jurassic-cretaceous stratigraphy of malaysia

JURASSIC-CRETACEOUS STRATIGRAPHY OF MALAYSIA

CCOP-DMR Seminar on Jurassic of Southeast Asia, 1st Sept 2017, Bangkok, Thailand

MAT NIZA BIN ABDUL RAHMAN Technical Services Division,

Department of Mineral and Geoscience Malaysia Sultan Azlan Shah Road, 31400 Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia

e-mail: mniza@jmg.gov.my

In Peninsular Malaysia, the Jurassic-Cretaceous sequence is represented by the continental deposits deposited in several isolated basins throughout

the country Generally, characterised by the fining upward

sequence comprises reddish brown to red siltstone, sandstone and conglomerate often interpreted as molasse sequence.

INTRODUCTION

The sequence distributed in the Western, Central and Eastern Belts of Peninsular Malaysia Fossils of gastropods, bivalves and plant as well

as palynomorph had been discovered within those rock units Fossils of dinosaur teeth and footprints had been

discovered in the Lotong Sandstone of the Gagau Group in Hulu Terengganu.

INTRODUCTION

INTRODUCTION Jurassic-Cretaceous continental sequences in Peninsular Malaysia: Saiong Formation Koh Formation Tembeling Group Gagau Group Ma’okil formation Paloh formation Lesong Sandstone Gerek Formation

Ulu Endau Beds Tebak Formation Panti Formation Berapit Formation Tan Hain Formation Kayu Hitam Formation Panau Formation

CCOP-DMR Seminar on Jurassic of Southeast Asia, 1st Sept 2017, Bangkok, Thailand 5

Correlation chart between JK succession in Peninsular Malaysia Western Belt Central Belt – Eastern Belt Kedah-Perak Kelantan

Pahang-Terengganu

Jurassic-Cretaceous

Saiong Formation

Kayu Hitam Formation

Berapit Formation

Tan Hain Formation

Panau Formation

Koh Formation

Gagau Group

Tembeling Group

Gerek Formation

Ma’Okil Formation

Paloh Formation

Lesong Sandstone

Ulu Endau Beds

Tebak Formation

Panti Formation

INTRODUCTION

Jurassic-Cretaceous marine sequences in Sabah and Sarawak:

Sabah: Madai-Baturong Formation

Sarawak: Kedadom Formation Sejingkat Formation Pedawan Formation Serabang Formation Bau Limestone an Sebangan Hornstone

Distribution of JK rocks in Peninsular Malaysia

Stratigraphic correlation along the Malaysia-Thailand border

Saiong Formation

Previously known as Saiong Beds Sequence of polimict conglomerate to conglomeratic redbeds, red

sandstone, shale and mudstone Adjacent to Malaysia-Thailand border Correlated with Phun Phin Formation in southern Thailand Probably Cretaceous in age Thickness up to 1,200 m Overlies unconformably the Triassic Semanggol Formation

Distribution of Saiong Formation

Koh Formation

Rudaceous-arenaceous sequence in Sungai Aring area, SE Kelantan state

Mudstone interbedded in the sequence basal argillaceous limestone Late Triassic-Jurassic Unconformable over the Triassic Telong Formation Named after Sungai Koh

Distribution of Koh Formation

Tembeling Group

Sequence of volcanics, conglomerate, sandstone, shale and mudstone

Widely distributed in Pahang state Comprises: Thermus Shale Mangking Sandstone Lanis Conglomerate Kerum Formation

Distribution of Tembeling Group

Kerum Formation

The basal part Made up of volcanic-sedimentary suite with intermixed varieties No fossil May be Late Triassic Named after Sungai Kerum

Lanis Conglomerate

Consists of polymictic conglomerate, conglomeratic sandstone, shale, siltstone sequence

Reddish and ferruginous Volcanis clasts significant in parts Named after Gunung Lanis Fossils:

Mangking Sandstone

Consists mainly of quartzose sandstone interbedded with grey and reddish argillaceous rocks

Plant fossil Gleichenoides Gagauensis Kon’no indicates Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous age

