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7/29/2019 Lec1 3.18.13 - Preflight Inspection
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Aviation Simulationby
Ahmad Ahsan
Aviation Simulationby
Ahmad Ahsan
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PreFlight Inspection
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Preflight Inspection
One of the most important tasks
What is it?
Why do we do it? Should you follow a checklist?
Whose responsibility is it?
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Preflight Inspection The preflight inspection is a thorough and
systematic means by which a pilot determines
if the aircraft is airworthy and in condition for
safe operation.
POHs and owner/information manuals contain
a section devoted to a systematic method of
performing a preflight inspection.
(PHAK 8-9)
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Before leaving the building Check the weather reports
Check for any NOTAMS and other information
related to your flight
File a flight plan (if required)
Check the weight and balance
Check for any modifications or maintenance
carried out before your flight
Talk to pilots who have flown the plane just
before you
IMSAFE
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Preflight Inspection The preflight inspection is an inspection that
we perform on the plane
before each and every flight
to ensure the safety and correct operation ofall aspects of the airplane.
It covers everything on the airplane, from
controls to instruments, and everything in
between.
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360 or walk around
Begin
1. cabin
2. tail
3. right wing
4. Fuel & landing gear
5. nose, prop, cowling
6. Left fuel, LG
7. left wing
8. cont. left wing
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When approaching the airplane Open your eyes
Look for any leaks or bolts on the ground
near/around the airplane
Look for any hanging/missing parts Is the aircraft level or tilted? Tilt may indicate
small issues like problem with gear strut, or
big issues like structural failure.
Is everything straight and properly aligned?
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Why do we do it? To ensure aircraft is airworthy
To ensure normal operation of all systems equipmentand controls
To inspect equipment and controls
To observe any issues that may cause problems
during flight
To look for any damage
The accomplishment of a safe flight begins with a
careful visual inspection of the airplane.
The purpose of the preflight visual inspection is
twofold:
-to determine that the airplane is legally airworthy,
-that it is in condition for safe flight. (FAA8083-3B)
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How should you do it? Keep your eyes and ears open
Dont rush
Follow a checklist
Be thorough..inspect each and every item Do not proceed randomly, follow the order
recommended by the aircraft manufacturer
If in doubt check again
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How should you do it? Avoid any distractions
If distracted, restart from 3 steps before
Look for any missing bolts on the upper and
lower surfaces
Feel the surface of the aircraft.sometimes
you cannot see fine cracks or nicks
Exercise caution when examining the prop
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How should you do it? Each airplane has its special areas that must
be examined.
Such specialized systems mean that first you
have to look at the handbook for the airplane
and read what the manufacturer recommends
doing on the preflight.
Refer to your aircrafts POH.
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Categories of Inspection Visual Check - lights
ON/OFF master switch, radios, etc.
SET set an item for takeoff such as trim
Apply and Check flight controls, brakes, etc.
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How to follow the checklist?
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How to follow the checklist?
What you are inspecting
Item being inspected Condition of the item
Now you can move to the next item..
Wh l k f ?
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What to look for? Dents (esp. on leading edge of wings & stab)
Cracks (windows or fuselage)
Leaks (underneath wings, landing gear, nose)
Holes or chipped off parts
Dont forget to look at the lower surface!
Wh l k f ?
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What to look for? Missing or misaligned bolts or rivets
Control cable strength and tension
Flap and aileron hinges
Anything out of the ordinary
Wear, nicks or damage of propeller
Wh t t l k f ?
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What to look for? Fuel quantity and fuel caps
Check fuel:
a) color & smell
b) water contamination
c) feel it (evaporates/cools)
d) drop on the grounde) test fuel from all sumps or drain points
f) rock the wings
g) aviation fuel wont bubbleh) at night, use a light
i) in daytime, color=sky
j) in cold weather, look for
cr stals
Wh t t l k f ?
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What to look for? Check any vents for blockage
Oil quantity and cap/latch
Check bottom of the tanks for any leaks or
discoloration
Recheck before any flight
Wh t t l k f ?
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What to look for? Look at the static and pitot ports
Move controls to full deflection. Check they
are free and CORRECT
Remove the pitot tube cover,
control locks, chocks, and tie
downs.
Wh t t l k f ?
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What to look for? If you are unsure, always:
TELL SOMEONE Ask an instructor, technician, or senior pilot. If
you are not flying the airplane, report whatyou see to the PIC.
l l h !
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Every little thing counts! Aeroperu 757 crashed due to
tape on the static port killing
70 people.
Forgot to remove tie-down
crashed into fuel truck.
Improper oil/fuel haskilled many people
Didnt check controls..
Free and CORRECT
Missing rivets or bolts may
indicate stress or other
structural problems.
I l i
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In conclusion A casual preflight check =
aircraft wreck Follow the procedures and
be thorough. Procedures
are there for your safety
and the safety of others.
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Remember No matter what, the main task is to focus and
pay all attention to your aircraft. A good preflight:
- does not take too long- is thorough- excludes distractions- follows a proper outline (manufacturerrecommended)
- uses full attention on the task
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Documents on Aircraft
Airworthiness (Certificate of Airworthiness) Registration Certificate
Radio station license.
