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PRODUCT GUIDE
SOLSPERSE®Hyperdispersants
SOLPLUS®Hyperdispersants
LANCO™ THIX Thickener
IRCOGEL®
Rheology Control Agents
SOLTHIX ®Rheology Control Agents
HECTONE™ Thickener
SOLSPERSE®Hyperdispersants
SOLPLUS®Hyperdispersants
Hyperdispersants and Rheology Control
Additives for Paints and Coatings
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Introduction
What this Guide Covers
This guide overviews the wide range of dispersant
technology offered by Lubrizol under the SOLSPERSE®
and SOLPLUS® tradenames as well as the extensive
range of rheology control additives like HECTONE™,
LANCO™ THIX, IRCOGEL® and SOLTHIX ®.
SOLSPERSE® and SOLPLUS® Hyperdispersants cover
a wide range of applications; almost any combination
of solid particulate being dispersed into a liquid medium
can be catered for. SOLPLUS® Hyperdispersants have
primarily been developed to meet the needs of the
plastics industry. They are also effective in certain coatings
applications.
HECTONE®, LANCO™ THIX, IRCOGEL®, and SOLTHIX ®
product lines have been developed to provide effective
rheology control for many coating systems, aiding pigment
suspension and preventing sag.
www.lubrizolcoatings.com
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Hyperdispersants for Paints and Coatings
Benefits of using Hyperdispersants 4
Influence of Solvent Solubility on Product Selection 5
Formulation Guidelines 6 - 8
Hyperdispersants - Product List 9 - 10
Hyperdispersants - Technical Literature 11
Rheology Control Additives / Thickeners - Overview 12 - 13
Rheology Control Additives / Thickeners - Product List 14 - 15
Contents
3
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Hyperdispersants for Paints and Coatings
4
EXCELLENT PIGMENT WETTING
QUALITY FLEXIBILITY PRODUCTIVITY
HIGHER COLOUR STRENGTH
HIGHER GLOSSREDUCED HAZE
INCREASED JETNESS
BETTER TRANSPARENCY
GREATER OPACITY
FASTER DISPERSION
LOWER ENERGY COSTS&
BETTER MILL UTILISATION
LESS NEED FOR
WETTING RESIN
PREVENTS INTER-PARTICLE ATTRACTION
QUALITY PRODUCTIVITY FLEXIBILITY FLEXIBILITY
BETTER FLOCCULATION
RESISTANCE
REDUCES MILLBASE
VISCOSITY TO ALLOW
HIGHER PIGMENT
CONTENT
ABILITY TO INCREASE
PRODUCTION VOLUMES
REDUCES PIGMENT
CONTRIBUTION TO
VISCOSITY OF COATINGS
REDUCED VOC
STABILISES
CONCENTRATES
AT LOW RESIN SOLIDS
MULTI-MEDIA TINTERS
WHICH ARE STORAGE
& TRANSPORT STABLE
Benefits of using Hyperdispersants
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Influence of Solvent Solubility on Product Selection
For a polymeric Hyperdispersant to be effective, it must be soluble in the solvent in to which the pigment or filler is being
dispersed. The solvent medium used during dispersion is therefore the main criteria used in product selection. The main
grades offered for a range of solvents are mapped out below:
With certain organic pigments, it may be advantageous to include the use of a SOLSPERSE ® ‘synergist’ in combination
with the polymeric SOLSPERSE® Hyperdispersant. The synergist agents help to improve the interaction between the
polymeric SOLSPERSE® agent and the surface of certain organic pigments (e.g. phthalocyanine blues, greens) and carbon
black pigments. The synergist Hyperdispersants include:
SOLSPERSE® 5000 - for use on organic blues/greens and carbon black pigments in solvent based systems
SOLSPERSE® 12000 - for use on organic blues/greens and carbon black pigments in water and alcohol based systems
SOLSPERSE® 22000 - for use on certain organic red and yellow pigments in solvent based systems
The recommended polymeric Hyperdispersant : synergist ratios are
- 2 : 1 for carbon black pigments,
- 4 : 1 for organic blue/green pigments and
- 9 : 1 for organic red/yellow pigments.
