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Knowledge of Language Competence. Sound system (Phonetics & Phonology) Word structure and formation (Morphology) Phrase structure and sentence formation (Syntax) Meaning (Semantics) => Mental Grammar. Knowledge of the Sound System. Wug Test wughiff zeedcrav stopethak sletfrob. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Knowledge of LanguageCompetence
• Sound system (Phonetics & Phonology)
• Word structure and formation (Morphology)
• Phrase structure and sentence formation (Syntax)
• Meaning (Semantics)
• => Mental Grammar
Knowledge of the Sound System
Wug Test
wug hiff
zeed crav
stope thak
slet frob
Plural Forms?
• wugs “s”=[z]• zeeds “s”=[z]• slets “s”=[s]• hiffs “s”=[s]• cravs “s”=[z]• frobs “s”=[z]• stopes “s”=[s]• thaks “s”=[s]
Rules
• Plural form is [z] after [g, d, b, v]• Plural form is [s] after [k, t, p, f]
• Plural = [z] after voiced sounds• Plural = [s] after unvoiced sounds
• Knowledge of language includes phonological rules.
Knowledge of Word Formation
• employ employ-eremploy-ee
• interview interview-er interview-ee
• read read-able un-read-able
• do do-able un-do-able
Creative Formation of New Words
• shush shush-er shush-ee
• un-shush-able
Knowledge of Structure
• Jane will go to the beach tomorrow.
• => Will Jane go to the beach tomorrow?
• What is the rule?
More Complicated Examples
• Dick and Jane will go to the beach tomorrow.
• => Will Dick and Jane go to the beach tomorrow?
• The girl who is absent today will go to the beach tomorrow.
• => Will the girl who is absent today go to the beach tomorrow?
Knowledge of Meaning
• The relationship between sound and meaning is arbitrary.
• house (English)• bahay (Tagalog)• ie (Japanese)• sapah (Seediq)• jia (Mandarin)
• Knowledge of language includes a mental lexicon.
Prescriptive Grammar
• Artificially imposed standard or norm
• Ex: Do not split an infinitive.
• Yes: ‘To go boldly where ….’
• No: ‘To boldly go where ….’
Descriptive Grammar
• Characterization of the rules of natural language
• ‘To go boldly where ….’• => Adverb modifies only the VP.
• ‘To boldly go where ….’• => Adverb modifies the subject.
• Prescriptive grammar:
• => Not the goal of linguistic study
• Descriptive grammar:
• => Linguists’ object of study
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