Kuliah Komunikasi Data. Lima Komponen Komunikasi Data Message: Information(data) to be communicated...

Kuliah Komunikasi Data

Lima Komponen Komunikasi Data• Message: Information(data) to be communicated• Sender• Receiver • Transmission medium: Physical path by which a message travels• Protocol: A set of rules that govern data communication

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Arah Aliran Data

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Topology

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Standards Committees

• ISO– Voluntary international organization

• ITU-T– Formerly, CCITT formed by UN

• ANSI– Private non-profit corporation in the US

• IEEE– The largest engineering society in the world

• EIA– Non-profit organization in the US

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Network Models

1. Layered Tasks2. The OSI Model3. Layers in the OSI Model4. TCP/IP Protocol Suite5. Addressing

Pertukaran Data Model OSI• Encapsulation with header and possibly trailer

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TCP/IP Protocol Suite

• Host-to-network : Physical and data link layer– No specific protocol

• Network layer– IP(Internet Protocl), ARP(Address Resolution Protocol),

RARP(Reverse ARP), ICMP(Internet Control Message Protocol), IGMO(Internet Group Message Protocol)

• Transport layer– TCP(Transmission Control Protocol), UDP(User Datagram Protocl),

SCTP(Stream Control Transmission Protocol),

• Application Layer– Combined session, presentation, and application layers

Hubungan Antara Layers Dan Pengalamatan

Transmisi Digital

1. Digital-to-Digital Conversion2. Analog-to-Digital Conversion3. Transmission Mode

Skema Dari Line Coding

Frequency Division Multiplexing• FDM is an analog multiplexing technique that combines analog signals• Signals modulate different carrier frequencies• Modulated signals are combined into a composite signal• Channel - Bandwidth range to accommodate a modulated signal• Channels can be separated by strips of unused bandwidth (guard

band) to prevent overlapping

Media Transmisi

1. Guided Media2. Unguided Media: Wireless

Jenis/kelas Dari Media Transmisi

Wired LANs: Ethernet

1. IEEE Standards2. Standard Ethernet3. Changes in the Standard4. Fast Ethernet5. Gigabit Ethernet

IEEE Standards• In 1985, the Computer Society of the IEEE started a project, called In 1985, the Computer Society of the IEEE started a project, called

Project 802, to set standards to enable intercommunication among Project 802, to set standards to enable intercommunication among equipment from a variety of manufacturers. Project 802 is a way of equipment from a variety of manufacturers. Project 802 is a way of specifying functions of the physical layer and the data link layer of specifying functions of the physical layer and the data link layer of major LAN protocols.major LAN protocols.

Wireless LANs

1. IEEE 802.112. Bluetooth

Network Topology

The network topology defines the way in which computers, printers, and other devices are connected. A network topology describes the layout of the wire and devices as well as the paths used by data transmissions.

Introduction to Computer Networks

The IP Addressing Scheme• Addressing is specified by the Internet Protocol ( IP )• Internet protocol address or IP address– A unique 32-bit binary number– Used for all communication with the host

• Each 32-bit IP address is divided onto two parts– A prefix and a suffix

• Network number– A unique value assigned to each physical network

• The IP address hierarchy guarantees that– Each computer is assigned a unique address– Suffixes can be assigned locally without global coordination

Classes of IP Addresses• The class of an address determines the boundary between the

network prefix and host prefix• IP divides host address into their primary classes A, B and C• The first four bits of an address determines the class• To use IP multicasting, a set of hosts must agree to share a

multicast address

Every machine on the Internet has a unique

identifying number, called an IP Address.

A typical IP address looks like this:

216.27.61.137

But computers communicate in binary form.

Basics of Network Addressing

The same IP address in binary:

11011000.00011011.00111101.10001001

216.27.61.137

IP Addressing