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Joint Command and Controlfor Net-Enabled Weapons (JC2NEW)
Joint Test (JT)
Managing the Net-Enabled WeaponsKill Chain
Testing in a Live-Virtual-Constructive Environment
Col Steven J. Walker, USAFDirector
Report Documentation Page Form ApprovedOMB No. 0704-0188
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1. REPORT DATE JAN 2009 2. REPORT TYPE
3. DATES COVERED 00-00-2009 to 00-00-2009
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE Managing the Net-Enabled Weapons Kill Chain Testing in aLive-Virtual-Constructive Environment
5a. CONTRACT NUMBER
5b. GRANT NUMBER
5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER
6. AUTHOR(S) 5d. PROJECT NUMBER
5e. TASK NUMBER
5f. WORK UNIT NUMBER
7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) Joint Command and Control for Net-Enabled Weapons (JC2NEW),JointTest (JT),Alexandria,VA,22311
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATIONREPORT NUMBER
9. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 10. SPONSOR/MONITOR’S ACRONYM(S)
11. SPONSOR/MONITOR’S REPORT NUMBER(S)
12. DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITY STATEMENT Approved for public release; distribution unlimited
13. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES Live-Virtual Constructive Conference, 12-15 Jan 2009, El Paso, TX
14. ABSTRACT
15. SUBJECT TERMS
16. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF: 17. LIMITATION OF ABSTRACT Same as
Report (SAR)
18. NUMBEROF PAGES
39
19a. NAME OFRESPONSIBLE PERSON
a. REPORT unclassified
b. ABSTRACT unclassified
c. THIS PAGE unclassified
Standard Form 298 (Rev. 8-98) Prescribed by ANSI Std Z39-18
Quarterback Receiver
the way it is now…..
Fire and forget…
Quarterback OriginalReceiver
NewReceiver
Retask
What if you could call the football?
You enable QB to change receiver after he throws the ball!
What if you had more than one ball?
More than one quarterback?
We can do this now with Net‐Enabled Weapons using C2 processes
Net-Enabled Weapon
• Evolving Definition:
“Weapons whose functions can enhance, or be enhanced by, network operations to include initial targeting; launch; fly-out; re-direction; re-targeting; bomb-hit-indications (BHI); health and status; location; sensor operations; and loiter/self-destruct actions.”*
• Warfighter Translation“A net-enabled weapon is another weapon in our tool kit. We need to understand and learn how to optimize its effectiveness.”
6
*Joint Capabilities Integration and Development System Architecture Concept of Operations for Network Enabled Weapons, developedby the Weapons Data Link Network Advanced Concept Technology Demonstration
7
Current or Near-TermNet-Enabled Weapons
WEAPON SERVICE IOC TGT set/profile
TLAM Blk IVTactical Tomahawk
NAVY FIELDED Mobile or fixed / long range 700+nm
JASSM-MIMaritime Interdiction
AIR FORCE 2012 ? Mobile or fixed / medium-long range 200+nm
WEAPON SERVICE IOC TGT set/profile
NLOS-LS Precision Attack Missile (PAM)
ARMY 2010-11 Moving, mobile or fixed / short range ~40nm
Small Diameter Bomb 2 USAF 2014 Moving, mobile or fixed / short range ~30-50nm
WEAPON SERVICE IOC TGT set/profile
SLAM-ER NAVY/USMC FIELDED mobile or fixed / medium-long range 50-150nm
JSOW C-1 NAVY 2009-10 Mobile or fixed / short-medium range 15-65nm
Harpoon III NAVY 2010-11 Moving, mobile, or fixed / short-medium range
Direct Attack
Stand Off
Long Range / Loiter
Problem Statement
Current operational concepts and joint command and control procedures do not support the joint force’s ability to employ
net-enabled weapons against dynamic targets
Reviewed and validated by USPACOM sponsor and Joint Warfighter Advisory Group
8
9
JC2NEW Test Design Approach
0. Develop T&E Strategy
Evaluate joint time-sensitive targeting processes within Service and DOD architectures
1. Characterize TestIdentify relevant C2 process and developed new or unique processes for net-enabled weapons, focusing on post launch execution
2. Plan TestParticipate in Virtual Flag and Northern Edge planning conferences, technical interchange meetings, and JC2NEW Joint Warfighter Advisory Group
3. Implement LVC-DE
Develop Virtual Flag and Northern Edge Customer Requirement Documents, development of integration test plan, and JC2NEW accreditation of JLVC-DE
JC2NEW JT 2008022700110
2
Fix and Track Target(multiple sensors)
NetworkArchitecture
