Lecture25 Abnormal II - psyc150allen.class.arizona.edu

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Abnormal Psychology

Abnormal BehaviorMental Illness

Psychopathology

DeviantDistressfulDysfunctional

Bizarreness

II. Schizophrenia

A. Severe Psychosis, 1% prevalence worldwideB. Symptoms

1. Bizarre Delusions2. Thought Disorder3. Flat Affect or Inappropriate Affect4. Hallucinations: Auditory (voices)5. Some signs of illness persist for 6+ months

SchizophreniaC. Causes & treatment

1. Genetic -- YES

SchizophreniaC. Causes & treatment

1. Genetic -- YES2. Environmental – not well understood, but Expressed

Emotion is important in relpase:a) Emotional Over-involvement

family feels blame, gets overinvolvedb) Criticalness

share critical views with the person with Szc) Hostility

put blame on the person, assumes person has morecontrol than they do

Linzen et al, Schizophrenia Bulletin, 23, 1997

Patients (97) recent onset Schizphrenia% not relapsed after releaseEE was major predictor of relapse

Among high EE families cannabis abuse also major predictor

SchizophreniaC. Causes & treatment

1. Genetic -- YES2. Environmental – Expressed Emotion in relapse3. Biological explanations

a) Brain Abnormalities1. Atrophy in negative symptom Sz2. Frontal Lobe Dysfunction (low activity in many tasks)

Discordant MZ Twins

SchizophreniaC. Causes & treatment

1. Genetic -- YES2. Environmental – Expressed Emotion in relapse3. Biological explanations

a) Brain Abnormalities1. Atrophy in negative symptom Sz2. Frontal Lobe Dysfunction (low activity in many tasks)

b) Dopamine overactivity1. Amphetamine psychosis mimics some positive symptoms2. Dopamine antagonists decrease positive symptoms

Mood Disorders

III. Mood DisordersA. Major Depression Criteria

1. At least 5 of the following during the same 2-week period (Don't memorize!!)A. Depressed mood B. Diminished interest or pleasure C. Weight/appetite changeD. Insomnia or hypersomnia E. Psychomotor Agitation or Retardation F. Fatigue or loss of energy G. Feelings of worthlessness or

excessive or inappropriate guilt H. Concentration problemsI. Recurrent thoughts of death or recurrent suicidal ideation

CORE

SOMATIC

COGNITIVE

Key Factors in Sex DiffsLethality of MethodIntoxicationLack of others in the home

National Suicide Prevention Hotline: 800-273-TALK (8255)

Mood DisordersB. Manic episode criteria (Again, do not memorize)

1. Distinct period of abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood.

2. During this period, at least 3 of the following symptoms (4 if mood is only irritable)1. Inflated self-esteem or grandiosity2. Decreased need for sleep3. More talkative than usual4. Flight of ideas / thoughts racing5. Distractibility6. Increase in goal-directed activity 7. "Excessive involvement in pleasurable activities

which have a high potential for painful consequences"

Interview…Interview…

Mood Disorders

C. Unipolar vs Bipolar Depression1. Unipolar--Major depressive episode only2. Bipolar--Manic episode only or both manic and major

depressive episodes

10% Men20% Women

1% Men and Women

IV Anxiety DisordersA. Panic disorder

1. Recurrent unexpected panic attacks2. Two subtypes

a. w/ agoraphobia b. w/o agoraphobia

B. Specific Phobias = Excessive or unreasonable fear in response to presence or anticipation of dreaded object or situation.

Specific PhobiasCommon and uncommon fears

Anxiety Disorders

C. Social Phobia = fear of situations where one is likely to be exposed to unfamiliar people, or to be observed and evaluated.

D. Obsessive-Compulsive disorder 1. Two components! (need only one or other for

diagnosis)a. Obsessions = recurrent and persistent ideas, thoughts,

impulses, imagesb. Compulsions = repetitive, intentional behaviors or mental

acts performed in response to obsession