View
6
Download
0
Category
Preview:
Citation preview
Kimberley marine biota. Historical data: sponges (Porifera)
Jane Fromont1* and Alison Sampey1
1 Department of Aquatic Zoology, Western Australian Museum, Locked Bag 49, Welshpool DC, Western Australia, 6986
*Email: jane.fromont@museum.wa.gov.au
ABSTRACT – A data compilation of Kimberley sponge species housed in four Australian natural science collection institutions was undertaken by the Western Australian Museum. Just under 40% of the collected data were excluded from the synthesis described here due to insufficient species identifications, however 342 species of sponges are documented. This dataset provides baseline information for future sponge investigations in the region. The majority of the known species were widespread Indo-Pacific with a number of Australian endemics. Collection effort was biased to offshore locations. Comprehensive surveys of inshore marine habitats will provide a greater understanding of sponge diversity and abundance throughout the entire region.
KEYWORDS: natural history collections, species inventory, Kimberley Marine Bioregion, biodiversity, NW Australia, baseline
069–100 (2014) DOI: 10.18195/issn.0313-122x.84.2014.069-10084RECORDS OF THE WESTERN AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM
SUPPLEMENT
INTRODUCTION
The importance of utilising natural science col lec t ion dat ase t s to prov ide basel i ne biodiversity information to inform conservation and environmental management decisions is increasingly being recognised (Pyke and Ehrlich 2010; Costello et al. 2013). Biodiversity research into the Kimberley region of Australia is of immense value as it is an area with high conservation values and with new and proposed marine parks. There are proposed developments associated with oil and gas reserves, fishing and aquaculture activities, and tourism (Department of Environment and Conservation 2009). The importance of compiling existing data to provide a baseline to assist with characterisation of the assets and values of this region was recognised by Wood and Mills (2008).
The Western Australian Museum (WAM) and other Australian natural science institutions have undertaken marine biodiversity fieldwork in the Kimberley Project Area (see Methods), which has resulted in specimen collections, but much of the data and their interpretation are either unpublished or published in specialist taxonomic literature, and thus not readily accessible to researchers and managers. To address this information gap WAM instigated an extensive data compilation of the
species known from the Kimberley Project Area. Here, we document what is currently known about sponge diversity in the Project Area.
Sponges are important as habitat formers, providing protection and food sources for other marine organisms in all oceans of the world. They have a wide range of biological associations with other organisms from microbes to vertebrates (Bell et al. 2013). They perform a variety of functional roles such as facilitating primary production, eroding carbonate reefs and filtering vast volumes of seawater (Bell 2008; Bell et al. 2013). There is increasing evidence that they are critical in nutrient cycles that occur in the oceans, for example in cycling dissolved organic matter in coral reefs (de Goeij et al. 2013), and nitrogen cycling in oligotrophic reefs (Keesing et al. 2013). A recent analysis of bioactivity in Australian marine fauna demonstrated that sponges were the most consistently bioactive phylum across all bioregions examined (Evans-Illidge et al. 2013). In recent times sponges have been recognised as a critical component of the marine benthos, but in many areas their species richness and abundance is largely unknown.
The collecting of sponges in the Kimberley Project Area is very recent, from the 1980s
70 J. FROMONT AND A. SAMPEY
onwards, with no major historical surveys to the region focussing on this group. Three sponge studies in the Kimberley have been published: Hooper (1994), Fromont and Vanderklift (2009) and Keesing et al. (2011) (Table 1). The Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS) Bioactivity Unit collected marine invertebrates throughout Western Australia, including sponges in the Project Area, and results were documented in an unpublished report (McCauley et al. 1993). These collections were made in 1991 between Broome and Cape Rulhieres in inshore subtidal habitats by SCUBA and intertidal collecting. They are now held in the Queensland Museum, and sponges with adequate species determinations have been included in this paper. Keesing et al. (2011) reported on the sponges collected from inshore subtidal habitats in Gourdon Bay and the Dampier Peninsula, with specimens collected utilising an epibenthic dredge in depths between 11–23 m. Along with the AIMS collection and a small diving expedition by WAM to Beagle Bay (Bryce et al. 1997), these are the major expeditions to focus on sponges in the inshore Kimberley. Other inshore sponge records in this paper are anecdotal, generally one-off collections, not undertaken by sponge experts. Hooper (1994) and Fromont and Vanderklift (2009) focussed on offshore locations, the first study at Ashmore, Cartier and Hibernia Reefs and the second at Mermaid, Scott and Seringapatam Reefs. The first expedition targeted shallow subtidal habitats on SCUBA, and the second both subtidal habitats on SCUBA and intertidal collecting. These are the only studies to date to document the sponges of the offshore reefs and atolls of the North West Shelf of WA.
The aim of this project was to collate the records of shallow water (<30 m) sponge species in the Kimberley Project Area, which are verified by specimens lodged in Australian museum collections (1880s–2009), and to comment on spatial distributions and collection gaps of this faunal group in the region.
METHODS
STUDY AREA AND COLLECTION SCOPE
The Kimberley Project Area is defined by the coordinates 19.00°S 121.57°E; 19.00°S 118.25°E; 12.00°S 129.00°E; 12.00°S 121.00°E. It encompasses the coast, which forms a natural inshore boundary, from south of Broome to the WA/NT border extending beyond the 1000 m bathymetric contour to include the shelf edge atolls (Figure 1). We included all classes of sponges: Hexactinellida, Calcarea, Homoscleromorpha and Demospongiae.
The methodology follows that outlined by Sampey et al. (2014). Sponge data for the region were sourced from the collection databases of WAM, Queensland Museum (QM), Australian Museum (AM) and Museum and Art Gallery of the Northern Territory (MAGNT), and species lists from three publications: Hooper (1994), Fromont and Vanderklift (2009) and Keesing et al. (2011).
Species names were checked using the online databases: World Porifera Database (Van Soest et al. 2014), the Australian Faunal Directory (ABRS 2014) and the Zoological Catalogue (Hooper and Wiedenmayer 1994) to identify the
Survey Year No. Locations No. Stations No. Species No. Families Reference
Offshore
1981, 1986, 1987, 1992 3 32 138 38 Hooper (1994)
2006 4 45 132 31 Fromont and Vanderklift (2009)
Inshore
1991 11 15 19* 11 McCauley et al. (1993)
1997 1 2 28 13 Bryce et al. (1997)
2008 5 15 52 18 Keesing et al. (2011)
TABLE 1 Number of locations, stations, species and families of sponges (Porifera) sampled during expeditions in the Project Area, with data in reports or publications. NB: Only stations that included sponges were counted. *recorded to species or OTU.
KIMBERLEY MARINE BIOTA. HISTORICAL DATA: SPONGES 71
currently accepted taxonomic name and determine biogeographic distributions.
Many of the sponges from the Project Area have only been assigned to an Operational Taxonomic Unit (OTU), or morphospecies concept, and have not been examined within the Linnaean system to determine if they are new species or have been previously described in historic taxonomic literature. OTUs are used for a number of reasons outlined in Sampey et al. (2014). In the case of sponge identifications within the Project Area they indicated one or more of the following:
• the identification was preliminary with no time to study the historic literature;
• the morphological characters differed from the published descriptions;
• the species was outside its known geographic range; and
• the taxonomic group requires substantial revision.
As the Project Area sponges have been examined by sponge experts it was assumed each OTU was consistent and represented a single species, although OTUs have not been checked between institutions for duplication. Total number of sponge species was determined using all named, cf. and OTU species. For biogeographic analyses only sponges with full species names were used.
SPATIAL INFORMATION, COLLECTION DETAILS AND MAPPING
Data from all sources were collated into a single database and location, and collection details were checked and verified. Full details of this methodology are outlined in Sampey et al. (2014) along with the list of locations, latitude and longitude where collections occurred in the Kimberley Project Area.
Maps of species richness and sampling effort were generated for each main location. Since species richness patterns are highly dependent on sampling effort, we calculated the number of collecting events at a location to provide an indication of relative sampling effort. A collecting event was defined by the season and year of collecting (Sampey et al. 2014).
BIOGEOGRAPHIC CODING
Spe c ie s were coded for t he i r k now n biogeographic range following the relevant categories in Spalding et al. (2007). We coded for the following five realms:
• Temperate South Africa (TSA). Found from Benguela in the west, south and east to Agulhas Bank-Natal, including Amsterdam and St. Paul in the temperate Indian Ocean.
• Western Indo-Pacific (WIP). Found throughout the Red Sea and the East African coast, Western and Central Indian Ocean.
• Eastern Indo-Pacific (EIP). Found throughout Hawaii, eastern Pacific Islands, Central and Southeast Polynesia.
• Temperate Australasia (TA). Found throughout New Zealand and temperate Australia from Shark Bay on the west coast south and east to Tweed Heads-Moreton Bay.
• Central Indo-Pacific (CIP). Here coded as the region encompassing the South China Sea, Sunda Shelf, the tropical northwestern and southwestern Pacific and coral triangle.
We separately coded for the following three provinces within this fifth realm:
• Sahul Shelf (SS). Includes the Gulf of Papua, the Arafura Sea, Arnhem coast to Gulf of Carpentaria and Bonaparte Gulf.
• Northeast Australian Shelf (NES). Torres Strait and Great Barrier Reef.
• Northwest Australian Shelf (NWS). Broome to Ningaloo.
Within its distribution range a species may be restricted to certain habitats, however sponges are predominantly found on hard subtidal substrates, with a few adapted to soft sediments and/or intertidal habitats. The species in this study were not coded for habitat as there are limited habitat data for sponges in the area and most of the collecting was by SCUBA or intertidal surveys of hard substrates, with little to no focus on soft sediments.
RESULTS
NUMBER OF SPECIMENS IN COLLECTIONS
A total of 1,071 ‘specimen lots’ of sponges were in the combined collection databases, of these 665 were retained in the Project Area dataset as they were identified to species, cf. or OTU (Table 2). A ‘specimen lot’ represents one to many individuals of the same species from the same site with a unique museum registration number. QM and WAM had the highest numbers of specimen lots, followed closely by MAGNT. A high number of lots were excluded from the present dataset (406, 38%) due to insufficient species identification (Table 2).
72 J. FROMONT AND A. SAMPEY
The oldest records in the databases for Kimberley sponges were housed in the WAM, MAGNT and QM collections and were represented by two species Clathria lendenfeldi and Axinyssa sp. collected from Broome in 1961.
SPECIES RICHNESS AND COLLECTING EFFORT
A total of 343 species were recorded in the dataset. There were no glass sponges (Hexactinellida), but six species of Calcarea and seven species of Homoscleromorpha were recorded, with the remaining 330 species all Demospongiae. All major orders of sponges were represented in this synthesis. The most species rich orders, listed here from most to least species, were the Haplosclerida, Halichondrida, Poecilosclerida, Dictyoceratida, Hadromerida and Spirophorida (Table 3).