4
1 Find Targets
C2 Node Assesses Situation &Determines/Direct Engagement Actions
3
Net-Enabled Weapons
Assess5
Engage
• Continuous Data Exchange(health/position/status)
• In-flight Target Updates (as required)
Target
Weapon Impact Indication
Data link or terminal guidance
(Fixed/Mobile/TST) FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
Basic Net-Enabled Weapon Entities
• Re-Tasking Authority (RA) is the entity with authority to direct post-launchexecution (PLE) of a net-enabled weapon (NEW)
• The weapon controller (WC) is the entity designated to provide in-flight targetupdates, abort, loiter, and retarget NEW commands
• The sensor is the entity designated to track and report the target’s location
Re-Tasking Authority
DMOC NE 08 Systems
13
NE 08 – DMOC LVC HubJC2NEW Field Test 1 (FT-1)
• JCS Approved and Funded Exercise
• USPACOM-Validated Joint Scenario
• Alaskan Command Sponsored
Maritime Focus
US Only: ~7000 USN, USMC, USAF, and USA personnel
Largest JLVC event ever conducted
14
NE 08 (JC2NEW FT-1) Distributed Mission Environment
Kirtland AFB – DMOC
Hickam AFB
Robins AFB
Boeing St Louis
F-15C V Red Air VF-15E V Red Ships C CRC V DACSMTDSNGTSE-8C V
F/A-18 VSLAM-ER C
NE JECGE-3CF-15CF-22SOF
E2 EDRT
Gulf of Alaska (GOA)Live/Virtual/Constructive Battle spaceF-22 LDDG L/V F-15 L/VE-2C L/V F-16 L/VEP-3E V/C Threat IADS V/CE-3C L/V Maritime Threat L/V/CE-8C V Air Threat L/V/CF-18 V
Pacific Alaska Range Complex (PARC)Live/Virtual/Constructive Battlespace
AF IWC DICEDIADS
E-8C
613 AOCTACTOM
Pt Mugu, CA
Lackland AFB
Net-Enabled Weapons employment was major exercise focus for ALCOM
LVC provided only large scale Maritime Interdiction ops during exercise
Blue indicates persistent JNTC nodes for white cell
Green indicates weapon model integration using existing DREN/JTEN
Elmendorf AFB
JC2NEW FT-1Systems for NE 08
JC2NEW NE 08 Nodes
• 705 CTS, DMOC, Kirtland AFB, NM− LVC Network Hub; E-8C Virtual Surveillance Target Attack Radar Simulation (VSTARS),
constructive P-3/EP-3 simulation, White Cell test control; DREN, JTEN, Distributed Mission Operations Network (DMON) connectivity
• Pt. Mugu, CA, Naval Warfare Development Center− E-2C Enhanced Deployable Readiness Trainer (EDRT); NCTE connectivity
• Tactical Training Group Pacific (TACTRAGRUPAC) Pt. Loma Naval Base, CA, − Network and simulation tool interface for E-2C simulation; NCTE to JTEN connectivity
• Boeing CIDS St. Louis, MO− F/A-18E/F Low Cost Trainer (LCT), SLAM-ER 3-degrees of freedom constructive simulation;
DREN connectivity• 613th Air and Space Operations Center (AOC), Hickam AFB, HI
− AOC Combat Operations to include Chief Combat Operations (CCO), Senior Offensive Duty Officer (SODO)/Offensive Duty Officer (ODO), Senior Air Defense Officer (SADO)/Command and Control Duty Officer (C2DO), Senior Intelligence Duty Officer (SIDO)/Intelligence Duty Officer (IDO), Dynamic Targeting Cell (DTC), Attack Coordinator, Targeting Technicians, Tomahawk Land Attack Missile (TLAM) Duty Officer (DO) using Tomahawk Command and Control System (TC2S); JTEN connectivity
− Tomahawk Command and Control System (TC2S) integration at the AOC representing the TACTOM planning and strike cells
• 116 Air Control Wing (ACW), Robins AFB, GA− VSTARS; DMON connectivity
Mission Thread ImplementationLVC Environment
• The JT demonstrated the following attributes of the distributed LVC FT-1 environment:
• Integrated Sensor – C2 – shooter system simulations• Functional Link-16 simulated data network• Functional voice communications• Functional collaborative tools• JC2NEW scenarios provided a robust integrated
dynamic and time-sensitive targeting environment• CONOPS and TTP were clearly defined in the Net-
Enabled Weapons Handbook• Operators trained for net-enabled C2 process
implementation by JT personnel• JT personnel trained for the LVC exercise venue
FT-1 Bottom Line
• Warfighters successfully executed post launch weapon re-tasking against dynamic and time-sensitive targets in the NE 08 LVC environment− Significantly improved engagement opportunities and
responsiveness against mobile and rapidly emerging high-priority targets
− Warfighters provided invaluable feedback on JC2NEW-developed TTP, which will be incorporated in the Net-Enabled Weapons Handbook
18
FT-1 focused on a specific maritime environment comprised of a maritime interdiction mission scenario.