Named after Sungai Mangking

Termus Shale

The youngers unit in Tembeling Group Consists predominantly of reddish ferruginous

shale/mudstone/siltstone interbedded with some quartzose sandstone and lithic sandstone

Bivalve fossil suggest Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous age Named after Sungai Termus Among fossils found:

Gagau Group

Succession of gently dipping arenaceous-rudaceous sequence forming Gagau Mountain plateau at Kelantan-Terengganu-Pahang border

Associated with volcanic beds Plants fossils indicate Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous age Consists of Badong Conglomerate and Lotong Sandstone

Distribution of Gagau Group

Badong Conglomerate

Basal unit of Gagau Group Red polimict conglomerate with subordinate sandstone, siltstone

and shale Occur as wedge shaped and lenticular beds Graded and cross bedding structure Named after Sungai Badong

Lotong Sandstone

Overlies the Badong Conglomerate

Mainly sandstone (orthoquartzite, protoquartzite and subarkose) and some volcanics)

Poorly sorted and cross bedded Plants fossils indicate Late

Jurassic to Early Cretaceous age Dinosaur tooth and footprints Named after Sungai Lotong

Ma’okil Formation

Predominantly argillaceous with arenaceous, rudaceous and volcanic in Johor state

Argillaceous and rudaceous often reddish and ferruginous Correlated with Gagau Group and Tembeling Formation Named after Ma’okil Forest Reserve

Distribution of Ma’Okil Formation

Paloh Formation

Interbedded of sandstone, shale and mudstone Partly equivalent with Ma’Okil Formation Unconformably overlying the Triassic Semantan Formation Jurassic to Cretaceous palynomorph:

Distribution of Paloh Formation

Lesong Sandstone

Gently dipping predominantly sandstone sequence in south Pahang

Jurassic-Cretaceous age based on lithostratigraphic correlation

Thickness about 450 m Abundant plant remains, cross

bedding Molasse characteristics indicate a

continental origin

Distribution of Lesong Sandstone

Gerek Sandstone

Arenaceous unit exhibits similar characteristics with JK unit exposed in Pahang state

Correlated with other JK unit based on lithology No detail study on this unit

Distribution of Gerek Sandstone

Ulu Endau Beds

Massively bedded sequence of predominantly arenaceous rocks Ulu Endau area, SE Pahang with some argillaceous interbedded Horizontal to gently dipping Plant fossils: Gleichenites sp. Otozamites sp. And Equisetite sp. age

indicates Cretaceous Named after Ulu Endau area

Distribution of Ulu Endau Beds

Tebak Formation

Predominantly arenaceous sequence in southern Johor Consists of quartz arenite, quartz wacke, feldspathic arenite with

minor siltstone and grey-purple mudstone Flat to gently dipping Named after Sungai Tebak Plant fossils:

Distribution of Tebak Formation

Among the plants fossils found in Gagau Group and Tebak Formation

Panti Formation

Predominantly arenaceous sequence in southern Johor Consists of quartz arenite, quartz wacke, feldspathic arenite with

minor siltstone and grey-purple mudstone Well-correlatable with Tebak Formation

Distribution of Panti Formation

Berapit Formation

comprises massive, poorly sorted, matrix supported conglomerate.

subangular to rounded clasts, 1 – 10 cm in diameter, made up of sandstone, shale and minor limestone; cemented by reddish sandy matrix.

fining upwards sequence and the clasts show an imbrication of about N-S direction with plunging towards northunconformably overlies the Silurian-Devonian Kroh formation.

well exposed at Km 2.2 along the Malaysia-Thailand border security road, in Perak state.

Distribution of Berapit Formation

Berapit Formation

Palynomorph:

Tan Hain Formation

sequence of thickly bedded sandstone and conglomerate interpreted as continental deposits

named after Sungai Tan Hain, a small river located in the topography map Sheet 20, Belum which flows southeast to Temengor Lake, Upper Perak, where the graded bedding sandstone and conglomerate are well exposed and the type section is proposed

Distribution of Tan Hain Formation

Kayu Hitam Formation

reddish brown, medium- to thick-bedded mudstone, conglomerate, conglomeratic sandstone and sandstone sequence that exposed around the Bukit Kayu Hitam area north of Kedah State.

well correlatable with the Lam Thap Formation of Thailand.