Thirty three of the species were identified as cf. taxa (i.e. to a known Linnaean species concept), and 205 to OTU-level taxa (Appendix 1a), with the remaining 105 recognised as known species. Twenty four of the known species were recorded from Kimberley inshore localities, the majority (65) from the offshore continental edge atolls with the remaining 16 species found in both areas (Appendix 1b). No sponges have been collected
from Browse Island or the midshelf shoals. The high species richness recorded for the offshore atolls is related to higher sampling effort in these locations (Tables 1 and 4). We summarised the number of offshore versus inshore locations and stations for five major studies conducted in the Project Area (Table 1). We found that while seven offshore locations had been sampled compared to 17 inshore, 77 offshore stations were sampled compared to less than half that number (32) inshore.
Overall we found sponges were recorded from 33 locations in the Project Area, seven offshore and 26 inshore localities (Table 4, Figures 1–3). Species richness varied considerably from 101 (at Scott Reef) to one (at eight inshore locations; Table 4, Figure 2). This is clearly related to sampling effort, which was highly variable, with four collecting events at Broome and only one collecting event at 29 locations (Table 4, Figure 3). Sponge species richness was higher at the seven offshore sites than at the inshore locations. For eight of the Kimberley inshore sites there was only a single species of sponge recorded from a single collecting event. No collecting has occurred at Browse Island (midshelf), or Imperieuse Reef (continental slope), nor has the eastern Kimberley been adequately sampled (Figure 1).
!(!(
!(
!(!(!(
!(
!(!(
!(
!(!(!(
!(!(
!(
!(!(!(
!(
!(!(!(!(
!(
!(
!(!(
!(!(
!(
!(!(
!(
!(
!(!(
!(
!(
!(!(!(!(
!(!(!(
!(!(!(!(!(!(
!(!(
!(!( !(!(
!(!(!(!(
!(
!(!(!(
!(
!(!(
!(
!(!(!(!(
!(!(!(!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(!(
!(
!(
!(
!(!(
!(!(!(!(!(!(!(
!(
!(!(
!(!(!(
!(
!(
!(!(
!(
!(!(
!(!(!(!(
!(!(
!(!(
!(
!(
!(!(
!(!(!(!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(!(
!(
!(
!(
!(!(
!(!(
!(!(
!( !(!(!(
!(
!(!(
!(!(!(
!(!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(!(!( !(!(!(!(!(!(
!(!(
!(!(!(
!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!( !(
!(!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(!(!( !(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(!(
!(
!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(
!(!(!(!(!(
!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(
!(
!(
!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(
!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(
!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(
!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(
!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(
!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(
!(
!(
!(!(!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(!(!(
!(
!(!(
!(
!(!(
!(!(!(
!(!(!(
!(!(!(
!(
!(!(
!(
!(
!(!(!(
!(!(
!(
!(!(
!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(
!(
!(
!(!(
!(!(!(
!(
!(
!(
!(!(
!(
!(
!(!(
!(!(!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(!(!(
!(!(
!(
!(
!(!(
!(!(
!(!(!(
!(!(
!(
!(
!(
!(!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(!(
!(!(
!(
!(
!(
!(!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(!(!(!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(!(
!(
!(!(!(!(!(
!(
!(
!(
!(!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(!(
!(
!(
!(!(
!(
!(
!(!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(!(!(!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(!(
!(!(
!(
!(!(!(!(
!(
!(!(!(
!(
!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(
!(!(
!(!(!(!(!(
!(
!(!(
!(!(!(!(
!(!(!(!(!(!(!(
!(!(!(!(!(
!(
!(
!(!(
!(
!(
!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(
!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(
!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(
!(!(!(!(
!(
50 m
100
m
100
m
100 m
1000
m
50 m
30 m
30 m
Scott Reef
Clerke Reef
Ashmore Reef
Mermaid Reef
Browse Island
Hibernia Reef
Cartier Island
Imperieuse Reef
Seringapatam Reef
DERBYBROOME
WYNDHAM
128°0'E
128°0'E
125°0'E
125°0'E
122°0'E
122°0'E
119°0'E
119°0'E
12°0
'S
12°0
'S
15°0
'S
15°0
'S
18°0
'S
18°0
'S
±
KIMBERLEY
0 50 100 150 200
kilometres
Porifera
FIGURE 1 Locations of records of sponge species in the Project Area.The Proect Area boundary is marked in grey. Map projection: GDA94, Scale: 1:6, 250,000.
KIMBERLEY MARINE BIOTA. HISTORICAL DATA: SPONGES 73
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
50 m
100
m
100
m
100 m
1000
m
50 m
Scott Reef
Clerke Reef
Ashmore Reef
Mermaid Reef
Browse Island
Hibernia Reef
Cartier Island
Imperieuse Reef
Seringapatam Reef
DERBYBROOME
WYNDHAM
128°0'E
128°0'E
125°0'E
125°0'E
122°0'E
122°0'E
119°0'E
119°0'E
12°0
'S
12°0
'S
15°0
'S
15°0
'S
18°0
'S
18°0
'S
±
KIMBERLEY
0 50 100 150 200
kilometres
Species Richness!( 1!( 2 - 10!( 11 - 20!( 21 - 30
!( 31 - 40!( 51 - 100!( 101 - 500!( 500 +
Porifera
FIGURE 2 Species richness of sponges for each main location in the Project Area. Map projection: GDA94, Scale: 1:6, 250,000.
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
50 m
100
m
100
m
100 m
1000
m
50 m
30 m
30 m
Scott Reef
Clerke Reef
Ashmore Reef
Mermaid Reef
Browse Island
Hibernia Reef
Cartier Island
Imperieuse Reef
Seringapatam Reef
DERBYBROOME
WYNDHAM
128°0'E
128°0'E
125°0'E
125°0'E
122°0'E
122°0'E
119°0'E
119°0'E
12°0
'S
12°0
'S
15°0
'S
15°0
'S
18°0
'S
18°0
'S
±
KIMBERLEY
0 50 100 150 200
kilometres
No. of Collecting Events!( 1!( 2!( 3 - 5
!( 6 - 10!( 11 - 20!( 21 +
Porifera
FIGURE 3 Number of collecting events for sponges at each main location for which there are collections. This was based on a count of the season code and provides an indication of sampling effort. Map projection: GDA94, Scale: 1:6, 250,000.
74 J. FROMONT AND A. SAMPEY
TABLE 2 Number of specimen lots of Project Area sponges housed in Australian collections. Included are those lots identified to species or OTU (able to be distinguished as a separate species) and excluded are those lots incompletely identified.
Collection Included Excluded Total
AM 2 9 11
QM 238 132 370
MAGNT 60 265 325
WAM 365 0 365
Total 665 406 1071
TABLE 3 Number of species in each class and order of sponges in the Project Area.
Class/Order No. of species
Calcarea 6
Homoscleromorpha 7
Demospongiae 330
Spirophorida 19
Astrophorida 15
Hadromerida 28
Chondrosida 3
Lithistids 4
Halichondrida 58
Poecilosclerida 55
Agelasida 2
Haplosclerida 84
Dictyoceratida 42
Dendroceratida 4
Verongida 16
Total 343
LocationSpecies Richness
Collecting Events
OffshoreScott Reef 101 2Cartier Island 75 1Mermaid Reef 59 1Ashmore Reef 53 3Hibernia Reef 44 1Seringapatam Reef 39 1Clerke Reef 15 1
InshoreQuondong Point 35 1Beagle Bay 33 3Packer Island 23 1Gourdon Bay 18 1Pender Bay 10 1Broome 7 4Eclipse Shoals 7 1Cape Latouche Treville 4 1Fenelon Island 4 1Grey Shoal 4 1Heritage Reef 4 1Tangier Shoals 3 1Lacepede Islands 2 1Lord Mayor Shoal 2 1Cockatoo Island 2 1Colbert Island 2 1Cone Bay 2 1Vansittart Bay 2 1Green Island 1 1Jamieson Reef 1 1King Sound 1 1Talboys Rock 1 1Cape Leveque 1 1Champagny Island 1 1George Water 1 1Gibbings Island 1 1
TABLE 4 Species richness and number of collecting events at each location in the Project Area.
BIOGEOGRAPHY
Of the 105 known species reported from the Kimberley two thirds were wide ranging Indo-Pacific species with 68 (65%) in this category, and 31 species (30%) Australian endemics (Table 5). Forty six (71%) of the offshore species were widespread Indo-Pacific species, almost half of the inshore species were widespread (11 species, 46%), and the majority of those found both inshore and
offshore (11 species, 69%) were widespread Indo-Pacific species (Table 5).
Endemic Australian species were proportionally highest at the inshore locations with 12 species (50%) reported, while 14 endemic species (22%) were reported offshore including six (43%) of those species considered to be temperate Australian. Five species (31%) that occurred in both locations were Australian endemics.
KIMBERLEY MARINE BIOTA. HISTORICAL DATA: SPONGES 75
Biogeographic Code Inshore and offshore Inshore only Offshore only
WIDESPREAD
WIP 1 4
CIP 4
TSA/WIP/NWS/SS/NES/CIP/EIP 1
TA/WIP/NWS/SS/NES/CIP 1 1 3
TA/WIP/NWS/SS/CIP/EIP 1
TA/WIP/NWS/NES/CIP/EIP 1
TA/WIP/NWS/SS/CIP 1 1
TA/WIP/NWS 2
TA/WIP 2
TA/NWS/SS/NES/CIP 1
TA/NWS/NES/CIP 2
WIP/NWS 1
WIP/NWS/SS 1
WIP/NWS/SS/NES/CIP 4 1 4
WIP/NWS/SS/CIP 1 1
WIP/NWS/NES/CIP 2 4
WIP/NWS/NES/CIP/EIP 1
WIP/NWS/CIP 4
WIP/NWS/CIP/EIP 1
WIP/NES/CIP 2
WIP/NES 1
NWS/NES/CIP 3
NWS/CIP 1 5
NWS/SS/CIP 1 2
NWS/SS/NES/CIP 1 1
Widespread Total 11 11 46
AUSTRALIAN ENDEMIC
TA/NWS/SS/NES 2 2
TA/NWS/SS 1 3
TA/NWS 2 2
NWS/SS/NES 1 1
NWS/SS 1 3
NWS/NES 2 1
NES 1
NWS 2 1
TA 6
Endemic Total 5 12 14
OTHER
TSA 1
Other 1 4
Other Total 1 5
Grand Total 16 24 65
TABLE 5 Number of species with each biogeographic code. Codes are defined in the Methods.
76 J. FROMONT AND A. SAMPEY
DISCUSSION
Zoological collections are important tools for providing historical baseline biodiversity and ecological data, as well as contributing to determining biotic and human impacts on marine environments. The knowledge of the Western Australian tropical sponge fauna has increased markedly in recent years (Fromont 2003, 2004; Fromont et al. 2006; Fromont and Vanderklift 2009; Keesing et al. 2011; Schönberg and Fromont 2011), yet knowledge of the Kimberley sponge fauna has lagged behind other better studied tropical regions, such as the Pilbara and Ningaloo in WA. The specimen data collated in this study provides a historical baseline to assist current and future sponge biodiversity studies being conducted in the region.
