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www.jrc.ec.europa.eu
Serving society Stimulating innovation Supporting legislation
JRC AFRIMED WEF Nexus Approach
Joint Research Center of the European Commission (JRC), Institute for Environment and Sustainability (IES)
Cesar Carmona Moreno
JRC WEF NEXUS TASK FORCE
WEF-Solutions European River Basins
WEF-2030 WEF Interactions under Global Climate & SocioEco Scenarios
WEF-AFRIMED WEF Perspectives for Med &
Africa
• Atlas on Water Conflicts and
Cooperation • WEF Indicators • Socio-Economic Scenarios • Assessment Synergies and
Tradeoffs • WEF Tools Dev for Concrete and
Real Issues and Needs • Feeding WEF NEXUS Dialogues in
Dev-Countries
• Danube NEXUS baselines • WEF Models and Generic Tools for
Europe • Global Scale covering all Thematic
areas: Floods, Droughts, Agriculture, Energy, Water Exploitation, Security and Availability, Efficiency, Desalination, Groundwater Depletion for Europe, …
• Wastewater – Innovative
treatments • Agriculture and Water Quality • Sustainable Desalination • Hydropower and river
Hydromorphology • Energy-Agriculture Water
Pressure Baseline • Green urban water solutions • Tradeoffs in e-Flows & water
Availability
3 9 December 2016
ACEWATER2 AU-NEPAD Centres
of Excellence – Phase 2
MEKROU Water-Agri in the Niger/Mekrou RB
WEF-MED WEF NEXUS
assessments in MED
EC NEXUS-DEV
Scientific Support to EC NEXUS
Dialogues
WEF - SENEGAL
WEF NEXUS in the Senegal River Basin
WEF-AFR WEF NEXUS
assessments in AFRICA
Trade-offs
WEF NEXUS assess. MED
WEF Interact - rural electrific.
WEF Indicators WEF Interact – Biogas-Waste
Atlas Coop&SDGS
WEF NEXUS Assess Niger RB
E-Water NEXUS module - Africa
Climate Variability Analysis-AFRICA
African Atlas Coop&SDGS
WEF NEXUS Assess. Africa
H2020 AA DEVCO
AA Coming
WEF NEXUS Studies: MED&AF
Climate Variability Analysis-MEKROU
Hydro-Agro Model
E-Water NEXUS module-MEKROU
Socio-Econom. Analysis
Cadre Coop. Transfrontalier
Fouta Djalon Scientific Observatory
WEF NEXUS assess. Fouta Djalon
WEF NEXUS assess. Manantali
WEF NEXUS assess. Delta
WEF NEXUS Dialogue Platform
EC Position Paper NEXUS-SDGS
Network Extension Eastern-Central Africa
EC Nexus Dialogues Programme
DEVCO (Chair) GIZ (secretariat - coordination)
JRC (Scientific Support)
Africa Latin America
Central Asia
EU neighborhood
Nile Niger SADC Senegal
Andes Aral Sea MENA
NEXUS RESEARCHES JRC-IUCN
Nexus Research Studies
Policy Brief
Project Organization
NEXUS Concept Advantage: the WEF Nexus approach does not give precedence to Water over other sectors, addresses explicitly trade-offs and synergies between sectors, and strongly promotes sustainability and security. Since WEF Nexus is drawing a lot of attention, little work has been done on concrete applications in Dev.
“WEF AFRIMED - NEXUS IN DEV COUNTRIES”
DEV Countries Issues: a) Lack of good, accurate, harmonized and up-to-date data and information; b) Asymmetric access to information; c) At basin level, data available can differ greatly in terms of level of aggregation, scale, accuracy, reliability, etc.
Challenges (UNECE – “Reconciling resource uses in Transboundary basins”): • What can be achieved in a nexus assessment depends on various factors: the context, the issues, the actors involved, the constructiveness of the dialogue, and the availability of information and political will.
• Data-Information Exchange: To encourage Parties to inform each other about any critical situation that may have a transboundary impact and to make available to the public information on transboundary waters.
• Well-defined and efficient decision-making mechanisms; mechanisms for data and information exchange, as well as for monitoring and compliance;
WEF NEXUS IN DEV. COUNTRIES
C1.1- Establish a Cooperation Framework
C2.1 Inventory of current
status
C2.2 Identification
of Development
Priorities
C2.3 Dev. of WEF NEXUS
Basin Information
Systems C2.6 Understanding
‘Climate Variability’
C2.4 Understanding
the Water Balance
C2.10 Strategic Framework for
WEF Nexus Security
Development
C2.9 Investment Plans and Dev.