13240
24000
26000
21000
13300
19000
11200
13650
64000
47000
20000
40000
41090
27000
72700
36000
35100
36000
41000
39000
32000
24000
36600
28000
32600
3000
Aliphatic
(white spirit, mineral spirit,
petroleum distillates,
paraffin solvent,
vegetable oils)
Aromatics
(toluene, xylene, Solvesso 100,
solvent naptha) Aromatic/
Ester Mixtures
UV Monomer
(acrylates, vinyl ether)
SOLSPERSE®
Mixtures of
Ester/Ketone
(butyl acetate, MPA,
EEP/MEK, MIAK,
MIBK, acetone)
Alcohol
(ethanol)
Water
Universal
(ethylene glycol,
propylene glycol,
hexylene glycol,
glycol/water)46000
66000
organic pigment inorganic pigment
8000
44000
20000
38500
76500
32500
71000
65000
76400
35000
5
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Minimal resin
SOLSPERSE® Hyperdispersants are widely used in
applications where resins are a component of the millbase
e.g. paints and coatings.
Anchoring of the SOLSPERSE® Hyperdispersant to the
pigment surface can be affected by competition between
the resin and the Hyperdispersant for the surface of the
particle. Once the SOLSPERSE® Hyperdispersant anchor
group is attached to the pigment surface it will remain
firmly attached. Molecules of resin, however, are transiently
adsorbed on the surface of the pigment and, even though
not firmly anchored, they can still hinder the SOLSPERSE®
Hyperdispersant anchoring process. The competition for
the pigment surface, resulting from using “good wetting”
resins, is the most severe case.
In the presence of SOLSPERSE® Hyperdispersants, good
“wetting” or “grinding” resins need not necessarily be
selected for use in the dispersion medium. Other resins,
more suitable to end-film properties, can be used since
SOLSPERSE®
Hyperdispersants will provide the essentialpigment wetting function. We recommend that MINIMUM
resin solids are used in the millbase, but present in
sufficient quantities to produce the necessary let-down
stability or to produce final coatings with the appropriate
resin and solvent contents. If relatively good wetting resins
are used, we recommend using approximately 10% resin-
solids solution as the grinding medium and, for relatively
poor wetting resins, the minimum amount up to the level
conventionally used.
Need for a higher pigment loading
When using SOLSPERSE® Hyperdispersants, we have
described above the need to minimise the amount of resin
in the millbase. In doing so the contribution from the resin to
the viscosity of the millbase is reduced. Furthermore, since
SOLSPERSE® Hyperdispersants reduce inter-particulate
attraction, they reduce the viscosity contribution from
the pigment. Therefore using less resin, together with
SOLSPERSE® Hyperdispersant, means that the millbase
viscosity will be dramatically reduced.
SOLSPERSE® Hyperdispersants will also reduce the
viscosity of non-resin-containing dispersions e.g. plasticiser
dispersions. This lowering of viscosity may occur to such an
extent that there could be insufficient shear in the system
to facilitate effective dispersion. It is therefore essential
to increase the pigment content of a SOLSPERSE®
Hyperdispersant millbase to ensure adequate shear. This
is necessary for most effective pigment dispersion.
SOLSPERSE® Hyperdispersant
Formulation Guidelines
6
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Method of Use and Dosage
1. Select the correct polymeric SOLSPERSE® Hyperdis-
persant according to the solvent system in the millbase
or tinter formulation.
2. With certain organic pigments, it may be advantageous
to include the use of a SOLSPERSE® synergist in
combination with the polymeric SOLSPERSE®
Hyperdispersant. The synergist agent helps to improve
the polarity of the surface of various organic pigments
(i.e. phthalocyanine blue, green and certain carbon
blacks) and increase the performance of the polymeric
SOLSPERSE® agent.