The majority of the species collected in the Project Area were from offshore atolls, largely due to the work done by Hooper on Ashmore, Cartier and Hibernia Reefs (Hooper 1994), and by Fromont on Mermaid, Scott and Seringapatam Reefs (Fromont and Vanderklift 2009). Fewer species were reported from inshore locations due largely to sponges not being targeted for research until very recently (Bryce et al. 1997; Keesing et al. 2011). Midshelf habitats remain largely unexplored, and no sponges have been reported from these localities.
Species composition differed between offshore and onshore sites with 16 known species occurring in both areas, and the majority of the species being recorded at offshore localities. Many of the species found offshore are known coral reef species such as Pericharax heterorhapis, Rhabdastrella globostellata, Carteriospongia foliascens and Clathria (Thalysias) reinwardti. These species are also likely to be found in the more turbid inshore reef systems as effort in these locations is increased.
The differences in species richness are largely the result of collecting effort, which was not comparable between inshore and offshore locations. Although more inshore locations had sponges collected from them (26 inshore versus seven offshore), more than twice as many stations were sampled offshore compared to inshore (see Table 1) resulting in lower species diversity reported inshore.
The 342 species collated here suggest a similar high diversity in the Project Area compared to other Indo-Pacific regions (see Schönberg and Fromont 2011). High sponge species diversity has been reported across tropical Australian waters: Carnarvon Basin, WA (261 species, Schönberg and Fromont 2011), Dampier Archipelago, WA (275 species, Fromont et al. 2006), Sunshine Coast, Qld (247 species, Hooper and Kennedy 2002), Swain Reefs, Great Barrier Reef (304 species, Hooper et al. 1999), Wessel Island, NT (315 species, Hooper et al. 2002) and Darwin and Coburg Peninsula, NT
(395 species, Hooper et al. 2002; and 283 species, Przeslawski et al. 2014). Sponge diversity in the Project Area is likely to increase substantially with inshore collecting.
To date, almost two thirds of the known, described sponge species reported from the Kimberley Project Area were widespread Indo-Pacific and almost one third Australian endemics. Six of the 14 endemic species reported offshore were temperate Australian endemics (see Table 5). This is unusual, and the species require further taxonomic study to determine if they are truly this widespread or whether they represent sibling species.
The large number of sponges assigned to cf. or OTU demonstrates the enormous task of documenting these species. Hooper et al. (2013) recognised the need to compile sponge OTUs into an online workspace (www.spongemaps.org) where sponge taxonomists can compare and standardise this interim nomenclature at a national to ocean basin scale (Hall 2013).
Comprehensive sampling of Project Area marine habitats for sponges has only been undertaken offshore. It is anticipated this synthesis will facilitate future surveys in the region, and that current survey work documenting species from inshore locations will assist with filling collection gaps. In the future it is hoped that a more complete picture of sponge distributions and abundances in the Kimberley region will be realised.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Thanks to John Hooper for collecting a significant proportion of the specimens contained in this dataset. Thanks to Stacey Osborne and Albert Miles for databasing the unregistered Kimberley material in WAM collections and for checking taxonomic and spatial information in this dataset. We are also grateful to Holly Winkle for checking the biogeographic coding of the species, and for the technical support provided by Oliver Gomez. Many thanks to Drs John Hooper, Christine Schönberg and Belinda Alvarez for their helpful comments on the manuscript.
REFERENCES
ABRS. (2014). Australian Faunal Directory. Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra. Viewed 06 January 2014. http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/abrs/online-resources/fauna/afd/index.html
Bell, J.J. (2008). The functional roles of marine sponges. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 79: 341–353.
Bell, J.J., Davy, S.K., Jones, T., Taylor, M.W. and Webster, N.S. (2013). Could some coral reefs become sponge reefs as our climate changes? Global Change Biology 19: 2613–2624.
KIMBERLEY MARINE BIOTA. HISTORICAL DATA: SPONGES 77
Bryce, C.W., Hutchins, J.B. and Fromont, J. (1997). Restricted Marine Biological Survey of the ‘Garden Bottom‘ of Beagle Bay. Kimberley, Western Australia. Western Australian Museum: Perth, Western Australia. Unpublished Report.
Costello M.J., Bouchet P., Boxshall G., Fauchald K., Gordon D., Hoeksema, B.W., Poore, G.C.B., van Soest, R.W.M., Stöhr, S. Walter, T.C., Vanhoorne, B., Decock, W. and Appeltans, W. (2013). Global coordination and standardisation in marine biodiversity through the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) and related databases. PLoS ONE 8: e51629.
de Goeij, J.M., van Oevelen, D., Vermeij, M.J.A., Osinga, R., Middelbury, J.J., de Goeij, A.F.P.M. and Admiraal, W. (2013). Surviving in a marine desert: the sponge loop retains resources within coral reefs. Science 342: 108–110.
Department of Environment and Conservation (2009). Protecting the Kimberley. A synthesis of scientific knowledge to support conservation management in the Kimberley region of Western Australia. Department of Environment and Conservat ion: Perth, Western Australia. Unpublished Report.
Evans-Illidge, E.A., Logan, M., Doyle, J., Fromont, J., Battershill, C.N., Ericson, G., Wolff, C.W., Muirhead, A., Kearns, P., Abdo, D., Kininmonth, S. and Llewellyn, L. (2013). Phylogeny drives large scale patterns in Australian marine bioactivity and provides a new chemical ecology rationale for future biodiscovery. PLOS One 8: 1–13.
Fromont, J. (2003). Porifera (Sponges) in the Dampier Archipelago: Taxonomic affinities and biogeography. In: Wells, F.E., Walker, D.I. and Jones, D.S. (eds), The Marine flora and fauna of Dampier: Western Australia. Volume 2: 405–417. Western Australian Museum: Perth.
Fromont, J. (2004). Porifera (Sponges) of the Dampier Archipelago: habitats and distributions. Marine biodiversity of the Dampier Archipelago, Western Australia, 1998–2002. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 66: 69–100.
Fromont, J. Vanderklift, M.A. and Kendrick, G.A. (2006). Marine sponges of the Dampier Archipelago, Western Australia: patterns of species distributions, abundance and diversity. Biodiversity and Conservation 15: 3731–3750.
Fromont, J. and Vanderklift, M.A. (2009). Porifera (sponges) of Mermaid, Scott and Seringapatam Reefs, Western Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 77: 89–104.
Hall, K.A. (2013). SpongeMaps: An Online community for Sponge Taxonomy. www.spongemaps.org
Hooper, J. (1994). Coral reef sponges of the Sahul Shelf – a case for habitat preservation. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 36: 93–106.
Hooper, J.N.A. and Kennedy, J. A. (2002). Small-scale patterns of sponge biodiversity (Porifera) on Sunshine Coast reefs, eastern Australia. Invertebrate Systematics 16: 637–653.
Hooper, J. and Wiedenmayer, F. (1994). Porifera. In: Wells, A. (ed.), Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Volume 12. CSIRO Publishing: Melbourne, Australia.
Hooper, J.N.A., Kennedy, J. A. and Quinn, R.J. (2002). Biodiversity ‘hotspots’, patterns of richness and endemism, and taxonomic affinities of tropical Australian sponges (Porifera). Biodiversity and Conservation 11: 851–885.
Hooper, J.N.A., Kennedy, J. A., List-Armitage, S.E., Cook, S.D., and Quinn, R. (1999). Biodiversity, species composition and distribution of marine sponges in northeast Australia. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 44: 263–274.
Hooper, J.N.A., Hall, K. A., Ekins, M., Erpenbeck, D., Wörheide, G. and Jolley-Rogers, G. (2013). Managing and sharing the escalating number of sponge ‘unknowns‘: the SpongeMaps Project. Integrative and Comparative Biology 53: 473–481.
Keesing, J.K., Irvine, T.R., Alderslade, P., Clapin, G., Fromont, J., Hosie, A.M., Huisman, J.M., Naughton, K.M., Marsh, L.M., Slack-Smith, S.M., Thomson, D.P. and Watson, J.E. (2011). Marine benthic flora and fauna of Gourdon Bay and the Dampier Peninsula in the Kimberley region of north-western Australia. Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia 94: 285–301.
Keesing, J.K., Strzelecki, J., Fromont, J. and Thomson, D. (2013). Sponges as important sources of nitrate on an oligotrophic continental shelf. Limnology and Oceanography 58: 1–12.
McCauley R.D., Riddle M.J., Sorokin S.J., Murphy P.T., Goldsworthy P.M., McKenna A.J., Baker J.T. and Kelley R.A. (1993). AIMS Bioactivity Unit Marine Invertebrate Collection. I: Western Australia. AIMS report no. 8. Australian Institute of Marine Science; Perth, Western Australia.
Przeslawski, R., Alvarez, B., Battershill, C. and Smith, T. (2014). Sponge biodiversity and ecology of the Van Diemen Rise and eastern Joseph Bonaparte Gulf, northern Australia. Hydrobiologia: 1–16.
Pyke, G. and Ehrlich, P. (2010). Biological collections and ecological/environmental research: a review, some observations and a look to the future. Biological Reviews 85: 247–266.
Sampey, A., Bryce, C., Osborne, S. and Miles, A. (2014). Kimberley marine biota. Historical data: introduction and methods. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 84: 19–43.
Schönberg, C.H.L. and Fromont, J. (2011). Sponge gardens of Ningaloo Reef (Carnarvon Shelf, Western Australia) are biodiversity hotspots. Hydrobiologia 687: 143–161.
Spalding, M.D., Fox, H. E., Allen, G.R., Davidson, N., Ferdaña, Z.A., Finlayson, M., Halpern, B.S., Jorge, M.A., Lombana, A., Lourie, S.A., Martin, K.D., Mcmanus, E., Molnar, J., Recchia, C.A. and Robertson, J. (2007). Marine ecoregions of the world: a bioregionalization of coastal and shelf areas. BioScience 57: 573–583.
Van Soest, R.W.M, Boury-Esnault, N., Hooper, J.N.A., Rützler, K., de Voogd, N.J., Alvarez de Glasby, B., Hajdu, E., Pisera, A.B., Manconi, R., Schoenberg, C,; Janussen, D., Tabachnick, K.R., Klautau, M,; Picton, B., Kelly, M., Vacelet, J., Dohrmann, M,; Cristina Díaz, M. and Cárdenas, P. (2014). World Porifera Database. Accessed at http://www.marinespecies.org/porifera on 2014-01-06.
Wood, M. and Mills, D. (2008). A turning of the tide: science for decisions in the Kimberley-Browse marine region. Perth, Western Australia, Western Australian Marine Science Institute: Perth, Western Australia.
MANUSCRIPT RECEIVED 9 JUNE 2014; ACCEPTED 12 SEPTEMBER 2014
78 J. FROMONT AND A. SAMPEY
APPE
NDI
X 1
All
spon
ge ta
xa in
clud
ed in
the
Proj
ect A
rea
data
set,
incl
udin
g kn
own
spec
ies,
thos
e id
entifi
ed to
cf.
and
thos
e w
ith a
uni
que
OTU
.