Measures
C2.5 Understanding
the Energy Balance
C2.7 Understand.
the WEF Interactions
Analysis
C2.8 Identif. of Common
Collaboration Points - Interest
The Mékrou Project
Main objective: to support Economic Green Growth and Poverty Reduction in African countries (Burkina Faso, Benin and Niger), in relation to water use and to water conservation.
“Water for growth and poverty reduction in the Mékrou transboundary river basin “ (Jan2014 – Dec 2017)
Specific objectives: 1. Establishment of a Transboundary Cooperation Framework on Water for Growth long term planning in the Mekrou transboundary basin 2. Development of an Integrated Water Resource Strategy for green growth in the Mekrou River basin (food security, appropriate urban and rural development and environmental conservation to meet challenges arising from climate change) and water sector investment promotion.
The Mekrou Project: Organisation of activities
C1.1- Cooperation framework (GWP)
C2.1 Inventory of
current status
C2.2 Identification
of Development
priorities
C2.3 Dev. of Basin
Information Systems
C2.4 Dev. of the ‘Water Variability
Assessment’ Module
C2.5 Understanding
the Water Balance
C2.6 Strategic Framework for Water Security
(GWP)
C2.7 Investment
Plans and Dev. Measures
(GWP)
C2.1: Inventory of
Current Status
Atlas “diagnostic” - Collection of relevant data and preliminary supporting maps
C2.2 Identification of Development
Priorities
Identification of Key Actors involved in the Information, Data Management and Knowledge
C2.3 Development of WEF NEXUS
Basin Information System
Basin Household Survey
Experts and stakeholders survey for the socioeconomic priorities: Analysis and dissemination of results
Setup of the database management system
First Agricultural/land/Water/Energy Simulations
Seminars with Basin Scientific/Technical Institutions
Basin Stakeholders Survey
Basin Scientific/Technical Survey
Collection/Harmonisation and homogenization of Biophysical/Hydrological and Socio-economic data
WEF NEXUS IN DEV. COUNTRIES
AQUASURVEY software
AQUASURVEY application to collect,
integrate and process
data on the field (with
internet connection or
no)
http://aquaknow.net/en/
aquasurvey-software
On Google play store
Mékrou surveys – Data collection
3 communes of Benin, 2 communes of Burkina Faso, 3 communes of Niger: 650 surveyed households
Demographic and socioeconomic data
Environment and Ecosystem
services
Nutrition and Food security
Agricultural water use and agricultural production
Domestic water use
Floods and droughts
Collected data Field implementation: January 2016 – March 2016
- Household Survey- - W Park Survey-
In cooperation with PNE Benin the survey took place in February/March 2015
In total 191 persons have been interviewed (52 W Park visitors and 139 citizens of villages located near W Park)
Analysis of: Value of ecosystem services of W Park, Recreational activities, Travel cost, Travel attributes of visitors
C2.5 Understanding
the Water Balance
Optimisation of irrigation, use of fetlilisers and improvement of soil fertility
C2.3 Development of Basin WEF
NEXUS Information System
C2.4 Understanding Climate Variability
Optimal agricultural production and efficient irrigation water use
Water management optimisation and efficient water allocation
Food security and nutrition
Climate variability and impact scenarios
Climate change impacts to agriculture
Domestic water use, supply and sanitations
Tourism in the W Park: characteristis and sustainability
E-Water system prototype Final report
Agricultural production and water use
Socioeconomic analysis demographics
Environment and ecosystem services
Flood, drought events, frequency and population resilience
Workshop: Analysis, Tools and Output
WEF NEXUS IN DEV. COUNTRIES
Biophysical modeling for the Identification of Optimal solution
FERTILIZATION STRATEGIES
MANURE MANAGEMENT
LANDUSE CHANGES
SANITATION IMPROVEMENT
List of different SCENARIOS
OPTIMIZATION CRITERIA 1
• Food production (MAX) • Water quality
(MAX/CONS) • Manag. Costs (MIN) • Environmental
Flow/River discharge (CONS)
• Diets requirements (CONS)
• Cash crop production (MAX)
• ……
SWAT EPIC Local Models Output analysis Maps Diagnostic layers ……
OUTPUT OF SCENARIOS ANALYSIS
DB
END USER SELECTION OF BMPs
• Model inputs
• ……
LIVESTOCK MANAGEMENT
WATER INFRASTRUCTURES
WASTE WATER
POINT SOURCES
IRRIGATION STRATEGIES
E-NEXUS NEXUS BASIN Information System
E-NEXUS is an interface software designed to allow users to edit and analyze data related to the area of the Mékrou basin. Given the considerable quantity and the different nature of the data available, it is expected to group them all in a common dataset.
More than the simple visualization of data, E-NEXUS can be used to perform several operations on the entries, by providing a graphical interface for their view and save them in different ways according to the choice of the user.