The overall objective of FT-1 was to:‘ Refine and evaluate the TTP developed during JC2NEW’s Phase I to meet the needs of the warfighter in a maritime environment.’
1919
Observations - General
For many warfighters, this exercise was their first exposure to net-enabled weapons capabilities and processes. The 613th Air and Space Operations Center (AOC) participants recognized the value gained to the extent that they requested JC2NEW participation in future Northern Edge and Virtual Flag scheduled events
• LVC events can improve operational integration and training− Leverage VC to augment/replace low density, high demand (LDHD)
assets, replicate MI assets/targets, and stimulate AOC level training
• The NE 08 LVC venue proved a credible environment for integrated C2 operations at Operational-Tactical level− Joint systems capabilities/limitations education and training lacking− C2 constellation fully leveraged in various configurations
• Identified TTP opportunities for degraded ops - capability gaps addressed• “Best opportunity we’ve ever had for joint ops” - AWAC Msn CC
When the strike of a hawk breaks the body of its prey, it is because of timing.-Sun Tzu
• C2 processes are the critical link to effectively engage emerging, time-sensitive, moving, or relocated targets using net-enabled weapons
• The JC2NEW tailored net-enabled weapon C2 dynamic processesenable a flexible and responsive kill chain – they require:
• Preplanning for supporting assets (ISR, 3PS) • A knowledgeable C2 structure• Clear lines of authority for actionable events• Comprehensive battlespace situational awareness
• Target timeline• Weapon timeline• C2 Process timeline
• Training, training, training – Well planned LVC exercises are excellentvenues for TTP development and testing in a joint environment
Summary
Back-up Slides
22JC2NEW JT 20080123001
Net‐Enabled Weapon Post Launch Execution
Advantage to the Commander… but only through C2 processes
No-Fly Zone
SAM
Re-Task Message
Planned Route
Bomb Hit IndicationBattle Damage Indication
Planned Target
Re-Task Route
Alternate Target Options
Re-Task Opportunities
Alternate Routes
Dynamic Target
Re-Tasked Target Update
Example: Tactical Tomahawk
• Two-way satellite data link• 15 preprogrammed alternate targets • Net-Enabled Weapon (re-task to new target!)• Ability to loiter over battlefield awaiting TST• Transmits battle damage indication (BDI) imagery• Anti-jam GPS receiver
• Length 18.25 feet• Diameter 20.3 inches• Cruise Speed ~475 miles per hour• Range ~1000 SM• Warhead WDU-36/B• Launch Platform Submarine/Ship• Navigation Inertial/TERCOM/Anti-Jam GPS/DSMAC+• Data Link UHFSATCOM• In Inventory 385
Block IV ‐109E
High Priority Pop-Up Target
• TACTOM is already launched to a preplanned ATO target
• Intel is received on the location of a high priority target
• TACTOM is in range• AOC coordinates and
re-tasks TACTOM to strike higher priority target
• Target has a bad day
Testing the C2 Phase Concept for PLE
Situation: After a net-enabled weapon is launched, the designated target is moving, has relocated, or a different target becomes a higher priority.
FIND FIX TRACK TARGETC2 PLE
ENGAGE (Net-Enabled Weapon Advantage) ASSESS
Phase 1Begin Re-Task
Plan
Phase 2Select Re-Task
Plan
Phase 3Issue Re-Task
Order
Phase 4Execute
Re-Task Order
Phase 6Estimated Damage
Assessment
FIND
FIX
TRACK
TARGET ENGAGE
Phase 5Guide
weapon
A Commander has the ability to authorize the net-enabled weapon to be re-tasked post-launch if critical C2 activities are accomplished.
