View
227
Download
2
Category
Tags:
Preview:
Citation preview
JointsJoints
Joint (articulation, arthrosis):
a point of contact between two bones
The jxn. Between neighboring bones
Joint Classifications: (3 types)
1. Fibrous:
bone-bone (skull sutures)
No movement
2. Cartilaginous:
bone-cartilage-bone
1o: No movement (cranial base)
2o: limited movement (V.C. & sternal angle)
3. Synovial:
bone-space-bone
free range of movement
*most joints in the body*
4 rules:
- space: synovial cavity
- fluid: synovial fluid
- membrane: synovial membrane
- capsule & Lig.: fibrous capsule &
supporting lig.
Types of Synovial JointsTypes of Synovial Joints
6 types
1. Planar (plane):
flat surfaces
gliding movement
i.e. intercarpal Js,
2. Hinge:
convex concave surface
angular (open & close) motion
i.e. elbow
interphalangeal
3. Pivot:
pointed surface ring shape
rotational movement
i.e. atlanto-axial joint
(as noting “NO”)
radio-ulnar joint
4. Condyloid (ellipsoidal):
oval bony projection fits into
oval depression of another bone
i.e. atlanto-occipital joint
wrist joint
5. Saddle-shaped:
saddle shaped surface as a sitting rider
*modified condyloid joint
i.e. trapezium & thumb metacarpal
6. Ball & Socket
ball like surface cuplike depression
circumduction
i.e. shoulder joint
hip joint
ArthritisArthritis
Inflammation of the joints in which joints are swollen & painful
3 types
1. Osteoarthritis:
degenerative joint disease in which cartilage is gradually lost due to continuous friction “wear & tear”
- most common - affects large joints (knee & hip)
2. Rheumatoid arthritis:
autoimmune disease in which immune system of the body attacks its own tissues (joint cartilages)
- usually bilateral - affects smaller joints first
3. Gouty arthritis (GOUT): النقرصdeposition of sodium urate crystals in the joints which produces acute pain & swelling of the joint
due to accumulation of uric acid in blood
uric acid + Na sodium urate salt crystals
*most often: feet & hands
“Disease of Kings”
Selected Joints of The BodySelected Joints of The Body
- Shoulder joint (Glenohumeral)
- Hip joint
- Knee joint
Anatomy of The JointsAnatomy of The Joints
1. What is the type of the joint?
2. What are the articular surfaces of the joint?
3. What are the supporting ligaments?
4. What kind of movement is available?
5. Any special characteristics of the joint?
GlenoHumeral (Shoulder) JointGlenoHumeral (Shoulder) Joint
Type: Synovial (ball & socket)
Articulations:
Head of humerus
Glenoid cavity of scapule
Ligaments:
1. Fibrous Capsule
2. Coraco-humeral lig.
3. Gleno-humeral lig.(3)
4. Transverse humeral lig.
Recommended