Offs
hore
Ato
llsKi
mbe
rley
Coas
t
Taxa
Ashmore Reef
Cartier Island
Hibernia Reef
Scott Reef
Seringapatam Reef
Clerke Reef
Mermaid Reef
Beagle Bay
Broome
Cape Latouche Treville
Cape Leveque
Champagny Island
Cockatoo Island
Colbert Island
Cone Bay
Eclipse Shoals
Fenelon Island
George Water
Gibbings Island
Gourdon Bay
Green Island
Grey Shoal
Heritage Reef
Jamieson Reef
King Sound
Lacepede Islands
Lord Mayor Shoal
Packer Island
Pender Bay
Quondong Point
Talboys Rock
Tangier Shoals
Vansittart Bay
CA
LCA
REA
Cal
care
a sp
. NW
1 1
Cal
care
a sp
. NW
2 1
1C
alca
rea
sp. N
W3
11
Ord
er: C
lath
rini
daFa
mil
y: L
euce
ttid
aeLe
ucet
ta s
p. N
W1
11
Peri
char
ax h
eter
orap
his P
oléj
aeff,
188
31
11
11
1
Fam
ily:
Sol
enei
scid
aeD
endy
a sp
. 776
1
HO
MO
SCLE
RO
MO
RPH
AO
rder
: Hom
oscl
erop
hori
daFa
mil
y: P
laki
nida
eC
ortic
ium
sp.
2
1Pl
akin
a sp
. NW
1 1
Plak
inas
trel
la m
amm
illar
is L
ende
nfel
d, 1
907
1Pl
akor
tis c
omm
unis
Mur
icy,
201
01
Plak
ortis
nig
ra L
évi,
1953
11
11
11
Plak
ortis
sp.
NW
1 1
Plak
ortis
sp.
NW
2 1
1
DEM
OSP
ON
GIA
EO
rder
: Spi
roph
orid
aFa
mil
y: T
etil
lida
eC
inac
hyra
sp.
11
1C
inac
hyra
sp.
12
1C
inac
hyra
sp.
13
1
KIMBERLEY MARINE BIOTA. HISTORICAL DATA: SPONGES 79
Offs
hore
Ato
llsKi
mbe
rley
Coas
t
Taxa
Ashmore Reef
Cartier Island
Hibernia Reef
Scott Reef
Seringapatam Reef
Clerke Reef
Mermaid Reef
Beagle Bay
Broome
Cape Latouche Treville
Cape Leveque
Champagny Island
Cockatoo Island
Colbert Island
Cone Bay
Eclipse Shoals
Fenelon Island
George Water
Gibbings Island
Gourdon Bay
Green Island
Grey Shoal
Heritage Reef
Jamieson Reef
King Sound
Lacepede Islands
Lord Mayor Shoal
Packer Island
Pender Bay
Quondong Point
Talboys Rock
Tangier Shoals
Vansittart Bay
Cin
achy
ra s
p. 1
4 1
Cin
achy
ra s
p. 2
1 1
Cin
achy
ra s
p. 7
b 1
Cin
achy
ra s
p. K
1 1
Cin
achy
rella
sp.
333
1
1C
inac
hyre
lla a
ustr
alie
nsis
(Car
ter,
1886
)1
11
Cin
achy
rella
enig
mat
ica
(Bur
ton,
193
4)1
Cin
achy
rella
schu
lzei
(Kel
ler,
1891
)1
1C
inac
hyre
lla ta
rent
ina
(Pul
itzer
-Fin
ali,
1983
)1
11
Cin
achy
rella
? sp
. K1
1C
rani
ella
sp.
110
5 1
Cra
niel
la s
p. 4
02
1C
rani
ella
sp.
NW
1 1
Para
tetil
la s
p. N
W1
11
Tetil
la s
p. B
B11
Tetil
la s
p. 3
1
1
Ord
er: A
stro
phor
ida
Fam
ily:
Anc
orin
idae
Anc
orin
a sp
. 797
1
Dis
yrin
ga d
issi
mili
s cf.
(Rid
ley,
188
4)1
Jasp
is s
p. 1
093
1Ja
spis
sp.
NW
1 1
Mel
ophl
us sa
rasi
noru
m T
hiel
e, 1
899
11
1M
elop
hlus
sp.
109
1 1
1R
habd
astr
ella
glo
bost
ella
ta (C
arte
r, 18
83)
11
Stel
lett
a cl
avos
a R
idle
y, 1
884
11
Stel
lett
a sp
. 100
5 1
Stel
lett
a sp
. 13
11
1St
elle
tta
sple
nden
s Tan
ita, 1
965
11
11
80 J. FROMONT AND A. SAMPEY
Offs
hore
Ato
llsKi
mbe
rley
Coas
t
Taxa
Ashmore Reef
Cartier Island
Hibernia Reef
Scott Reef
Seringapatam Reef
Clerke Reef
Mermaid Reef
Beagle Bay
Broome
Cape Latouche Treville
Cape Leveque
Champagny Island
Cockatoo Island
Colbert Island
Cone Bay
Eclipse Shoals
Fenelon Island
George Water
Gibbings Island
Gourdon Bay
Green Island
Grey Shoal
Heritage Reef
Jamieson Reef
King Sound
Lacepede Islands
Lord Mayor Shoal
Packer Island
Pender Bay
Quondong Point
Talboys Rock
Tangier Shoals
Vansittart Bay
Fam
ily:
Geo
diid
aeEr
ylus
am
issu
s cf.
Ada
ms
& H
oope
r, 20
011
Eryl
us le
nden
feld
i cf.
Solla
s, 1
888
1G
eodi
a sp
.1
Fam
ily:
Pac
hast
rell
idae
Brac
hias
ter s
p. 1
Wils
on, 1
925
1
Ord
er: H
adro
mer
ida
Fam
ily:
Cli
onai
dae
Clio
na s
p. 1
7 1
Clio
na c
elat
a G
rant
, 182
61
1C
liona
dis
sim
ilis R
idle
y &
Den
dy, 1
886
11
11
Clio
na o
rien
talis
Thi
ele,
190
01
11
1C
liona
sp.
8
1C
liona
sp.
K1
1C
liona
sp.
NW
1 1
1C
liona
tinc
tori
a cf
. Sch
önbe
rg, 2
000
1Pi
one 2
781
1Pi
one 2
782
1Pi
one l
ampa
(de
Laub
enfe
ls, 1
950)
1Pi
one v
elan
s Hen
tsch
el, 1
909
11
11
Sphe
cios
pong
ia p
apill
osa
Rid
ley
& D
endy
, 188
61
Sphe
cios
pong
ia s
p. K
1 1
11
Sphe
cios
pong
ia s
p. K
2 1
11
Sphe
cios
pong
ia s
p. K
3 1
Sphe
cios
pong
ia v
agab
unda
(Rid
ley,
188
4)1
11
Fam
ily:
Hem
iast
erel
lida
eA
xos fl
abel
lifor
mis
Car
ter,
1879
11
1H
emia
ster
ella
109
7 1
KIMBERLEY MARINE BIOTA. HISTORICAL DATA: SPONGES 81
Offs
hore
Ato
llsKi
mbe
rley
Coas
t
Taxa
Ashmore Reef
Cartier Island
Hibernia Reef
Scott Reef
Seringapatam Reef
Clerke Reef
Mermaid Reef
Beagle Bay
Broome
Cape Latouche Treville
Cape Leveque
Champagny Island
Cockatoo Island
Colbert Island
Cone Bay
Eclipse Shoals
Fenelon Island
George Water
Gibbings Island
Gourdon Bay
Green Island
Grey Shoal
Heritage Reef
Jamieson Reef
King Sound
Lacepede Islands
Lord Mayor Shoal
Packer Island
Pender Bay
Quondong Point
Talboys Rock
Tangier Shoals
Vansittart Bay
Fam
ily:
Pla
cosp
ongi
idae
Plac
ospo
ngia
sp.
599
1
Plac
ospo
ngia
mel
obes
ioid
es c
f. G
ray,
186
71
Fam
ily:
Spi
rast
rell
idae
Spir
astr
ella
sp.
WA
1 1
Fam
ily:
Sub
erit
idae
Aap
tos a
apto
s (Sc
hmid
t, 18
64)
11
Sube
rite
s sp.
634
1
Sube
rite
s sp.
WA
1 1
Fam
ily:
Tet
hyid
aeA
ntho
teth
ya fr
omon
tae S
ara
& S
ara,
200
21
11
Teth
ya s
p. 9
39
1Te
thya
sp.
NW
1 1
Ord
er: C
hond
rosi
daFa
mil
y: C
hond
rill
idae
Cho
ndri
lla a
ustr
alie
nsis
Car
ter,
1873
11
Cho
ndro
sia
sp. 1
083
1
Fam
ily:
Hal
isar
cida
eH
alis
arca
duj
ardi
ni Jo
hnst
on, 1
842
1
Ord
er: L
ithi
stid
aFa
mil
y: T
heon
elli
dae
Dis
code
rmia
dis
cife
ra (L
ende
nfel
d, 1
907)
11
Theo
nella
cyl
indr
ica
Wils
on, 1
925
11
Theo
nella
levi
or L
ende
nfel
d, 1
907
1Th
eone
lla sw
inho
ei G
ray,
186
81
1
82 J. FROMONT AND A. SAMPEY
Offs
hore
Ato
llsKi
mbe
rley
Coas
t
Taxa
Ashmore Reef
Cartier Island
Hibernia Reef
Scott Reef
Seringapatam Reef
Clerke Reef
Mermaid Reef
Beagle Bay
Broome
Cape Latouche Treville
Cape Leveque
Champagny Island
Cockatoo Island
Colbert Island
Cone Bay
Eclipse Shoals
Fenelon Island
George Water
Gibbings Island
Gourdon Bay
Green Island
Grey Shoal
Heritage Reef
Jamieson Reef
King Sound
Lacepede Islands
Lord Mayor Shoal
Packer Island
Pender Bay
Quondong Point
Talboys Rock
Tangier Shoals
Vansittart Bay
Ord
er: H
alic
hond
rida
Fam
ily:
Axi
nell
idae
Axi
nella
sp.
108
9 1
Axi
nella
sp.
774
1
Axi
nella
aru
ensi
s (H
ents
chel
, 191
2)1
1A
xine
lla la
byri
nthi
ca D
endy
, 188
91
Axi
nella
sp.
BB1
1A
xine
lla s
p. K
1 1
Axi
nella
sp.
K2
1A
xine
lla s
p. K
3 1
Axi
nella
sp.
K4
11
1A
xine
lla s
p. K
5 1
Axi
nella
sp.