Easy right? Not quite…
• Many players in AOC involved:− DTC− SIDO− SODO− SADO− CCO− TLAM DO− Airspace Tech
• Effective communication flow and C2 are critical
What is JADOCS?
• Joint Automated Deep Operations Coordination System (JADOCS)− Joint mission management software application− Suite of tools/interfaces for horizontal and vertical integration across battlespace
functional areas− Provides capability to integrate ISR data and task offensive resources
• Improves strike timing to coincide with enemy movements− Over 3000 users worldwide
• Used in support of operations in Iraq and Afghanistan, used in all US unified commands
28JC2NEW JT 20080123001
The way it is now…
No-Fly Zone
SAM
Planned Route
Planned Target
Re-Task Route
Alternate Target Options
Re-Task Opportunities
Alternate Routes
Dynamic Target
Re-Tasked Target Update
29JC2NEW JT 20080123001
Dynamic Target pops up ‐Re‐task weapon in flight
No-Fly Zone
SAM
Planned Route
Planned Target
Re-Task Route
Alternate Target Options
Re-Task Opportunities
Alternate Routes
Dynamic Target
Re-Tasked Target Update
30JC2NEW JT 20080123001
Multiple possible targets from loiter ‐Commander’s decision
No-Fly Zone
SAM
Planned Route
Planned Target
Re-Task Route
Alternate Target Options
Re-Task Opportunities
Alternate Routes
Dynamic Target
Re-Tasked Target Update
31JC2NEW JT 20080123001
Commander needs time to determine best target ‐sends TACTOM to 2nd loiter waiting on ISR
No-Fly Zone
SAM
Planned Route
Planned Target
Re-Task Route
Alternate Target Options
Re-Task Opportunities
Alternate Routes
Dynamic Target
Re-Tasked Target Update
32JC2NEW JT 20080123001
After re‐ task to new target, dynamic target pops up ‐Commander re‐tasks again for TST kill
No-Fly Zone
SAM
Planned Route
Planned Target
Re-Task Route
Alternate Target Options
Re-Task Opportunities
Alternate Routes
Dynamic Target
Re-Tasked Target Update
FT-1JC2NEW Voice Comm and Wan Connections
Observations - Standoff
• JSTARS 3rd Party Source track information was critical to successful target prosecution.
• Sweeper weapon TTP was utilized and increased ordnance on target in constrained operational environment.
• Estimated Damage Assessment TTP was critical to most efficient use of limited resources.
The JT integrated a standoff LVC environment in which Navy pilots executed F/A-18E and SLAM-ER weapons employment utilizing JSTARS third party
source target data with an E-2C command and control platform in a maritime interdiction scenario.
ObservationsLong-Range Net-Enabled Weapons
• Addition of the TLAM Duty Officer at the AOC significantly enhanced the use of TACTOM by the JFACC to counter dynamic targets.− This duty position may transition into a Net-Enabled Weapons Duty Officer
• Allowed the AOC to visualize the location and status of individual TACTOM missions.− This capability dramatically improved the AOC’s situational awareness and
ability to re-task airborne long-range weapons in dynamic targeting missions.
• Additional training and TTP development required for coordinatedjoint weapons engagements
The JT integrated a long range LVC environment in which the 613th AOC Combat Operations Division, through the Dynamic Targeting Cell,
executed Tactical Tomahawk missions against relocated dynamic targets using Tomahawk Mission Distribution System (MDS) to relay
target and routing information to the missile post launch.