Distribution of Kayu Hitam Formation

Panau Formation

sequence of continental, channel lag deposit, crops out near Tanah Merah town, Kelantan state

Forms nonconformity between the granite and the overlying Panau beds can be observed at an abandoned rock quarry at the foothill of Bukit Panau

consist of interbedded thin argillite beds, laminated fine-grained sandstone, poorly sorted pebbly sandstone and paraconglomerate.

The argillite rocks are maroon in colour. Some of the argillite occur as lenses within the sandstone beds. This indicates that the rocks were deposited in a channel lag, in oxygenated and continental environments

The arenaceous rock consists of light grey poorly sorted sandstone, mostly pebbly and laminated fine-grained sandstone

cross bedding which can be observed

Distribution of Panau Formation

Sequence of red shale and sandstone of the Panau Formation

Discovery of dinosaur fossils in Jurassic-Cretaceous sequence in Malaysia

Gagau Mountain – Terengganu-Kelantan- Pahang border

Kelantan

Pahang

Terengganu

Dinosaur tooth fossil embedded in a conglomerate boulder in Sungai Chichir, Hulu Terengganu

Theropod dinosaur footprints on a sandstone boulder in Sungai Chichir, Hulu Terengganu

Iguanodon dinosaur footprints on a sandstone boulder in Sungai Chichir, Hulu Terengganu

Iguanodon dinosaur footprint on a sandstone boulder

Another dinosaur discovery…..

Team of palaeontology researchers from the Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya and Japanese universities (Waseda University and Kumamoto University) has found dinosaur fossil teeth in the rural interiors of Pahang -- the first known discovery of dinosaur remains in Malaysia. Field expedition since 2012

Professor Ren Hirayama from Waseda University (Tokyo), a specialist in reptile palaeontology, identified that one of the teeth, Sample UM10575, belongs to a spinosaurid dinosaur (known as a carnivorous "fish-eating" dinosaur)” Most probably Spinosaurid sauropod

UM10575 is about 23 mm long and 10 mm wide. It develops fairly distinct carinae (front and rear edges) with serrations, typical to a tooth of a theropod (carnivorous dinosaur) Well-marked coarse ridges are developed on the surface of

the tooth, and the surface bears micro-ornament (very fine sculptures); these characterise a spinosaurid tooth.

The fossil teeth of a spinosaurid dinosaur discovered in Pahang /Astro Awani http://www.malaysiandigest.com/news/488527-update-pahang-dinosaur-excavation-sit

The fossil remains of the Spinosaurid sauropod (carnivorous dinosaur). Credit: Image courtesy of ResearchSEA

Close-up view of the fossil remains of the Spinosaurid sauropod (carnivorous dinosaur). Credit: Image courtesy of ResearchSEA

Spinosaurid dinosaur as portrayed in the movie Jurassic Park III. /Google Images

Spinosaurid dinosaur. /Google Images

Pahang Dinosaur: Excavation Site Top Secret, says Pahang CM

The dinosaur excavation site in Pahang is top

secret… Associate Professor Dr. Masatoshi Sone

JK SEQUENCE IN SABAH AND SARAWAK

represented by the marine deposits comprises argillaceous, some arenaceous and calcareous rocks, and associated chert, lava, and pyroclastics

Sabah: Madai-Baturong Formation Sarawak: Kedadom Formation, Sejingkat Formation, Pedawan

Formation, Serabang Formation, Bau Limestone and Sebangan Hornstone.

Most of them are shallow marine shelf deposits except for the chert dominant Sejingkat Formation and part of Serabang Formation and the Sebangan Hornstone which might be deposited in a deeper marine condition.

Distribution JK sequence in Sabah

Distribution JK sequence in Sarawak

Terima Kasih Khob-kun-krub

jurassic-cretaceous stratigraphy of malaysia

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