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LEQ:How have the rights of African Americans been restricted in American history?
Unit 5: Liberty and Justice for All
Drill:
When did Europeans first “discover” America?
When did Native Americans obtain status as U.S. Citizens?
When were the first Africans brought to the Americas?
When was the American Civil War?
When was the Civil Rights Movement?
14921924
1619, VA1861-18651954-1968
The Slave Trade1490s – Columbus sends Africans to Caribbean as slaves
1526 – Africans brought by the Spanish to FL as slaves
1619 – 20 Africans brought to VA as slaves
1808 – Slave Trade prohibited in U.S.
1865 – Slavery in U.S. is abolished (Civil War, 1861-1865)
= 370+ years of enslavement in the American colonies /U.S.
Post Civil War America •13th Amendment, 1865 – abolishes slavery
•14th Amendment, 1868 – citizenship & due process
•15th Amendment, 1870 – all male citizens 21 yo+ =vote
•Civil Rights Act, 1871 - prohibited discrimination, and fight violence directed at the newly freed populations
•Jim Crow / Black Codes – 1877-1960s
•Plessy v Ferguson, 1896 - upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation laws for public facilities ;“Separate but Equal” doctrine
The Rise and Fall of Jim Crow Rise and Fall of Jim Crow
Brown v Board of Education, 1954
The Little Rock Nine
1960•JFK elected president and introduces the “New Frontier”
- a package of laws and reforms that sought to eliminate injustice and inequality domestically
•Civil Rights Movement continues to grow and gain support; it is in reaction to the civil liberties that have been denied based on skin color
Freedom Riders
Birmingham, Alabama 1963
Birmingham, Alabama 1963
Desegregation of Univ. Alabama•Governor George Wallace promised his white followers: "Segregation now! Segregation tomorrow! Segregation forever!" (took office 1/14/1963)
•segregation deemed unconstitutional in 1954's Brown v. Board of Education
•June 10, 1963, President JFK federalized National Guard troops and deployed them to force its desegregation
Desegregation of Univ. Alabama
Kennedy Addresses the Nation June 11, 1963
Sixteenth St Baptist Church Bombing
Sixteenth St Baptist Church Bombing
Victims:
Addie Mae Collins, 14Denise McNair, 11Carole Robertson, 14Cynthia Wesley, 14
Suspects:
Bobby Frank Cherry, sentenced to four life terms, 2002
Thomas Blanton – sentenced to four life terms, 2002
Robert Chambliss - sentenced to life in prison, 1977
Herman Frank Cash – dies in 1994 before being charged
March on Washington, 1963•200,000+ people attend a political rally in Washington, D.C. August 28th
•It was in reaction to the Civil Rights legislation that was stalled in Congress
•Purpose: to make America aware of the political and social challenges of African Americans
March on Washington, 1963
March on Washington, 1963
March on Washington, 1963
Black Power Movement
Black Power Movement
Black Power Movement
Assassination of JFKDallas, TX, November 22, 1963
Civil Rights Legislation still stalled Congress
A Change Is Gonna Come• Song released Feb. 1964
• Cooke was killed by motel
manager Bertha Franklin
Dec. 11, 1964
Netflix Series: ReMastered: The Two
Killings of Sam Cooke
Lyndon Bain Johnson •Inherited civil unrest
•“Let this session of Congress be known as the session which did more for civil rights than the last hundred sessions combined.”
•Civil Rights Act, July 2, 1964
•Voting Rights Act, August 6, 1965
Legacy of the Civil Rights Movement
1. Segregation = illegal
2. African Americans provided greater access to voting rights
3. Legislative and judicial victories demonstrated the essence of a democratic republic
4. Inspired the second-wave of feminism
5. Precedent for other sub-groups of the population: Hispanic, Native American, Asian, LGBTQ+
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