Operating Handbook or Owners Manual (POH)
Weight and Balance sheetFAAH-8083-3B 2-1, CFR 14 91.103
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The determination of whether the airplane is in a conditionfor safe flight is made by a preflight inspection of the
airplane and its components The preflight inspection should be performed in accordance
with a printed checklist provided by the airplanemanufacturer for the specific make and model airplane.
The preflight inspection of the airplane should begin whileapproaching the airplane on the ramp.
The pilot should make note of the:
general appearanceof the airplane,
landing gear out of alignment,
structural distortion, skin damage,
and dripping fuel or oil leaks.
Uponreaching the airplane, all tiedowns, control locks, and
chocks should be removed. (FAA 8083-3B 2-2)
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Small Things to Look for. Wet seat or carpet after rain may indicate structural
problem or misalignment of door/fuselage
Misaligned rivets may indicate structural problem
Small delamination (crazing) may seriously affectvisibility
Any unusual noise should be checked
Check your instruments cross check airspeed (zero),altitude (field elevation), vsi indication, attitudeindicator, etc.
Any ripples or waves may present a serious risk Fuel stains need to be investigated. Check above the
wing too!
Any slack control cables should be inspected
I th k it
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In the cockpit Check all documents
Charts and navigation source
Secure any loose items Ensure proper seating position
Double check any tie downs or chocks
Before starting the engine: check all sides, clear
Anti collision light
Once the engine is started, test the brakes (procedure)
Carry out a radio check Announce your intentions before you move
Exercise caution in strong winds
Use the rudder for turning and stop with thenosewheel straight.
B f T k Off
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Before Take Off Usually near the runway in a clear area, pointed
into the wind
Stay clear of other aircraft
The airplane should be positioned on a firm,
smooth, and/or paved surface.
Straighten the airplanes nosewheel to reduce stress
during the magneto check.
Beware of braking action
Follow the recommendations/checklist in the POH
B f T k Off
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Before Take Off Thumb points in direction of UP Aileron, DOWN wing
Confirm controls free and correct
Look & Listen for other traffic Before entering the runway, obtain permission or
announce intentions (as suitable)
Follow the checklist item by item.
Do not accept any unacceptable levels of airplaneperformance.
Read each checklist items aloud and touch eachindicated control.
Frequently scan the engine instruments throughout thepre-takeoff check.
Do not let the engine overheat.
Look for overheat conditions on the cylinder headtemperature gauge, or oil temperature gauge.
B f T k Off
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Before Take Off Confirm runway lengths are adequate.
Review emergency procedures, especially:
-engine failure during ground roll.
-engine failure just after liftoff, runway remaining.
-engine failure after liftoff, up to 500 feet. -engine failure on climb out, 500-1000 feet.
B f T k Off
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Before Take Off
If you haveany doubts,do not fly.
O th R
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On the Runway Cross check you are on the correct runway. Match
the mag compass with the dg.
(Singapore Airlines 747)
Transponder
Ready for emergency?
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In the cockpit Check all documents
Charts and navigation source
Secure any loose items
Ensure proper seating position
Double check any tie downs or chocks
Before starting the engine: check all sides, clear
Anti collision light
Once the engine is started, test the brakes
Carry out a radio check
Announce your intentions before you move
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The determination of whether the airplane is in a conditionfor safe flight is made by a preflight inspection of the
airplane and its components The preflight inspection should be performed in accordance
with a printed checklist provided by the airplanemanufacturer for the specific make and model airplane.
The preflight inspection of the airplane should begin whileapproaching the airplane on the ramp.
The pilot should make note of the:
general appearanceof the airplane,
landing gear out of alignment,
structural distortion, skin damage,
and dripping fuel or oil leaks.
Uponreaching the airplane, all tiedowns, control locks, andchocks should be removed. (FAA 8083-3B 2-2)
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Questions
Q: Youre conducting the preflight inspection
and you see that one of the screws inside the
engine cowling is missing. You know its not a
major concern. What do you do?
A: Tell instructor/PIC/AMT
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Questions
Q: You see a dent in the aileron that looks
symmetrical that matches and is in the same
place as another dent in the other aileron.
Should you overlook it?
A: Absolutely not. Its a dent and it looks and makes
you suspicious, so you should definitely ask your
instructor or AMT about it.
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Questions
Q: As youre checking the oil, you notice that
its just barelyabove the 6 quarts line (the
minimum is 6). Should you mention this to
possibly add another quart of oil, or shouldyou ignore it because the oil level is adequate
and meets the requirement?
A: Tell another pilot or mechanic and ask for theiradvice.
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Questions
Q: As youre checking the strut, tire, and brake
of the right landing gear, you notice that the
tire seems just a bit flat. It may just be you, or
that the plane hasnt been flying in 2 days andthe weight temporarily flattened it. What
should you do?
A: Tell an instructor or AMT - The tire pressure issupposed to be 29 PSI but it may have dropped. Get it
checked.
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Essential Questions
What is preflight inspection?
Why do we conduct a preflight inspection?
Why is it important to go in order of the
checklist?
What sorts of things am I looking for
specifically during the preflight inspection?
What should I do if I find something that is out
of the ordinary?
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