NW
1 1
1A
xine
lla s
p. N
W2
1A
xine
lla s
p. N
W3
1C
ymba
stel
a sp
. K1
1C
ymba
stel
a st
ipita
ta
(Ber
gqui
st &
Tiz
ard,
196
7)1
Cym
bast
ela
vesp
ertin
a cf
. H
oope
r & B
ergq
uist
, 199
21
11
Cym
bast
ela
sp. B
B11
Dra
gmac
idon
aus
tral
e (Be
rgqu
ist,
1970
)1
Dra
gmac
idon
dur
issi
mum
(Den
dy, 1
905)
1Ph
akel
lia s
p. B
B11
Phak
ellia
sp.
K1
1R
enio
chal
ina
sp. 1
1
11
Ren
ioch
alin
a sp
. 2
11
11
Ren
ioch
alin
a st
alag
miti
s Len
denf
eld,
188
81
11
11
1
KIMBERLEY MARINE BIOTA. HISTORICAL DATA: SPONGES 83
Offs
hore
Ato
llsKi
mbe
rley
Coas
t
Taxa
Ashmore Reef
Cartier Island
Hibernia Reef
Scott Reef
Seringapatam Reef
Clerke Reef
Mermaid Reef
Beagle Bay
Broome
Cape Latouche Treville
Cape Leveque
Champagny Island
Cockatoo Island
Colbert Island
Cone Bay
Eclipse Shoals
Fenelon Island
George Water
Gibbings Island
Gourdon Bay
Green Island
Grey Shoal
Heritage Reef
Jamieson Reef
King Sound
Lacepede Islands
Lord Mayor Shoal
Packer Island
Pender Bay
Quondong Point
Talboys Rock
Tangier Shoals
Vansittart Bay
Fam
ily:
Des
mox
yida
eH
iggi
nsia
sp.
105
9 1
Hig
gins
ia m
ixta
cf.
Hen
tsch
el, 1
912
1H
iggi
nsia
scab
ra W
hite
legg
e, 1
907
11
Hig
gins
ia s
p. K
1 1
Fam
ily:
Dic
tyon
elli
dae
Aca
nthe
lla c
aver
nosa
Den
dy, 1
922
11
1A
cant
hella
den
dyi (
Berg
quis
t, 19
70)
11
Aca
nthe
lla p
ulch
erri
ma
Rid
ley
& D
endy
, 188
61
1Ph
aket
tia eu
ctim
ena
(Hen
tsch
el, 1
912)
1St
ylis
sa c
arte
ri (D
endy
, 188
9)1
11
11
1St
ylis
sa c
onul
osa
(Den
dy, 1
922)
11
Styl
issa
flab
ellif
orm
is (H
ents
chel
, 191
2)1
Styl
issa
mas
sa (C
arte
r, 18
87)
11
Fam
ily:
Hal
icho
ndri
idae
Axi
nyss
a sp
.?
1C
ioca
lypt
a sp
. BB1
1C
ioca
lypt
a sp
. SS3
1
11
Epip
olas
is s
p. 7
99
1H
alic
hond
ria
(Hal
icho
ndri
a) 1
101
1H
alic
hond
ria
(Hal
icho
ndri
a) 7
78
11
Hal
icho
ndri
a (H
alic
hond
ria)
786
1
Hal
icho
ndri
a (H
alic
hond
ria)
802
1
Hal
icho
ndri
a (H
alic
hond
ria)
805
1
Hal
icho
ndri
a (H
alic
hond
ria)
sp.
K1
11
Hal
icho
ndri
a sp
. NW
1 1
1H
alic
hond
ria
sp. N
W2
11
Hal
icho
ndri
a sp
. NW
3 1
1
84 J. FROMONT AND A. SAMPEY
Offs
hore
Ato
llsKi
mbe
rley
Coas
t
Taxa
Ashmore Reef
Cartier Island
Hibernia Reef
Scott Reef
Seringapatam Reef
Clerke Reef
Mermaid Reef
Beagle Bay
Broome
Cape Latouche Treville
Cape Leveque
Champagny Island
Cockatoo Island
Colbert Island
Cone Bay
Eclipse Shoals
Fenelon Island
George Water
Gibbings Island
Gourdon Bay
Green Island
Grey Shoal
Heritage Reef
Jamieson Reef
King Sound
Lacepede Islands
Lord Mayor Shoal
Packer Island
Pender Bay
Quondong Point
Talboys Rock
Tangier Shoals
Vansittart Bay
Hal
icho
ndri
a sp
. NW
4 1
Hal
icho
ndri
a sp
. NW
5 1
Hym
enia
cido
n sp
. NW
1 1
Hym
enia
cido
n sp
. NW
2 1
Hal
icho
ndri
da s
p. N
W3
1
Fam
ily:
Het
erox
yida
eD
idis
cus a
cera
tus (
Rid
ley
& D
endy
, 188
6)1
Myr
mek
iode
rma
sp. 1
092
1M
yrm
ekio
derm
a gr
anul
atum
(Esp
er, 1
794)
11
11
1M
yrm
ekio
derm
a ni
veum
(Row
, 191
1)1
Ord
er: P
oeci
oscl
erid
aFa
mil
y: A
carn
idae
Aca
rnus
tern
atus
Rid
ley,
188
41
Zyz
zya
cric
eta
cf. S
chön
berg
, 200
01
Zyz
zya
fulig
inos
a cf
. (C
arte
r, 18
79)
1
Fam
ily:
Cho
ndro
psid
aeBa
tzel
la s
p. 1
096
1C
hond
rops
is s
p. N
W1
11
Cho
ndro
psis
sp.
NW
2 1
Cho
ndro
psis
sp.
NW
3 1
1
Fam
ily:
Cra
mbe
idae
Mon
anch
ora
ungu
icul
ata
(Den
dy, 1
922)
11
1
Fam
ily:
Cre
llid
aeC
rella
(Yve
sia)
spin
ulat
a (H
ents
chel
, 191
1)1
Fam
ily:
Des
mac
elli
dae
Biem
na s
p. 7
93
1Bi
emna
fort
is c
f. (T
opse
nt, 1
897)
1Bi
emna
sp.
NW
1 1
1
KIMBERLEY MARINE BIOTA. HISTORICAL DATA: SPONGES 85
Offs
hore
Ato
llsKi
mbe
rley
Coas
t
Taxa
Ashmore Reef
Cartier Island
Hibernia Reef
Scott Reef
Seringapatam Reef
Clerke Reef
Mermaid Reef
Beagle Bay
Broome
Cape Latouche Treville
Cape Leveque
Champagny Island
Cockatoo Island
Colbert Island
Cone Bay
Eclipse Shoals
Fenelon Island
George Water
Gibbings Island
Gourdon Bay
Green Island
Grey Shoal
Heritage Reef
Jamieson Reef
King Sound
Lacepede Islands
Lord Mayor Shoal
Packer Island
Pender Bay
Quondong Point
Talboys Rock
Tangier Shoals
Vansittart Bay
Biem
na s
p. N
W2
1D
esm
apsa
mm
a sp
. 800
1
1
Fam
ily:
Hym
edes
mii
dae
Hym
edes
mia
(Hym
edes
mia
) sp.
109
8 1
Fam
ily:
Iotr
ocho
tida
eIo
troc
hota
bac
ulife
ra R
idle
y, 1
884
11
11
1Io
troc
hota
coc
cine
a (C
arte
r, 18
86)
11
Iotr
ocho
ta c
occi
nea
cf. (
Car
ter,
1886
)1
1
Fam
ily:
Isod
icty
idae
Coe
loca
rter
ia si
ngap
oren
sis c
f. (C
arte
r, 18
83)
1
Fam
ily:
Mic
roci
onid
aeA
ntho
(Aca
rnia
) rid
leyi
(Hen
tsch
el, 1
912)
1C
lath
ria
(Mic
roci
ona)
ace
rato
obtu
sa
(Car
ter,
1887
)1
1
Cla
thri
a (T
haly
sias
) abi
etin
a (L
amar
ck, 1
814)
11
Cla
thri
a (T
haly
sias
) cac
tifor
mis
(L
amar
ck, 1
814)
1
Cla
thri
a (T
haly
sias
) cer
vico
rnis
cf.
(T
hiel
e, 1
903)
1
Cla
thri
a (T
haly
sias
) cop
ping
eri R
idle
y, 1
884
1C
lath
ria
(Tha
lysi
as) l
ende
nfel
di
Rid
ley
& D
endy
, 188
61
1
Cla
thri
a (T
haly
sias
) rei
nwar
dti V
osm
aer,
1880
11
1C
lath
ria
(Tha
lysi
as) t
inge
ns H
oope
r, 19
961
Cla
thri
a (T
haly
sias
) tox
ifera
(Hen
tsch
el, 1
912)
11
Cla
thri
a sp
. NW
1 1
Cla
thri
a sp
. NW
2 1
Cla
thri
a sp
. NW
3 1
86 J. FROMONT AND A. SAMPEY
Offs
hore
Ato
llsKi
mbe
rley
Coas
t
Taxa
Ashmore Reef
Cartier Island
Hibernia Reef
Scott Reef
Seringapatam Reef
Clerke Reef
Mermaid Reef
Beagle Bay
Broome
Cape Latouche Treville
Cape Leveque
Champagny Island
Cockatoo Island
Colbert Island
Cone Bay
Eclipse Shoals
Fenelon Island
George Water
Gibbings Island
Gourdon Bay
Green Island
Grey Shoal
Heritage Reef
Jamieson Reef
King Sound
Lacepede Islands
Lord Mayor Shoal
Packer Island
Pender Bay
Quondong Point
Talboys Rock
Tangier Shoals
Vansittart Bay
Echi
noch
alin
a (E
chin
ocha
lina)
inte
rmed
ia c
f. (W
hite
legg
e, 1
902)
1
Echi
noch
alin
a (E
chin
ocha
lina)
sp.
K1
1Ec
hino
chal
ina
sp. B
B11
Echi
noch
alin
a sp
. NW
1 1
Echi
nocl
athr
ia s
p. N
W1
1
Fam
ily:
Myc
alid
aeM
ycal
e (A
reno
chal
ina)
sp.
795
1
Myc
ale (
Car
mia
) sp.
239
1
Myc
ale s
p. N
W1
1
Fam
ily:
Ras
pail
iida
eEc
hino
dict
yum
canc
ella
tum
(Lam
arck
, 181
4)1
11
Echi
nodi
ctyu
m cl
athr
ioid
es H
ents
chel
, 191
11
11
Echi
nodi
ctyu
m m
esen
teri
num
(Lam
arck
, 181
4)1
11
Ecty
opla
sia
tabu
la (L
amar
ck, 1
814)
11
11
11
Ecty
opla
sia
vann
us H
oope
r, 19
911
Ras
paili
a (C
lath
riod
endr
on) m
elan
orho
ps
Hoo
per,
1991
1
Ras
paili
a (P
aras
yrin
gella
) cl
athr
ata
cf. R
idle
y , 1
884
1
Ras
paili
a (P
aras
yrin
gella
) nu
da c
f. H
ents
chel
, 191
11
Ras
paili
a (R
aspa
ilia)
pha
kello
psis
Hoo
per,
1991
1R
aspa
ilia
(Ras
paili
a) v
estig
ifera
Den
dy, 1
896
1R
aspa
ilia
(Ras
paxi
llla)
sp.
