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Case: berry projectFunded by TEKES (the Finnish Funding
Agency for Innovation)Partial funding from six companiesCollaboration between different
faculties/departments and between the six companies
A large project lasting over 3 yearsThree separate trials
*
Whole berry product
EtOH Phenolic fraction (ethanol extract)=P
CO2
lb
bb
Trial III long term N=110 The fractions/berry products in random order
Berries: Black
currant=bc sea
buckthorn=sb lingonberry=lb bilberry=bb
nutritional advice
Lipid fract. (CO2
extract)=L
Trial II sensory
evaluation of products
children aged 4-9 years
N=100
Trial I long term (20
weeks) parallel N=30+30 Diet 1 Diet 2 = control diet
Berries and berry products
Reference for berry products (control diet)
bc
sb
* sea buckthorn
** sea buckthorn and bilberry
****
Figure Overall scheme of the clinical trials. Trial I: For Diet 1, all the berries/products are included in one complete diet in consecutive meals. Group B is given a control diet. Trial II: A sensory evaluation of test products with children aged four to nine years. Trial III: Sea buckthorn and bilberry are utilized, and sea buckthorn is fractionated. Phenolic (flavonoid) and lipid fractions, as well as whole berry products are included in the diet in random order.
2006 2007 2008 2009
2006 2007 2008 2009
Establishment of research
Component analysis of berries and test-products
Trial I Trial II
Product development
Analysis of samples from clinical trials
Statistics and conclusions of clinical trial I and sensory
trial II
Statistics and conc-lusions of
clinical trial III
Trial III
Figure Schedule
Figure Budget
salaries and side costs Pmw 2007 Pmw 2008 Pmw 2009 Pmw total
30PhD student N.N. 8 20 550 6 15 500 4 10400 18 46 450Technician 3 7 750 3 7 750 3 7 750 9 23 250Statistician 0,5 1650 0,5 1 650
Salaries+ 29 % side costs, total 17,5 45400 21 54150 19 49050 57,5 148 600
Overhead costs 20 800 24 900 22 500 68 200
Travel 8000 9000 8000 25 000Equipment (purchases, licenses etc.) 8000 8000 8000 24 000
Consumables and materials 17 000 16000 20 000 53 000Services 26 000 36 000 41 000 103 000
Total 125 200 148 050 148 550 421 800
Funding from industry 14 100 14 100 14 100 42 300Funding from TEKES 111 100 133 950 134 450 379 500
77 20030 900 12 30 900PhD student H-M Uusitupa 6 15 400 12
Functional Foods Forum
prof. Raija Tahvonen
Finnish Industry (Aromtech Oy, Fazer
Leipomot Oy, Finnish Berry Powders Ltd, Kiantama Oy, Pakkasmarja Oy, Saarioinen Oy, Satakunnan tyrniseura
ry)
Department of Biochemistry and Food Biochemistry
prof. Heikki Kallio Dr. Jukka-Pekka Suomela
(co-ordinator)
Department of Internal Medicine
prof. Jorma Viikari
UTU prof. Timo Knuutila
(project leader)
Figure. Co-operators of the research team and the persons in charge.
Trial 1The aim of the study wast to investigate the
effect of a berry diet consisting of blackcurrant, bilberry, lingonberry and sea buckthorn berries on the risk factors of type 2 diabetes in overweight womenDuring intervention, each day 162.6 g berries
and oil from 35 g of berries , divided into three portions
Test products – lots of discussion between the researchers and companiesWhole berries, juices, berry oils, powders,
lingonberry bread
Trial 1Recruiting
Advertisements in e-mail lists, newspaper and notice boards
Normal health status and suitability for the study were checked by 1) an interview (n =162) and 2) by biochemical laboratory tests (n= 102) - inclusion and exclusion criteria
Written informed consents importantRandomization
The subjects were randomly assigned to the two groups, intervention and control (n = 31 and 30, respectively) after stratification with LDL-cholesterol and body mass index
Trial 120-week study period
Blood samples collected before and after the study period (as well as in-between)
Trial 1Different biomarkers in blood were
analyzedCRP, total, LDL and HDL cholesterol,
triglycerides, insulin, glucose, ALAT, GT, adiponectin, blood pressure…
ALAT level decreased 23% in the intervention groupPossible enhancmenet of the liver function
and lowering the risk of diabetes
Trial 2The hedonic response (liking score) of 104
healthy children to the 12 berry products was studied recruited from five day-care centers and
three schools Another aim of the study was to study the
effects of the chemical composition of berries as well as children’s hTAS2R38 taste receptor genotypes on liking. berry flavonols, sugars, organic acids and
vitamin C were analyzed
Trial 2Prior to the sensory study, written consent
was obtained from parents and verbal assent was asked from the children
Prior to gene testing, 1) written consent was obtained from parents 2) verbal assent was asked from the children
(day-care) or both verbal assent asked and written consent obtained (schools)
Lots of planning on how to test the liking scores!
Trial 2Four products were tasted during each session The children evaluated the pleasantness of
berry samples in each product and rated their liking score using Peryam and Kroll (P&K) scale
Children at day-care were interviewed one-by-one, children in schools filled the evaluation form by themselves
Trial 2 The most liked product was bilberry with
yoghurt, followed by bilberry juice, dried bilberries, and lingonberry rye bread
The most disliked products were sea buckthorn juice, sea buckthorn berries with yoghurt, and oatmeal with blackcurrant powder and berry oil
High total organic acid concentration was strongly related with a poor average liking score of the berries/berry products
The liking scores of the children of different hTAS2R38 genotypes differed from each other
Diet 1 = Sea buckthorn oil
fraction
Diet 3 = Sea buckthorn product
(whole-berry)
Diet 2 = Sea buckthorn flavonoid
(phenolic) fractionThe effect of oil
The effect of phenolicscompared with oil
Diet 4 = Bilberry product
(whole-berry)
The effect of phenolics
The effect of unfractionatedsea buckthorn berry
Difference between the berries
The effect of unfractionatedbilberry
The effect of oil compared with whole-berry product
The effect of phenolicscompared with whole-berry product
Diet 1 = Sea buckthorn oil
fraction
Diet 3 = Sea buckthorn product
(whole-berry)
Diet 2 = Sea buckthorn flavonoid
(phenolic) fractionThe effect of oil
The effect of phenolicscompared with oil
Diet 4 = Bilberry product
(whole-berry)
The effect of phenolics
The effect of unfractionatedsea buckthorn berry
Difference between the berries
The effect of unfractionatedbilberry
The effect of oil compared with whole-berry product
The effect of phenolicscompared with whole-berry product
Figure. Trial 3: Conclusions that can be made of comparisons between the health state of study subjects with different diets.
Intervention period 1
Intervention period 2
Intervention period 3
Intervention period 4
Wash-out Wash-out Wash-out Wash-outWash-out
Figure. Trial 3: Intervention periods of 35 days and wash-out periods of 30 days. Stars represent the timepoints where samples are taken.
Trial 3
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