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Louisiana State University Sensor Research Updates. Yumiko Kanke, Dr. Brenda Tubana, Dr. Jasper Teboh, and Josh Lofton. Remote Sensor Studies. Crops: sugarcane, rice, cotton and corn Application: improve midseason N fertilizer recommendations. Activities Update database - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Louisiana State University Sensor Research Updates
Yumiko Kanke, Dr. Brenda Tubana, Dr. Jasper Teboh, and Josh Lofton
Remote Sensor Studies• Crops: sugarcane, rice, cotton and corn• Application: improve midseason N fertilizer
recommendations• Activities
– Update database– Refinement algorithms – Validation/calibration
• Grain yield potential can be predicted at panicle differentiation (1501-1900 cumulative GDD).
• Research in on-going – To evaluate the impact of water reflectance– To refine the algorithm
Rice Updates
• The water as a background may alter canopy reflectance readings. This is most significant when plant biomass is small and the stand is thin.
– Low N rate, NDVI could be from 0.44 to 0.58 – High N rate, NDVI could be from 0.62 to 0.66
Rice Updates
Check Plot
NDVI =0.168
0.438
Nadir
Tilted (45o angle)
210 lbs/A
0.725
0.757
Rice Updates
Poster Presentation
Sugarcane Updates
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
Opti
mum
Nitr
ogen
Rat
e, lb
s/ac
Site-Year2004 to 2009, different varieties
No response
No response
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Recommended N for stubble cane:80-120 lbs N ac-1
Recommended N for plant cane:60-100 lbs N ac-1
Estimated optimal N rates for cane yield production fell within or below (majority of the site-years) the recommended rates . *Sugarcane is a perennial crop. Plant cane is fist year plant, stubble cane is 2nd or 3 rd year plant.
Sugarcane: Research Focus 1• Sugarcane is a perennial
crop. It re-grows after each harvest for multiple years (4 years) without annual reseeding.
• Crop age effect• Refinement procedure
– cumulative growing degree days
– Number of days from __ to sensing
cane yield potential = 11.162e1.5717*NDVI
r² = 0.4618
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
0.35 0.45 0.55 0.65 0.75 0.85
Cane
Yie
ld, t
on/a
cre
988 2nd Stubble
128 2nd Stubble
226 1st Stubble
384 1st Stubble
540 1st Stubble
226 1st Stubble
233 1st Stubble
540 1st Stubble
226 Plant Cane
233 Plant Cane
sugar yield potential = 2354.4e1.7915*NDVI
r² = 0.5012
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
0.35 0.45 0.55 0.65 0.75 0.85
NDVI
Suga
r Yie
ld, l
bs/a
cre
Sugarcane: Research Focus 2• Varietal diversification is an essential program
in Louisiana’s sugarcane industry.• Canopy structure effect• Refinement procedure -categorize by canopy structure (droopy and erect leaf) or plant height
• Categorize by canopy structure (droopy and erect leaves)
0.5 0.6 0.7 0.82000300040005000600070008000
f(x) = 2217.04026319 exp( 1.43269031555 x )R² = 0.227652592252352
226
0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.82000300040005000600070008000
f(x) = 2277.96128129 exp( 1.51731887754 x )R² = 0.422543173896888
384
0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.83000
5000
7000
9000
f(x) = 3280.48863831 exp( 1.19972951615 x )R² = 0.267239395528891
5400.4 0.45 0.5 0.55 0.6 0.65 0.7 0.75 0.8
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
10000
f(x) = 2827.51262434566 exp( 1.2185661227715 x )R² = 0.206796235614498
All data
226
384
540
NDVI
Suga
r yie
ld (l
bs/a
c)
Sugarcane: Research Focus 2
Sugarcane: Research Focus 3• Nitrogen fertilization is done early in spring
(one time application)• Tall stature – challenge when collecting data• How early we can put our N reference strip?• How late can we apply N fertilizer?• Small biomass is an issue early in the spring. Three weeks after growth
recommenced in spring, height may become an issue.
• Evaluate spectral reflectance based on leaf element and plant canopy structure using red-edge.
