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Consequences lead to habits
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Key points1. We are creatures of habit 2. Habits can be deadly 3. Young animals learn more quickly
than older animals4. Necessity is the mother of
invention5. Change takes time
Behavior depends Behavior depends on consequenceson consequences
Consequences Consequences lead to habits lead to habits
Habits Change the Habits Change the BodyBodyThe body determines the structure The body determines the structure
of experience.of experience.Experience determines the Experience determines the
structure of the body.structure of the body.
What are theWhat are theadvantages of advantages of
habits?habits?
Efficient and Efficient and EffectiveEffective
Where do deer go duringthe hunting season?
What are theWhat are thedisadvantages of disadvantages of
habits?habits?
Poisonous PlantsPoisonous PlantsGila versus Apache CountiesGila versus Apache Counties
Animals Prefer FamiliarAnimals Prefer Familiar- Toxic Plants -- Toxic Plants -
to Unfamiliar Plantsto Unfamiliar Plantsin Unfamiliar Environmentsin Unfamiliar Environments
Ease the transitionEase the transition with familiar foodswith familiar foods
Change is Change is sometimes sometimes necessarynecessary
Faced with the choice Faced with the choice between changing one’s between changing one’s mind and proving there is no mind and proving there is no need to do so, almost need to do so, almost everyone gets busy with the everyone gets busy with the proof.proof. - John K. Galbraith- John K. Galbraith
… … but it’s hard!but it’s hard!
What causes What causes creatures of habit creatures of habit to change habits?to change habits?
YouthYouthSatietySatiety
InadequacyInadequacy
Old dogs can learn new tricks, but young
dogs learn them quicker…
Japanese Japanese MacaquesMacaques
Ewes, Lambs and Douglas-fir
SatietySatietyNot meatloaf again!Not meatloaf again!
InadequacyInadequacyDiet SelectionDiet Selection
If nutritional state is adequateIf nutritional state is adequate
0
100
200
300
400
500
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9Day
nove
l fla
vorFamiliarity breeds Familiarity breeds
content, novelty content, novelty breeds contempt, breeds contempt,
animals are animals are neophobic.neophobic. In
take
of r
ice,
g
If it ain’t broke,If it ain’t broke,don’t fix itdon’t fix it
If nutritional state is inadequateIf nutritional state is inadequate
0
100
200
300
1 2 3 4 5 6
Day
high-protein diet
high-energy diet
Familiarity Familiarity breeds contempt, breeds contempt,
novelty breeds novelty breeds content, animals content, animals are neophyllic.are neophyllic.
Inta
ke h
igh-
ener
gy, g
Necessity is Necessity is the mother of the mother of
inventioninvention
Nutrient Nutrient deficient goats deficient goats
that ate that ate woodrat woodrat houses…houses…
lost significantly lost significantly less weightless weight
Nutrient BalanceNutrient Balanceaversion sample preferenceaversion sample preference
InadequacyInadequacyHabitat SelectionHabitat Selection
ThompsonThompsonMaxfieldMaxfield
MaxfieldMaxfield ThompsonThompsonCalfCalf
mothermother
YearlingsYearlings peerspeers
2-years age2-years age droughtdrought
3-years age3-years age mothermother
Old dogs Old dogs New tricksNew tricks
Changes in ManagementChanges in ManagementSy
stem
Per
form
ance
Syst
em P
erfo
rman
ce
TimeTimeSoils, Plants, Herbivores, PeopleSoils, Plants, Herbivores, People
DairiesDairies……
If video doesn’t play, insert file NewYork_dairy.wmvIf video doesn’t play, insert file NewYork_dairy.wmv
Ease transitions:Ease transitions: Feed green chop in the barn prior to
turnout on grass. Increase time spent on pasture
slowly. Ration fed in the barn must
complement pasture. Expose replacements to grass early
in life, preferably with their mothers.
Riparian Areas…Riparian Areas…
If video doesn’t play, insert file Upland_cows.wmvIf video doesn’t play, insert file Upland_cows.wmv
Riding not harassing:Riding not harassing: Move cattle out of bottoms Keep cows/calves and subgroups
together Settle animals on upland sites with
ample forage, salt, supplement, etc. Ride consistently and persistently Cows pass behavior to their calves It takes time to change behavior
1994
2001
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1998
1995
1998
Taking Taking animals to animals to
the fairthe fair
Key pointsKey points1.1. We are creatures of habit.We are creatures of habit.2.2. Habits can be deadly.Habits can be deadly.3.3. Young animals learn more quickly Young animals learn more quickly
than older animals.than older animals.4.4. Necessity is the mother of Necessity is the mother of
invention.invention.5.5. Change takes time.Change takes time.
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