Latin American Studies

Latin American Studies

February 11, 2011

Blackboard Configuration

Do Now: Read the current events article and respond

Objectives:1. Check-in and missing work

update2. Discuss Benito Juarez and the

French intervention in Mexico, 1861-1871

Homework: Complete makeup work

After reading the article, write a brief response to it:

◦ What do you think about what’s going on in Bolivia?

◦ Does it remind you of any other historical events?

◦ What issues do you forsee Bolivia having in the near future?

Current Events

Who was Santa Anna and why was he important?

What was the Gadsden Purchase and why was it significant?

Where were the two governments located during the Reform War?

Who ultimately won the Reform War? What was the result

Review Questions

Define the following parts of the Reform War:

◦ Plan of Ayutla

◦ Juarez Law

◦ Lerdo Law

◦ Constitution of 1857

◦ General Zuloaga

◦ Benito Juarez

Review

French intervention in Mexican affairs

Followed Juarez’s suspension of interest payments to foreign countries for debts

The Maximilian Intervention

1861: Treaty of London (France, Spain, England)

1862: Arrival of the French◦ May 5, 1862: Battle of Puebla◦ French took Veracruz at end of the year

1863: French take the capital◦ June—entered Mexico City◦ Crown offered to Maximilian in November

French intervention

Arrived in 1864

Archduke from the royal houseof Austria

Very liberal few allies

French military victories continued Guadalajara andother Northern cities

Emperor Maximilian

Republican forces concentrated in Northern towns along the Rio Grande

Victories begin towards the end of 1865

Led to the Black Decree by Maximilian

Late 1865/1866: US send reinforcements to help

1865: Republican victories begin

Republican victories continue◦ Occupy Chihuahua, retake Guadalajara, and

continue South

Napoleon III urges Maximilian to flee Mexico

French begin to withdraw; Mexico retakes Oaxaca, Guanajuato, Zacatecas and San Luis de Potosi

1866: Withdrawal of French forces

Feb. 5, 1867: French evacuate Mexico City◦ Maximilian withdrew to Quertaro

Republicans begin siege of that city

May—Maximilian tries to escape, is captured, and sentenced to execution

1867: Retake the capital

Execution of Maximilian

Mexico City surrendered day after Maximilian executed

Republic restored with Benito Juarez as president

Conservative party not a player at this point◦ Loyalty to Maximilian discredited them to the

people

1867: Restoration of the Republic

Zapotec Indian

5 terms as president◦ 1857-61, 1861-65, 1865-67, 1867-71, 1871-72

Lawyer and judge in state of Oaxaca

Inspired Juarez law in 1855 about church judicial privileges

Benito Pablo Juarez Garcia

Remained in presidency until 1971

Re-elected to presidency but against the constitution

Porfirio Diaz provoked to launch rebellion◦ Liberal general and hero of the French war◦ Losing candidate of election

Plan de la Noria—effort to revolt◦ At point of defeat when Juarez died in office in 1872

Benito Juarez

Legacy as a progressive reformer dedicated to democracy, equal rights for indigenous, lessoning power of catholic church, and defense of national sovereignty

Period of his leadership: La Reforma

Benito Juarez

“Among individuals, as among nations, respect for the rights of others is peace.”

“Law has always been my shield and my sword.”

Famous quotations

Punctuality

Preparedness—book, notebook, pencil, etc.

Participation

Presence—are you there and owning it?

Personal responsibility—homework, did you help others, did you make excuses, etc.

5 P’s—how’d we do today?

Current events article for Monday

Homework