BB1
1Th
rina
coph
ora
cerv
icor
nis c
f.
Rid
ley
& D
endy
, 188
61
1
Trik
entr
ion
flabe
llifo
rme C
arte
r, 18
821
1
KIMBERLEY MARINE BIOTA. HISTORICAL DATA: SPONGES 87
Offs
hore
Ato
llsKi
mbe
rley
Coas
t
Taxa
Ashmore Reef
Cartier Island
Hibernia Reef
Scott Reef
Seringapatam Reef
Clerke Reef
Mermaid Reef
Beagle Bay
Broome
Cape Latouche Treville
Cape Leveque
Champagny Island
Cockatoo Island
Colbert Island
Cone Bay
Eclipse Shoals
Fenelon Island
George Water
Gibbings Island
Gourdon Bay
Green Island
Grey Shoal
Heritage Reef
Jamieson Reef
King Sound
Lacepede Islands
Lord Mayor Shoal
Packer Island
Pender Bay
Quondong Point
Talboys Rock
Tangier Shoals
Vansittart Bay
Fam
ily:
Rha
bder
emii
dea
Rha
bder
emia
indi
ca c
f. D
endy
, 190
51
Fam
ily:
Ted
anii
dae
Teda
nia
(Ted
ania
) anh
elan
s cf.
(L
iebe
rküh
n, 1
859)
1
Ord
er: A
gela
sida
Fam
ily:
Age
lasi
dae
Age
las m
auri
tiana
(Car
ter,
1883
)1
11
1
Fam
ily:
Ast
rosc
leri
dae
Ast
rosc
lera
will
eyan
a Li
ster
, 190
01
1
Ord
er: H
aplo
scle
rida
Fam
ily:
Cal
lysp
ongi
idae
Are
nosc
lera
sp.
K1
1C
ally
spon
gia
(Cal
lysp
ongi
a) 1
02
1C
ally
spon
gia
(Cal
lysp
ongi
a) 7
55
1C
ally
spon
gia
(Cal
lysp
ongi
a) 7
91
1C
ally
spon
gia
(Cal
lysp
ongi
a) 8
03
1C
ally
spon
gia
(Cal
lysp
ongi
a) 9
38
1C
ally
spon
gia
(Cal
lysp
ongi
a) c
onfo
eder
ata
(Rid
ley,
188
4)1
Cal
lysp
ongi
a (C
ally
spon
gia)
sp.
K1
11
Cal
lysp
ongi
a (C
lado
chal
ina)
cf.
aeri
zusa
D
esqu
eyro
ux-F
aúnd
ez, 1
984
11
1
Cal
lysp
ongi
a (T
oxoc
halin
a) sc
hulz
ei
(Kie
schn
ick,
190
0)1
Cal
lysp
ongi
a (T
oxoc
halin
a) s
p. K
1 1
1C
ally
spon
gia
sp. N
W1
1C
ally
spon
gia
sp. N
W2
1
88 J. FROMONT AND A. SAMPEY
Offs
hore
Ato
llsKi
mbe
rley
Coas
t
Taxa
Ashmore Reef
Cartier Island
Hibernia Reef
Scott Reef
Seringapatam Reef
Clerke Reef
Mermaid Reef
Beagle Bay
Broome
Cape Latouche Treville
Cape Leveque
Champagny Island
Cockatoo Island
Colbert Island
Cone Bay
Eclipse Shoals
Fenelon Island
George Water
Gibbings Island
Gourdon Bay
Green Island
Grey Shoal
Heritage Reef
Jamieson Reef
King Sound
Lacepede Islands
Lord Mayor Shoal
Packer Island
Pender Bay
Quondong Point
Talboys Rock
Tangier Shoals
Vansittart Bay
Cal
lysp
ongi
a sp
. NW
3 1
Cal
lysp
ongi
a sp
. NW
4 1
Cal
lysp
ongi
a sp
. NW
5 1
Cal
lysp
ongi
a sp
. NW
6 1
Fam
ily:
Cha
lini
dae
Cha
linul
a co
nfus
a (D
endy
, 192
2)1
Hal
iclo
na (G
elliu
s) a
mbo
inen
sis (
Lévi
, 196
1)1
1H
alic
lona
(Gel
lius)
cym
aefo
rmis
(Esp
er, 1
794)
11
11
1H
alic
lona
(Hal
iclo
na) s
p. 1
022
1H
alic
lona
(Hal
iclo
na) s
p. 3
84
11
Hal
iclo
na (H
alic
lona
) sp.
945
1
Hal
iclo
na (R
enie
ra) s
p. 7
89
1H
alic
lona
(Ren
iera
) sp.
801
1
Hal
iclo
na (R
enie
ra) s
p. N
W2
11
Hal
iclo
na (R
enie
ra) s
p. N
W6
1H
alic
lona
(Ren
iera
) sp.
NW
7 1
Hal
iclo
na (R
enie
ra) s
p. N
W8
1H
alic
lona
kor
emel
la d
e La
uben
fels
, 195
41
Hal
iclo
na s
p. N
W1
1H
alic
lona
sp.
NW
10
1H
alic
lona
sp.
NW
3 1
Hal
iclo
na s
p. N
W4
11
Hal
iclo
na s
p. N
W5
11
Hal
iclo
na s
p. N
W9
1H
alic
lona
vio
la c
f. H
oshi
no, 1
981
1
Fam
ily:
Nip
hati
dae
Am
phim
edon
lam
ella
ta F
rom
ont,
1993
11
Am
phim
edon
par
avir
idis
Fro
mon
t, 19
931
KIMBERLEY MARINE BIOTA. HISTORICAL DATA: SPONGES 89
Offs
hore
Ato
llsKi
mbe
rley
Coas
t
Taxa
Ashmore Reef
Cartier Island
Hibernia Reef
Scott Reef
Seringapatam Reef
Clerke Reef
Mermaid Reef
Beagle Bay
Broome
Cape Latouche Treville
Cape Leveque
Champagny Island
Cockatoo Island
Colbert Island
Cone Bay
Eclipse Shoals
Fenelon Island
George Water
Gibbings Island
Gourdon Bay
Green Island
Grey Shoal
Heritage Reef
Jamieson Reef
King Sound
Lacepede Islands
Lord Mayor Shoal
Packer Island
Pender Bay
Quondong Point
Talboys Rock
Tangier Shoals
Vansittart Bay
Am
phim
edon
sp.
881
1
Am
phim
edon
sp.
NW
1 1
1C
ribr
ocha
lina
sp. 7
92
11
Gel
liode
s sp.
555
1
Gel
liode
s sp.
619
1
Gel
liode
s sp.
777
1
Gel
liode
s fibu
lata
(Car
ter,
1881
)1
11
11
1G
ellio
des s
p. B
B11
Nip
hate
s niti
da c
f. Fr
omon
t, 19
931
Nip
hate
s ole
mda
(de
Laub
enfe
ls, 1
954)
1N
ipha
tes s
p. N
W1
11
1N
ipha
tes s
p. N
W3
1N
ipha
tes s
p. N
W4
1N
ipha
tes s
p. N
W5
1
Fam
ily:
Pet
rosi
idae
Aca
ntho
stro
ngyl
opho
ra a
shm
oric
a
Hoo
per,
1984
1
Neo
petr
osia
exig
ua (K
irkp
atri
ck, 1
900)
11
11
11
Petr
osia
(Pet
rosi
a) s
p. 1
095
1Pe
tros
ia (P
etro
sia)
sp.
110
3 1
Petr
osia
(Pet
rosi
a) s
p. 1
13
1Pe
tros
ia (P
etro
sia)
nig
rica
ns L
indg
ren,
189
71
11
Petr
osia
(Str
ongy
loph
ora)
du
riss
ima
cf. (
Den
dy, 1
905)
11
1
Petr
osia
(Str
ongy
loph
ora)
sp.
NW
1 1
1Pe
tros
ia (S
tron
gylo
phor
a) s
p. N
W2
11
Petr
osia
(Str
ongy
loph
ora)
stro
ngyl
ata
cf
. Thi
ele,
190
31
1
90 J. FROMONT AND A. SAMPEY
Offs
hore
Ato
llsKi
mbe
rley
Coas
t
Taxa
Ashmore Reef
Cartier Island
Hibernia Reef
Scott Reef
Seringapatam Reef
Clerke Reef
Mermaid Reef
Beagle Bay
Broome
Cape Latouche Treville
Cape Leveque
Champagny Island
Cockatoo Island
Colbert Island
Cone Bay
Eclipse Shoals
Fenelon Island
George Water
Gibbings Island
Gourdon Bay
Green Island
Grey Shoal
Heritage Reef
Jamieson Reef
King Sound
Lacepede Islands
Lord Mayor Shoal
Packer Island
Pender Bay
Quondong Point
Talboys Rock
Tangier Shoals
Vansittart Bay
Petr
osia
(Str
ongy
loph
ora)
stro
ngyl
ata
Th
iele
, 190
31
Petr
osia
sp.
NW
3 1
1Pe
tros
ia s
p. N
W4
1Pe
tros
ia s
p. N
W5
1Pe
tros
ia s
p. N
W6
1X
esto
spon
gia
berg
quis
tia c
f. Fr
omon
t, 19
911
11
Xes
tosp
ongi
a sp
. NW
1 1
Xes
tosp
ongi
a sp
. NW
2 1
Xes
tosp
ongi
a te
stud
inar
ia (L
amar
ck, 1
815)
11
11
11
11
Fam
ily:
Phl
oeod
icty
idae
Siph
onod
icty
on m
ucos
um B
ergq
uist
, 196
51
Siph
onod
icty
on p
arat
ypic
um c
f. (F
rom
ont,
1993
)1
Siph
onod
icty
on s
p. 1
102
1Si
phon
odic
tyon
sp.
332
1
Siph
onod
icty
on s
p. K
1 1
Siph
onod
icty
on s
p. K
2 1
1Si
phon
odic
tyon
sp.
NW
1 1
Siph
onod
icty
on s
p. N
W2
1O
cean
apia
am
boin
ensi
s Top
sent
, 189
71
11
Oce
anap
ia m
acro
toxa
(Hoo
per,
1984
)1
11
Oce
anap
ia ra
msa
yi L
ende
nfel
d, 1
888
1O
cean
apia
sp.
NW
1 1
Ord
er: D
icty
ocer
atid
aFa
mil
y:D
ysid
eida
eD
ysid
ea s
p. 1
11
1D
ysid
ea a
rena
ria
Berg
quis
t, 19
651
1D
ysid
ea g
ranu
losa
Ber
gqui
st, 1
965
1D
ysid
ea g
ranu
losa
cf.