Rice and Sugarcane: Research Focus 4
Red-edge
Wavelength between RED and NIR wavelengths 670 nm to 780 nm (Meer and Jong, 2006) 700 and 750 nm (Seager, 2005)
The first or second derivative of reflectance between 690 to 740 nm, depending on the sensor (Dixit, 1985)
Index
• Reflectance Reflectance between 680-740 nm. Index could be
described as ratio of reflectance.
• Derivative analysis (Red-edge position) The wavelength of maximum slope in the red edge
reflectance . The wavelength which has a maximum point of the first derivative reflectance. Index could be described as the specific wavelength . (Cho and Skidmore)
For example- Chlorophyll content can be explained by red-edge index
Red-Edge (Reflectance Ratio) (R734-747nm)/(R715-726nm)
Red Edge PositionThe maximum point of the first derivative reflectance
(Moss, 1991)
Derivative AnalysisNot only points but area and shape
(Filella, 1994)
High N rate Low N rate
• Maximum point – Longer wavelength (approx. 750 nm)– Peak of the reflectance pattern
• Large total area
• Maximum point-Shorter wavelength-Between 720 to 740 nm
• Small total area
• Highly correlated with - chlorophyll content (Meer, 2007)
- plant biomass (Mutanga, 2004)
• Less affected by soil background (Jong, 2007)
• Very narrow bands needed to be observed• Complicated method to determine REP -The simple maximum derivatie -Linear interpolation (Guyot and Baret, 1988) -Inverted Gaussianmodelling (Miller et al., 1990) -High orderpolynomial fitting (Pu et al., 2003) -Linear extrapolation techniques (Cho and Skidmore ) -Lagrangian interpolation technique (Dawson and Curran, 1998)
Red-Edge Points
Potential to be a new index for determine N rate?• Yes, especially biomass completely covers ground
Red650nm
NIR780nm
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.30
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1NDVI at Different Biomass Level
Feekes 4Feekes 5Feekes 7Feekes 10
Degree of Plant Biomass
NDVI
• However, need to be discussed - Red-edge, What are you looking for? Red-edge
reflectance, point, shape, or area? - Looking at very narrow bands, work in practical fields?
Thank you
References• Meer, F.V.D., and S.M. de Jong. 2006. Imaging spectrometry for agriculture applications. In: Imaging
spectrometry: Basic principal and prospective application, eds. Clevers, J. G. P. W. and R. Jongschaap, pp.157-197. Dordrecht, Netherlands : Springer.
• Seager, S., E.L. Turner, J. Schafer, and E.B. Ford. 2005. Vegetation’s Red edge: a possible spectroscopic biosignature of extraterrestrial plants. Astrophysics. 5: 372-390.
• Dixit, L. and S. Ram. 1985. Quantitative analysis by derivative electronic spectroscopy. Appl. Spectr. Rev. 21:311-418.
• Cho, M.A, A.K. Skidmore, C. Atzberger.. Towards red-edge positions less sensitive to canopy biophysical parameters using prospect-sailh simulated data. http://www.isprs.org/proceedings/XXXVI/part7/PDF/115.pdf
• Cho, M.A. and Skidmore, A.K., In Press. A new technique for extracting the red edge position from hyperspectral data: The linear extrapolation method. Remote Sensing of Environment.
• Guyot, G. and Baret, F., 1988. Utilisation de la haute resolution spectrale pour suivre l'etat des couverts vegetaux, Proceedings of the 4th International colloquim on spectral signatures of objects in remote sensing. ESA SP-287, Assois, France, pp. 279-286.
• Miller, J.R., Hare, E.W. and Wu, J., 1990. Quantitative characterization of the red edge reflectance. An inverted- Gaussian reflectance model. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 11(10): 1755-1773.
• Pu, R., Gong, P., Biging, G.S. and Larrieu, M.R., 2003. Extraction of red edge optical parameters from Hyperion• data for estimation of forest leaf area index. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 41(4): 916-
921.• Dawson, T.P. and Curran, P.J., 1998. A new technique for interpolating red edge position. International
Journal of Remote Sensing, 19(11): 2133-2139.
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