuregradient.
– FRIIs:Recollima)onshocks.– FRIs:turbulentmixing,strongly
decelerated.
• FairlyhomogeneousIGM(>50-100kpc).– Hot-spot+bow-shock.– Turbulentmixingand
dissipa)on.– Gamma-raysfromlobes(no
shortvariability)
μ-quasars• Shockedwind/Supernova
remnant/ISM– Jetcollima)onby
overpressured,shockedexternalgas.
• Collima)onshocks.
• ISM(>1018-1019cm).– Hot-spot+bow-shock.– Arethereanylarge-scaleFRI
μ-quasars?
• Onlypowerfuljets(Pj>1037erg/s)inmassivebinariesmaybeabletopropagatecollimatedoutofthebinaryregion.
• Bowshocksandreverseshocksatjet/ISMinterac)oncanacceleratepar)clestoVHE(e.g.,Bordasetal.‘09).
• Frustratedjetsmaynotbeobservedinradioatlargedistances,buts)llbegamma-raybrightduetostrongdissipa)on(FRIμ-quasars?).
• Theluminosityfunc)onderivedbyGrimmetal(2003)predicts3HMXBswithLX=1035erg/s.– FollowingFenderetal.(2005),inHMXBwitha10Msunblackhole,thejetcould
haveakine)cpowerbetween1035and1038erg/s.– Wededucethatthereisroomforafew(~10)FRIμ-quasarsfromHMXBs,with
LX≤1035erg/s,inourGalaxy.
Evolu)on:μ-quasars
Summary• Gamma-rayscanbeproducedinawiderangeofscalesandscenariosinmicroquasarjets.– Fastervariability:
• Jet-windclumpinterac)ons.• Recollima)onshocks.• ICofstellarphotonsbyrela)vis)celectrons.• Instabili)es.
– Slowervariability:• turbulentmixingatparsec-scales.
• Theevolu)onofAGNjetsandmicroquasarjetscanbeverydifferent,asinfluencedbyverydifferentenvironments(bewareofcomparisons).– WherearethemicroquasarFRIs?
3Dsimula)onofastellar-windenteringthejetatz≈100pc.Shockpropaga)ngtowardsthejetaxis.Upstreamwaveintheshearlayer.
AGNjet-cloudinterac)on
Bosch-Ramon,Perucho&Barkov(A&A,2012)Perucho,Bosch-Ramon&Barkov(A&A,2017)
energy
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