Berg
quis
t, 19
651
1
KIMBERLEY MARINE BIOTA. HISTORICAL DATA: SPONGES 91
Offs
hore
Ato
llsKi
mbe
rley
Coas
t
Taxa
Ashmore Reef
Cartier Island
Hibernia Reef
Scott Reef
Seringapatam Reef
Clerke Reef
Mermaid Reef
Beagle Bay
Broome
Cape Latouche Treville
Cape Leveque
Champagny Island
Cockatoo Island
Colbert Island
Cone Bay
Eclipse Shoals
Fenelon Island
George Water
Gibbings Island
Gourdon Bay
Green Island
Grey Shoal
Heritage Reef
Jamieson Reef
King Sound
Lacepede Islands
Lord Mayor Shoal
Packer Island
Pender Bay
Quondong Point
Talboys Rock
Tangier Shoals
Vansittart Bay
Dys
idea
sp.
NW
1 1
Dys
idea
sp.
NW
3 1
Dys
idea
sp.
NW
4 1
1D
ysid
ea s
p. N
W5
11
Eury
spon
gia
delic
atul
a cf
. Ber
quis
t, 19
951
Lam
ello
dysi
dea
herb
acea
(Kel
ler,
1889
)1
11
11
11
Fam
ily:
Irci
niid
aeIr
cini
a sp
. 1
1Ir
cini
a ra
mos
a cf
. (K
elle
r, 18
89)
1Ir
cini
a sp
. NW
1 1
1Ir
cini
a sp
. NW
2 1
Psam
moc
inia
sp.
2
1Sa
rcot
ragu
s sp.
1
1Sa
rcot
ragu
s sp.
NW
1 1
1Sa
rcot
ragu
s sp.
SS8
1
11
11
1
Fam
ily:
Spo
ngii
dae
Hip
posp
ongi
a sp
. 27
1H
ippo
spon
gia
sp. 6
1
Hip
posp
ongi
a sp
. NW
1 1
Hip
posp
ongi
a sp
. SS1
1
Hya
ttel
la in
test
inal
is (L
amar
ck, 1
814)
1Sp
ongi
a (S
pong
ia) a
ustr
alis
cf. B
ergq
uist
, 199
51
Spon
gia
sp. 1
5 1
Spon
gia
sp. N
W1
1
Fam
ily:
Tho
rect
idae
Apl
ysin
opsi
s ele
gans
Len
denf
eld,
188
81
Cac
ospo
ngia
sp.
NW
1 1
Car
teri
ospo
ngia
flab
ellif
era
(B
ower
bank
, 187
7)1
1
92 J. FROMONT AND A. SAMPEY
Offs
hore
Ato
llsKi
mbe
rley
Coas
t
Taxa
Ashmore Reef
Cartier Island
Hibernia Reef
Scott Reef
Seringapatam Reef
Clerke Reef
Mermaid Reef
Beagle Bay
Broome
Cape Latouche Treville
Cape Leveque
Champagny Island
Cockatoo Island
Colbert Island
Cone Bay
Eclipse Shoals
Fenelon Island
George Water
Gibbings Island
Gourdon Bay
Green Island
Grey Shoal
Heritage Reef
Jamieson Reef
King Sound
Lacepede Islands
Lord Mayor Shoal
Packer Island
Pender Bay
Quondong Point
Talboys Rock
Tangier Shoals
Vansittart Bay
Car
terio
spon
gia
folia
scen
s (Pa
llas,
1766
)1
11
Dac
tylo
spon
gia
elega
ns (T
hiel
e, 1
899)
11
11
Dac
tylo
spon
gia
sp. N
W1
1Fa
scap
lysin
opsis
retic
ulat
a (H
ents
chel
, 191
2)1
1Fa
scio
spon
gia
sp. 1
1
Hyr
tios e
rect
us (K
elle
r, 18
89)
11
11
Hyr
tios s
p. N
W1
1Lu
ffarie
lla sp
. 804
1
Luffa
riella
sp. K
1 1
Phyl
losp
ongi
a pa
pyra
cea
(Esp
er, 1
794)
11
11
Thor
ecta
sp. 1
1 1
Thor
ecta
sp. K
1 1
11
Thor
ecta
ndra
sp. 1
1
Ord
er: D
endr
ocer
atid
aFa
mil
y: D
arw
inel
lida
eC
helo
napl
ysill
a sp
. NW
1 1
Che
lona
plys
illa
sp. N
W2
1
Fam
ily:
Dic
tyod
endr
illi
dae
Dic
tyod
endr
illa
sp. 3
62
1D
icty
oden
drill
a sp
. NW
1 1
Ord
er: V
eron
gida
Ver
ongi
da s
p. N
W1
1
Fam
ily:
Apl
ysin
elli
dae
Sube
rea
iant
helli
form
is (L
ende
nfel
d, 1
888)
11
Sube
rea
labo
utei
cf.
Berg
quis
t, 19
951
Sube
rea
sp. N
W1
1
KIMBERLEY MARINE BIOTA. HISTORICAL DATA: SPONGES 93
Offs
hore
Ato
llsKi
mbe
rley
Coas
t
Taxa
Ashmore Reef
Cartier Island
Hibernia Reef
Scott Reef
Seringapatam Reef
Clerke Reef
Mermaid Reef
Beagle Bay
Broome
Cape Latouche Treville
Cape Leveque
Champagny Island
Cockatoo Island
Colbert Island
Cone Bay
Eclipse Shoals
Fenelon Island
George Water
Gibbings Island
Gourdon Bay
Green Island
Grey Shoal
Heritage Reef
Jamieson Reef
King Sound
Lacepede Islands
Lord Mayor Shoal
Packer Island
Pender Bay
Quondong Point
Talboys Rock
Tangier Shoals
Vansittart Bay
Fam
ily:
Apl
ysin
idae
Apl
ysin
a sp
. 125
1
Apl
ysin
a sp
. 589
cf.
A
. ret
icul
ata
Lend
enfe
ld, 1
889
1
Apl
ysin
a sp
. NW
1 1
Apl
ysin
idae
sp.
K1
1
Fam
ily:
Iant
hell
idae
Iant
hella
bas
ta (P
alla
s, 1
766)
1Ia
nthe
lla fl
abel
lifor
mis
(Pal
las,
176
6)1
Iant
hella
qua
dran
gula
ta B
ergq
uist
&
Kel
ly-B
orge
s, 1
995
1
Fam
ily:
Pse
udoc
erat
inid
aePs
eudo
cera
tina
sp. 1
90
1Ps
eudo
cera
tina
sp. 3
64
1Ps
eudo
cera
tina
sp. 1
1
Pseu
doce
ratin
a sp
. 2
1Ps
eudo
cera
tina
verr
ucos
a cf
. Ber
gqui
st, 1
995
1
Tota
l nu
mb
er o
f sp
ecie
s 73
8554
111
4925
6953
1714
1111
1212
1217
1411
1128
1114
1411
1112
1233
2045
1113
12
94 J. FROMONT AND A. SAMPEY
APPE
NDI
X 2
Know
n sp
ecie
s of
spo
nges
reco
rded
from
the
Proj
ect A
rea,
the
loca
tions
whe
re th
ey w
ere
repo
rted
, and
thei
r bio
geog
raph
ic c
odin
g.
Taxa
Offshore
Inshore
Temp Aus
Temp Sth Africa
Western Indo-Pac
NW Aust Shelf
Sahul Shelf
NE Aust Shelf
Central Indo-Pac
Eastern Indo-Pac
Com
men
ts
CA
LC
AR
EA
Ord
er: C
lath
rin
ida
Fam
ily:
Leu
cett
idae
Per
icha
rax
hete
rora
phis
Pol
éjae
ff, 1
883
●1
11
11
11
HO
MO
SC
LE
RO
MO
RP
HA
Ord
er: H
omos
cler
oph
orid
a
Fam
ily:
Pla
kin
idae
Pla
kina
stre
lla m
amm
illar
is L
end
enfe
ld, 1
907
●1
Pla
kort
is c
omm
unis
Mur
icy,
201
0●
11
11
Pla
kort
is n
igra
Lév
i, 19
53●
1
DE
MO
SP
ON
GIA
EO
rder
: Sp
irop
hor
ida
Cin
achy
rella
aus
tral
iens
is C
arte
r, 18
86●
●1
11
11
Cin
achy
rella
eni
gmat
ica
(Bur
ton,
193
4)●
1
Cin
achy
rella
sch
ulze
i (K
elle
r, 18
91)
●1
1
Cin
achy
rella
tare
ntin
a (P
ulit
zer-
Fina
li, 1
983)
●Te
mp
Nth
Atl
anti
c; T
rop
Atl
anti
c
Ord
er: A
stro
ph
orid
aM
elop
hlus
sar
asin
orum
Thi
ele,
189
9●
11
11
Rha
bdas
trel
la g
lobo
stel
lata
(Car
ter,
1883
)●
11
11
11
Stel
lett
a cl
avos
a R
idle
y, 1
884
●1
11
11
1
Stel
lett
a sp
lend
ens
Tani
ta, 1
965
●Te
mp
Nth
Pac
ific
(Sea
of J
apan
)
Ord
er: H
adro
mer
ida
Fam
ily:
Cli
onai
dae
Clio
na c
elat
a G
rant
, 182
6●
1Te
mp
Nth
Atl
anti
c, T
rop
Atl
anti
c
Clio
na d
issi
mili
s R
idle
y &
Den
dy,
188
6●
11
1
KIMBERLEY MARINE BIOTA. HISTORICAL DATA: SPONGES 95
Taxa
Offshore
Inshore
Temp Aus
Temp Sth Africa
Western Indo-Pac
NW Aust Shelf
Sahul Shelf
NE Aust Shelf
Central Indo-Pac
Eastern Indo-Pac
Com
men
ts
Clio
na o
rien
talis
Thi
ele,
190
0●
●1
11
11
Pio
ne la
mpa
(de
Lau
benf
els,
195
0)●
Trop
Atl
anti
c
Pio
ne v
elan
s H
ents
chel
, 190
9●
11
1
Sphe
cios
pong
ia p
apill
osa
Rid
ley
& D
end
y, 1
886
●1
Sphe
cios
pong
ia v
agab
unda
(Rid
ley,
188
4)●
●1
11
1
Fam
ily:
Hem
iast
erel
lid
ae
Axo
s fla
belli
form
is C
arte
r, 18
79●
11
Fam
ily:
Su
ber
itid
ae
Aap
tos
aapt
os (S
chm
idt,
1864
)●
Tem
p N
th A
tlan
tic
Fam
ily:
Tet
hyi
dae
Ant
hote
thya
from
onta
e Sa
ra &
Sar
a, 2
002
●1
Ord
er: C
hon
dro
sid
a
Fam
ily:
Ch
ond
rill
idae
Cho
ndri
lla a
ustr
alie
nsis
Car
ter,
1873
●1
11
11
1
Fam
ily:
Hal
isar
cid
ae