JTDCol Steve Walker
Mr. Rowlan Bevan
Support StaffEglin AFB, FL
Security and Safety Kirtland AFB, NM
Test Control CellDMOC
Kirtland AFB, NM
MSEL Monitoring
Data Manager
Data Collection and Analysis
E-2CPt. Mugu, CA
F/A-18SLAM-ERBoeing, STL
Standoff Test
OperationsKirtland AFB, NM
TLAM DO613 AOC
DTC613 AOC
Long Range Test
OperationsHickam AFB, HI
Data Collection and Analysis MSEL Monitoring
JC2NEW FT-1 Test Team Structure
FT-1 Data Collection Nodes
21st Century WarfightingPrecision Engagement
Full Spectrum Dominance• Exploit every source– leverage what we have
• Provide shared situation awareness & understanding
• Support dominant speed of command
• Provide precise, synchronized execution
• Allow agility and flexibility
Enabled By Network Centric Warfare
JFLCC
Joint Tactics, Techniques,and Procedures for
Integration and Interoperability ofJoint Special Operations
Tactics, Techniques,and Procedures for
Integration and Interoperability of
Special OperationsForces and
Conventional Forces
JTFJFLCC
Division
JSOTF
FOBB rigade
B attalion
CLOSE AIR SUPPORT NODE
GROUND FIRE SUPPORT NODE
AFATDS
SOF-DE
DM S
G CCSCOP
DCTS
TBM CS
NetM eetingmIRChatE-mail
JFACC
G CCSCOP
DCTS
DM SAFATDS TBM CS
ADO CS
AFATDS
G CCS-MC2PC
G CCSDCTSCOP
G CCSCOP
DCTS
DM SAFATDS TBM CS
ADOCS
AFATDS
G CCS-MC2PC
AFATDS
G CCS-MC2PC
AFATDS
G CCS-MC2PC
LINK 16
SOF-DE
SPECIAL OPERATIONSTEAM NODE
SV-1
UH
F/VH
F/Cell/Sat Phone
UH
F/V
HF/
Ce l
l/Sat
Pho
ne
UHF/
VHF/
Cell/S
at P
hone
UH
F/VH
F/Cell/Sat Phone
UH
F/V
HF/
Cel
l/Sat
Pho
ne
UHF/VHF/Cell/Sat Phone
UH
F
UH
F/VH
F/Cell/Sat Phone
UH
F/VH
F/Cell/Sat Phone
SATCOM
SATCO
M
SAT
CO
M
SATCOM
SAT
CO
M
SATC
OM
SATC
OM
UH F/VHF/Cell/Sat PhoneUHF/VHF/Cell/Sat Phone
JTFJFLCC
Division
JSOTF
FOBB rigade
B attalion
CLOSE AIR SUPPORT NODE
GROUND FIRE SUPPORT NODE
AFATDS
SOF-DE
DM S
G CCSCOP
DCTS
TBM CS
NetM eetingmIRChatE-mail
JFACC
G CCSCOP
DCTS
DM SAFATDS TBM CS
ADO CS
AFATDS
G CCS-MC2PC
G CCSDCTSCOP
G CCSCOP
DCTS
DM SAFATDS TBM CS
ADOCS
AFATDS
G CCS-MC2PC
AFATDS
G CCS-MC2PC
AFATDS
G CCS-MC2PC
LINK 16
SOF-DE
SPECIAL OPERATIONSTEAM NODE
SV-1
UH
F/VH
F/Cell/Sat Phone
UH
F/V
HF/
Ce l
l/Sat
Pho
ne
UHF/
VHF/
Cell/S
at P
hone
UH
F/VH
F/Cell/Sat Phone
UH
F/V
HF/
Cel
l/Sat
Pho
ne
UHF/VHF/Cell/Sat Phone
UH
F
UH
F/VH
F/Cell/Sat Phone
UH
F/VH
F/Cell/Sat Phone
SATCOM
SATCO
M
SAT
CO
M
SATCOM
SAT
CO
M
SATC
OM
SATC
OM
UH F/VHF/Cell/Sat PhoneUHF/VHF/Cell/Sat Phone
12/26/2003 UNCLASSIFIED “DRAFT”Joint Integration and Interoperability of Special Operations
92
Out of scope of J IISO
Plan Joint Fires &
M aneuver
A1
Assess Results of Joint F ires
& M aneuverA3 Transition
A4
FS CMManeuver CM
JFS TasksReport of Enemy Intent/
IntelligenceSituationa l Awareness
Boundary/CM Changes
Call for Joint Fires
A2
FS Orders
Maneuver Orders
AO DecisionFS Request ClearedFS Request Resourced
Results of FSResults of Maneuver
CDR’s Intent
ROE OPLANSOPORDS M ovement & Operatio nal Co nstraintsTask/Missio n
Constraints
Environment
FS Systems/Applications
FS Nodes/Agenc ies
FS Request
Regs., Instr., & Man.
Day in the Life of JIISO Test
Conduct Joint Fires and Maneuver OV-5
CONOPS, Handbooks,Multi-Service Tactics, Techniques,and Procedures
DOTMLPF ChangeRecommendation
Integrated NetworkArchitectures Assessment
Test and TrainingMethodologies and Infrastructure
JC2NEW Products
Recommended