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Lecture 2: Fluxes, Flows and Volumes
• Readings for today: Applied Hydrology– Section 6.3 on Measurement of Streamflow– Sections 2.1 – 2.3 on Continuity (Water
Balance)– Arc Hydro: GIS for Water Resources pp. 155-
157
• Reading for Tues: Applied Hydrology– Section 2.7 – 2.8 Energy balance
Watershed system
Sample and Pulse Data
Water Balance
Arc Hydro Time Series Types
Flows in 2004
Spring Flow in 2004
Plum Creek
Drainage Areas
Definitions
• Flow = Volumetric discharge of water [L3/T]
• Flux = Flow per unit area [L/T]
• Volume = Integral of flow through time [L3]
ODSS AHED Prototype Project
Prototype Area
•Prototype region includes 24 water management basins, including Lake Kissimmee, Lake Okeechobee, and Lake Istokpoga
•More than 70 water control structures managed by the South Florida Water Management District (SFWMD) within the prototype area
•Includes natural and managed waterways
Lake Okeechobee
Lake Istokpoga
Lake Kissimmee
Objectives of the Project
• Extend the ArcHydro Framework to include the Operations Decision Support System (ODSS)
• Develop tools that account for rainfall accumulation and provide water balancing capabilities to the Extended ArcHydro Framework
• Develop an ODSS model that includes water-conveyance routing
Questions that SFWMD wants Answered
– How much water is there?– Where is the water in the District?– How much water will enter the canal system?– How can water be routed from one basin to
another?
Water Control Network
WCU Links and Nodes
Watershed to WCU
WCU to WCU
WCUNode
WCULink
Network Tracing
A path between LakeKissimmee and LakeOkeechobee
WCU Relationships
Geospatial Time Series Object
Value
Time
Shape
Time SeriesProperties
(Type)A Value-Time array
Time Series for RainAreas
Rainfall Time Series for Martin – St Lucie
HydroID = 1071381Area = 33314542079 ft2
FeatureID = 1071381HydroCode = Martin-St Lucie
HydroID to FeatureID association
Gives eachtime series a shape
TSTypeID Association
Gives each timeseries a type
Time Series Object
Properties• FeatureID HydroID of the feature related to the time series• HydroCode HydroCode of the feature related to the time series• TSTypeID UnquieID of the TimeSeries• Variable Description of the TimeSeries (i.e. Daily Streamflow)• Units Measurement units as a string (i.e. cfs, in/d)• UnitType Measurement unit type (i.e. flow, area flux, volume, etc.)• TSValues() Array of Values • TSDateTimes() Array of DateTimes• IsRegular Indicates if TimeSeries is measured regularly (boolean)• TSOrigin Either Generated or Measured• TSDateType Either Instantaneous, Cumulative, Incremental, Averaged, Min, or Max
Methods • AddToChartSpace Writes the time series to the chartspace• WriteToGDB Writes the time series to an Arc Hydro geodatabase• GetCumulativeTS Returns a new time series object that with its values cumulated through
time• GetMinDate Returns the minimum date in the time series • GetMaxDate Returns the maximum date in the time series
A new time series can be created from a Arc Hydro GDB given a FeatureID and TSTypeID
Cumulative Rainfall
Controlled Vocabulary for Units
Time Series Collection Object
Properties• Variable Description of the TimeSeries (i.e. Daily Streamflow)• Units Measurement units as a string (i.e. cfs, in/d)• UnitType Measurement unit type (i.e. flow, area flux, volume, etc.)• TSValues() Array of Values • TSDateTimes() Array of DateTimes• IsRegular Indicates if TimeSeries is measured regularly (boolean)
• TSOrigin Either Generated or Measured• TSDateType Either Instantaneous, Cumulative, Incremental, Averaged,
Min, or Max
Methods • GetTimeSeries Writes the time series to the chartspace• AddTimeSeries Writes the time series to an Arc Hydro and whether the TS is
either contribution or diminishing the resulting time series
A bag of time series objects used to compute a new time series object
Chart Space
Toolbar
The Toolbar
• Plot Time Series
• Plot Fluxes, Flowrates, etc.
• Set TimeSeries and TSTypeID table paths
• Show/Hide ChartSpace window
Plot Time Series Tool
1. Select a layer from those listed in map
2. Select a TSType (filtered for selected layer)
3. Limit time range to plot (optional)
Step 1: Select layer and TSType to plot
Plot Time Series Tool
Map shows only features in selected Layer that have time series
Chart is plotted according to the attributes of the time series (averaged, instanteous, units, etc.)
2. Select feature to plot time series for
Step 2: Select feature to plot time series for
Plot Fluxes & Flows ToolStep 2: Select feature to plot variable(s) for
1. Select a layer from those listed in map
2. Select one or more variables to plot
Plot Fluxes & Flows ToolStep 1: Select layer and variable(s) to plot
Variables(s) are plotted for selected feature
Map shows only features coupled to the feature the mouse is currently over
Cumulating SeriesCumulate a time series by right-clicking
Streamflow (cfs) Volume (acre ft)
Rainfall Flux (in/day) Cumulative Rainfall (in) to
to
Chart Overview
TimeSeries’ Variable Feature’s HydroCode
TimeSeries’ UnitType
TimeSeries’ Units
ChartSpace can contain multiple chartseach with a unique value axis
Scaling the Time Axis
By right-click on the chart’s time axis,one can aggregate the data to a new time scale.
Daily Averaged
Weekly Averaged
Monthly Averaged
Flux to FlowrateFlux is related to a geometry allowing the transformation ofa flux time series to a flowrate time series on the fly
Evaporative Flux (mm/day)Flow (cfs)
Evaporation Flow in cfs
Water Balancing
• Break water movement into two components:
Horizontal W.B. (canal system)
Vertical W.B. (rainfall, evapotranspiration)
• Horizontal water movement into and out of a WCU is measured at points and is measured as flow [ft3/s]
• Vertical water movement into and out of a WCU is measured at points, or over areas, and is measured as a flux [in/d]
Water Balancing
QHin
QHout
qVin
qVout
Control Volume
Control Volume for water balancing is a Water Control Unit.
qVin = rain QHin = structure flow in
qVout = ETp QHout = structure flow out
dt
dSQAreaqqQ HoutVoutVinHin
Change in Storage
Volume Storage Over a WCU: C41A-North
Horizontal Net Inflow
Vertical Net Inflow
1 year: Nov 1, 2002 – 30 Oct 2003
Total Net Inflow
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