E-Nexus is developed as an Desktop application of Microsoft Windows operating systems.
• Arrangement of multiple data into lists easy to edit • Possibility to start procedures directly through the
interface • Provides multiple formats of outputs, according to the
needs of the user
MAIN OBJECTIVES
E-Nexus
AQUAKNOW Sharing Information and Data
AQUAKNOW content
management system to
share information, data,
documents, events, …
http://aquaknow.net/
Mékrou WEF Nexus: Economic assessment approach
Crops Total Production Livestock Total Production
Domestic water provision Securing drinking water Securing irrigation water
Protection of ecosystems W Park biodiversity protection
W Park recreational value
Value Approach
Total Production Function (Household Survey)
Contingent Valuation (WTP) Multilinear Regression Models (Household Survey + WPark Survey)
Travel Cost estimation for visitors and residents of neighboring villages (WPark Survey)
Interval Regression Model for the Domestic drinking water provision
Mékrou WEF Nexus: Economic assessment
Water
Agriculture Food
production
Ecosystems
Mékrou water competitive
uses
Crops total value: 97,237,791 euro/year Livestock total value : 39,454,570 euro/year
Domestic water provision: 2,496,413 euro/year* (2.68 €/household/month) Mékrou preserving drinking water value: 143,794 euro/year* (1.93 €/household/year) Mékrou preserving irrigation water value: 80,849 euro/year* (1.04 €/household/year)
Mékrou Ecosystems Protection value: 69,075 euro/year* (0.89 €/household/year) W Park Biodiversity protection: 7,110 euro/year* (2.37 €/visitor Est. 3000 visitors/year) W Park recreational value based on travel expenses: 2,022,900 euro/year
* Non market values based on stated preferences. Survey analysis. Similar to other regional estimations.
Mékrou WEF Nexus: Next steps (2017)
?? ??
??
Energy? Completion of hydrological modeling / biophysical tools (EPIC,
SWAT, Optimization analysis, Mékrou Information System E-Water)
Estimating hydrological and economic trade-offs under scenarios: optimal allocation of crops, change of crops, development scenarios, climate variability, changing water balance
Scenario of including the Energy sector (?), Hydroelectric energy
Perceiving the Mékrou Nexus approach not a unique tool but as a
case to test relevant methods and create an integrated WEF Nexus approach
In cooperation with ABN and AgrHyMet applying the Mékrou E-WATER tool, SWAT and EPIC at the level of the Niger River Basin – Expanding the NEXUS
WEF Nexus: Mediterranean
Barley, Wheat
SecurityAvailability, accessibility,Adequacy,
affordability
SDG 6Water
SDG 7Energy
SDG 2Food
feed/fiber
Water for energy• Cooling• Hydropower• Irrigation of bioenergy crops
Water for food• Irrigation• Livestock requirements• Human consumption
Energy for food• Energy for irrigated crops• Energy for fertilizer
Food for energy• Biofuels• Manure, waste
Energy for water• Extraction transportation• Water treatment, distribution• Irrigation of bioenergy crops• Waste water , drainage, treatment, disposal
Food impact on water• Virtual transport• Water quality
WEF Nexus: Mediterranean
WEF Indicators in the Mediterranean region Development of spatially explicit WEF Nexus indicators for the Mediterranean region through model simulations of water resource availability and quality and allocation across energy and food sectors. The indicators will also contribute to monitor progress against achievements of the SDG targets taking into account their linkages and trade-offs
change in demand by 2050 In North Africa Water : +50%, Food +95%, Electricity generation + 500%
WEF Nexus is drawing a lot of attention, but little work has been done on concrete applications. We will assess the WEF Nexus in the Mediterranean to provide some answers on how to measure the achievements of the three SDGs dealing with primary resources which are fundamental for society and the economy: SDG6 (WATER) , SDG2 (FOOD), and SDG7 (ENERGY). One major advantages of the WEF Nexus approach is that it does not give precedence to water over other sectors, addresses explicitly trade-offs and synergies between sectors, and strongly promotes sustainability and security. All the assessment will be made through state of the art modeling
Nexus Dialogues
Project Planning Jan 2017 – Dec 2018
WEF Nexus: Senegal
WEF - SENEGAL WEF NEXUS in the
Senegal River Basin
Fouta Djalon Scientific Observatory
WEF NEXUS assess. Fouta Djalon
WEF NEXUS assess. Manantali
WEF NEXUS assess. Delta
WEF NEXUS Dialogue Platform
SENEGAL River Basin Project: Supporting the water resources management and the Water-Energy-Food Nexus in the Senegal River Basin (Sénégal, Mali, Mauritanie, Guinée) (2017-2020)
The JRC Mekrou project team
Thank you !!!!
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