Lecture 1-What is Research

RESEARCH ON ELT I

Lecture I

Rida Wahyuningrum

English Department

Wijaya Kusuma University, Surabaya

What is Research?

RESEARCH defined– Systematic and

orderly (following a series of steps)

– Purpose is newknowledge, which must be reliable

Research is the systematic approach to obtaining and confirming new and reliable knowledge

This is a general definition which applies to all

disciplines

CURIOUSITY(finding the truth)

NON SCIENTIFIC

SCIENTIFIC

= CONTINGENCY= COMMON SENSE= INSPIRATION= INTUITION= TRIAL AND ERROR= SPECULATION= AUTHORITY

LOGICREASONING

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

Research Design:Problems and Theoretical Framework

Research MethodRESEARCH RESULTS

Finding the truth

LOGIC

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

RESEARCH METHOD

A PROCESS THAT TAKES PLACE WITHIN SCIENTIFIC METHOD

CONDUCTED THROUGH A RESEARCH WITH ITS METHOD THAT REFERS

TO THE LAW OF LOGICS (DEDUCTION AND INDUCTION)

PROCESS/

CYCLES

SCIENTIFIC METHOD

APPLICATION

NATURE: IDENTICAL,

CONSISTENT,

OBJECTIVE

SCIENTIFIC METHOD

• The scientific method is away to ask and answerscientific questions bymaking observations anddoing experiments.

• SCIENTIFIC means

- systematic

- methodoligical

- objective

- universal

DEFINITION

• Research is a systematic

attempt to provide answers

to questions

(Tuckman, 1999)

DEFINITION

• Research is a systematic way

of asking questions, a

systematic method of inquiry

(Drew, Hardman, and Hart, 1996)

DEFINITION

• The main goal of research is

the gathering and

interpreting of information to

answer questions

(Hyllegard, Mood, and Morrow, 1996)

DEFINITION• Research may be defined as the

systematic and objective analysis and

recording of controlled observations

that may lead to the development of

generalizations, principles, or theories,

resulting in prediction and possible

control of events

(Best and Kahn, 1998)

SYSTEMATIC because there is a definite set of procedures and steps which you will follow. There are certain things in the research process which are always done in order to get the most accurate results.ORGANIZED in that there is a structure or method in going about doing research. It is a planned procedure, not a spontaneous one. It is focused and limited to a specific scope.FINDING ANSWERS is the end of all research. Whether it is the answer to a hypothesis or even a simple question, research is successful when we find answers. Sometimes the answer is no, but it is still an answer.QUESTIONS are central to research. If there is no question, then the answer is of no use. Research is focused on relevant, useful, and important questions. Without a question, research has no focus, drive, or purpose.

GOALS

(1) to discover new facts

(2) to verify and test important facts

(3) to analyse an event or process or phenomenon to identify the cause and effect relationship

GOALS

(4) to develop new scientific tools, concepts andtheories to solve and understand scientificand nonscientific problems

(5) to find solutions to scientific, nonscientificand social problems and

(6) to overcome or solve the problems occurringin our every day life.

FUNCTIONS

FUNCTIONS

FUNCTIONS

FUNCTIONS

FUNCTIONS

FUNCTIONS

Rida Wahyuningrum

English Department

Wijaya Kusuma University, Surabaya