Hal
isar
ca d
ujar
dini
John
ston
, 184
2●
Tem
p N
th A
tlan
tic
Ord
er: L
ith
isti
da
Fam
ily:
Th
eon
elli
dae
Dis
code
rmia
dis
cife
ra (L
end
enfe
ld, 1
907)
●1
11
The
onel
la c
ylin
dric
a W
ilson
, 192
5●
1
The
onel
la le
vior
Len
den
feld
, 190
7●
11
The
onel
la s
win
hoei
Gra
y, 1
868
●1
1
96 J. FROMONT AND A. SAMPEY
Taxa
Offshore
Inshore
Temp Aus
Temp Sth Africa
Western Indo-Pac
NW Aust Shelf
Sahul Shelf
NE Aust Shelf
Central Indo-Pac
Eastern Indo-Pac
Com
men
ts
Ord
er: H
alic
hon
dri
da
Fam
ily:
Axi
nel
lid
ae
Axi
nella
aru
ensi
s (H
ents
chel
, 191
2)●
●1
11
1
Axi
nella
laby
rint
hica
Den
dy,
188
9●
1
Cym
bast
ela
stip
itat
a (B
ergq
uist
& T
izar
d, 1
967)
●1
1
Dra
gmac
idon
aus
tral
e (B
ergq
uist
, 197
0)●
11
11
Dra
gmac
idon
dur
issi
mum
(Den
dy,
190
5)●
11
1
Ren
ioch
alin
a st
alag
mit
is L
end
enfe
ld, 1
888
●●
11
1
Fam
ily:
Des
mox
yid
ae
Hig
gins
ia s
cabr
a W
hite
legg
e, 1
907
●1
Fam
ily:
Dic
tyon
elli
dae
Aca
nthe
lla c
aver
nosa
Den
dy,
192
2●
11
11
Aca
nthe
lla d
endy
i (B
ergq
uist
, 197
0)●
1
Aca
nthe
lla p
ulch
erri
ma
Rid
ley
& D
end
y, 1
886
●1
11
11
Pha
kett
ia e
ucti
men
a (H
ents
chel
, 191
2)●
11
Styl
issa
car
teri
(Den
dy,
188
9)●
11
1
Styl
issa
con
ulos
a (D
end
y, 1
922)
●1
Styl
issa
flab
ellif
orm
is (H
ents
chel
, 191
2)●
11
1
Styl
issa
mas
sa (C
arte
r, 18
87)
●1
11
1
Fam
ily:
Het
erox
yid
ae
Did
iscu
s ac
erat
us (R
idle
y &
Den
dy,
188
6)●
11
11
Myr
mek
iode
rma
gran
ulat
um (E
sper
, 179
4)●
●1
11
11
Myr
mek
iode
rma
nive
um (R
ow, 1
911)
●1
KIMBERLEY MARINE BIOTA. HISTORICAL DATA: SPONGES 97
Taxa
Offshore
Inshore
Temp Aus
Temp Sth Africa
Western Indo-Pac
NW Aust Shelf
Sahul Shelf
NE Aust Shelf
Central Indo-Pac
Eastern Indo-Pac
Com
men
ts
Ord
er: P
oeci
losc
leri
da
Fam
ily:
Aca
rnid
ae
Aca
rnus
tern
atus
Rid
ley,
188
4●
11
1
Fam
ily:
Cra
mb
eid
ae
Mon
anch
ora
ungu
icul
ata
(Den
dy,
192
2)●
11
1Tr
op A
tlan
tic
Fam
ily:
Cre
llid
ae
Cre
lla (Y
vesi
a) s
pinu
lata
(Hen
tsch
el, 1
911)
●1
1
Fam
ily:
Iot
roch
otid
aeIo
troc
hota
bac
ulife
ra R
idle
y, 1
884
●●
11
11
11
Iotr
ocho
ta c
occi
nea
(Car
ter,
1886
)●
1
Fam
ily:
Mic
roci
onid
aeA
ntho
(Aca
rnia
) rid
leyi
(Hen
tsch
el, 1
912)
●1
1
Cla
thri
a (M
icro
cion
a) a
cera
toob
tusa
(Car
ter,
1887
)●
11
11
1
Cla
thri
a (T
haly
sias
) abi
etin
a (L
amar
ck, 1
814)
●1
11
11
Cla
thri
a (T
haly
sias
) cac
tifo
rmis
(Lam
arck
, 181
4)●
11
1
Cla
thri
a (T
haly
sias
) cop
ping
eri R
idle
y, 1
884
●1
11
1
Cla
thri
a (T
haly
sias
) len
denf
eldi
Rid
ley
& D
end
y, 1
886
●1
11
11
1
Cla
thri
a (T
haly
sias
) rei
nwar
dti V
osm
aer,
1880
●1
11
11
Cla
thri
a (T
haly
sias
) tin
gens
Hoo
per,
1996
●1
11
Cla
thri
a (T
haly
sias
) tox
ifera
(Hen
tsch
el, 1
912)
●1
11
Fam
ily:
Ras
pai
liid
aeE
chin
odic
tyum
can
cella
tum
(Lam
arck
, 181
4)●
●1
11
1
Ech
inod
icty
um c
lath
rioi
des
Hen
tsch
el, 1
911
●1
1
Ech
inod
icty
um m
esen
teri
num
(Lam
arck
, 181
4)●
●1
11
1
Ect
yopl
asia
tabu
la (L
amar
ck, 1
814)
●●
11
1
Ect
yopl
asia
van
nus
Hoo
per,
1991
●1
1
98 J. FROMONT AND A. SAMPEY
Taxa
Offshore
Inshore
Temp Aus
Temp Sth Africa
Western Indo-Pac
NW Aust Shelf
Sahul Shelf
NE Aust Shelf
Central Indo-Pac
Eastern Indo-Pac
Com
men
ts
Ras
paili
a (C
lath
riod
endr
on) m
elan
orho
ps H
oope
r, 19
91●
1
Ras
paili
a (R
aspa
ilia)
pha
kello
psis
Hoo
per,
1991
●1
1
Ras
paili
a (R
aspa
ilia)
ves
tigi
fera
Den
dy,
189
6●
11
1
Trik
entr
ion
flabe
llifo
rme
Car
ter,
1882
●1
11
Ord
er: A
gela
sid
aFa
mil
y: A
gela
sid
ae
Age
las
mau
riti
ana
(Car
ter,
1883
)●
11
Fam
ily:
Ast
rosc
leri
dae
Ast
rosc
lera
will
eyan
a L
iste
r, 19
00●
11
11
1
Ord
er: H
aplo
scle
rid
a
Fam
ily:
Cal
lysp
ongi
idae
Cal
lysp
ongi
a (C
ally
spon
gia)
con
foed
erat
a (R
idle
y, 1
884)
●1
11
Cal
lysp
ongi
a (T
oxoc
halin
a) s
chul
zei (
Kie
schn
ick,
190
0)●
1
Fam
ily:
Ch
alin
idae
Cha
linul
a co
nfus
a (D
end
y, 1
922)
●1
Hal
iclo
na (G
elliu
s) a
mbo
inen
sis
(Lév
i, 19
61)
●1
11
1
Hal
iclo
na (G
elliu
s) c
ymae
form
is (E
sper
, 179
4)●
●1
11
11
Hal
iclo
na k
orem
ella
de
Lau
benf
els,
195
4●
11
Fam
ily:
Nip
hat
idae
Am
phim
edon
lam
ella
ta F
rom
ont,
1993
●1
1
Am
phim
edon
par
avir
idis
Fro
mon
t, 19
93●
11
Gel
liode
s fib
ulat
a (C
arte
r, 18
81)
●●
11
11
11
Nip
hate
s ol
emda
(de
Lau
benf
els,
195
4)●
1
Fam
ily:
Pet
rosi
idae
Aca
ntho
stro
ngyl
opho
ra a
shm
oric
a H
oope
r, 19
84●
1
KIMBERLEY MARINE BIOTA. HISTORICAL DATA: SPONGES 99
Taxa
Offshore
Inshore
Temp Aus
Temp Sth Africa
Western Indo-Pac
NW Aust Shelf
Sahul Shelf
NE Aust Shelf
Central Indo-Pac
Eastern Indo-Pac
Com
men
ts
Neo
petr
osia
exi
gua
(Kir
kpat
rick
, 190
0)●
●1
11
1
Pet
rosi
a (P
etro
sia)
nig
rica
ns L
ind
gren
, 189
7●
11
1
Pet
rosi
a (S
tron
gylo
phor
a) s
tron
gyla
ta T
hiel
e, 1
903
●1
1
Xes
tosp
ongi
a te
stud
inar
ia (L
amar
ck, 1
815)
●●
11
11
1
Fam
ily:
Ph
loeo
dic
tyid
ae
Siph
onod
icty
on m
ucos
um B
ergq
uist
, 196
5●
11
1
Oce
anap
ia a
mbo
inen
sis
Tops
ent,
1897
●1
1
Oce
anap
ia m
acro
toxa
(Hoo
per,
1984
)●
●1
1
Oce
anap
ia r
amsa
yi L
end
enfe
ld, 1
888
●1
1
Ord
er: D
icty
ocer
atid
a
Fam
ily:
Dys
idei
dae
Dys
idea
are
nari
a B
ergq
uist
, 196
5●
●1
1
Dys
idea
gra
nulo
sa B
ergq
uist
, 196
5●
11
Lam
ello
dysi
dea
herb
acea
(Kel
ler,
1889
)●
11
11
Fam
ily:
Sp
ongi
idae
Hya
ttel
la in
test
inal
is (L
amar
ck, 1
814)
●1
1
Fam
ily:
Th
orec
tid
ae
Apl
ysin
opsi
s el
egan
s L
end
enfe
ld, 1
888
●1
11
1Te
mp
Nth
Pac
ific
Car
teri
ospo
ngia
flab
ellif
era
(Bow
erba
nk, 1
877)
●1
11
Car
teri
ospo
ngia
folia
scen
s (P
alla
s, 1
766)
●1
11
11
1
Dac
tylo
spon
gia
eleg
ans
(Thi
ele,
189
9)●
11
Fasc
aply
sino
psis
ret
icul
ata
(Hen
tsch
el, 1
912)
●1
11
11
Hyr
tios
ere
ctus
(Kel
ler,
1889
)●
11
1
Phy
llosp
ongi
a pa
pyra
cea
(Esp
er, 1
794)
●1
11
1
100 J. FROMONT AND A. SAMPEY
Taxa
Offshore
Inshore
Temp Aus
Temp Sth Africa
Western Indo-Pac
NW Aust Shelf
Sahul Shelf
NE Aust Shelf
Central Indo-Pac
Eastern Indo-Pac
Com
men
ts
Ord
er: V
eron
gid
a
Fam
ily:
Ap
lysi
nel
lid
ae
Sube
rea
iant
helli
form
is (L
end
enfe
ld, 1
888)
●1
1
Fam
ily:
Ian
thel
lid
ae
Iant
hella
bas
ta (P
alla
s, 1
766)
●1
11
1
Iant
hella
flab
ellif
orm
is (P
alla
s, 1
766)
●1
11
11
Iant
hella
qua
dran
gula
ta B
ergq
uist
& K
elly
-Bor
ges,
199
5●
1
Tota
l sp
ecie
s81
4034
247
7639
4556
5
Recommended