SOLSPERSE® 5000
(blue synergist for solvent based systems)
SOLSPERSE® 12000
(blue synergist for water based and alcohol solvent
systems)
SOLSPERSE®
22000(yellow synergist for solvent based systems)
The recommended polymeric to synergist ratios are
- 2 : 1 (carbon black),
- 4 : 1 (blue, green),
- 9 : 1 (red, yellow).
3. The quantity of polymeric SOLSPERSE® Hyperdispersant
to use is generally based on 2 mg/m2 of pigment surface
area. The generic formula for the calculation of theoretical
dosage is:
% Active SOLSPERSE®
Hyperdispersant on
weight of pigment
For example
Typically, the surface area of a phthalocyanine blue
pigment is 50 m2 /g.
% AOWP =50
=10% polymeric SOLSPERSE®
5 A gent On the Weight of Pigment
So, a typical dosage would be:
Phthalocyanine blue pigment 30.0
Polymeric SOLSPERSE® agent 3.0 (equivalent to 10% AOWP)
However, for phthalocyanine blue a SOLSPERSE®
synergist (e.g. SOLSPERSE® 5000) is used in addition to
the polymeric SOLSPERSE® agent, usually at a ratio of
4 : 1;
polymeric SOLSPERSE® : SOLSPERSE® synergist.
So, the final millbase formulation would be:
Phthalocyanine blue pigment 30.0Polymeric SOLSPERSE® agent 3.0SOLSPERSE® synergist 0.75
20% resin solids solution 66.25
100.00
A ladder series of polymeric SOLSPERSE® Hyperdispersant
levels should be carried out around this 2 mg/m2 level.
The Additives Selection Tool (AST) on our website
http://ast.lubrizol.com can assist in the choice ofSOLSPERSE® Hyperdispersant and provide guidelines on
a starting dosage. pigment surface area (m2 /g)=
5
(equivalentto 4:1 ratio)
7
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4. Avoid other additives in the dispersion phase (e.g.
thixotropes) which may interfere with the efficiency of
the SOLSPERSE® Hyperdispersant in its dispersion of
the pigment.
5. In general use a low amount of resin in the dispersion
(maximum 10%) to try and minimise the competition
between the resin and the SOLSPERSE®Hyperdispersant
for the wetting of the pigment surface.
6. The recommended order of addition is:
a) Dissolve the polymeric SOLSPERSE® Hyperdispersant
in the millbase solvent(s) or in the solvent/resin mixture,
ensuring that the product is fully dissolved before
proceeding further
b) If required, add the synergist and distribute evenly with
stirring (note: the synergist is virtually insoluble)
c) Add the pigment in stages and disperse in the normal
manner
7. As a result of the effect of SOLSPERSE® Hyperdispersant
and reduced resin solids, the dispersion viscosity is lower.
To achieve an acceptable milling viscosity, gradually
increase the pigment loading.
8. After milling, continue to process as normal, adding any
other additives necessary, into the letdown phase.
SOLSPERSE® Hyperdispersant
Formulation Guidelines
8
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Hyperdispersants - Product List
PRODUCT PHYSICAL DESCRIPTIONPACKAGE
SIZE* (kg)
% SOLIDS
CONTENT
SOLVENT SUITABLE
APPLICATION(S)
SHELF
LIFESOLSPERSE® 5000 Blue powder B15 100 - SYNERGIST 10 Years
SOLSPERSE® 8000 Brown viscous liquid D20 / D180 100 - Industrial & decorative 2 Years
SOLSPERSE® 11200 Amber liquid D20 / D180 50De-aromatised
white spiritDecorative 2 Years
SOLSPERSE® 12000 Blue powder B25 100 - SYNERGIST 10 Years
SOLSPERSE® 13240 Amber liquid D20 / D150 40 Toluene Industrial 1 Year
SOLSPERSE® 13300 Amber liquid D20 / D150 50De-aromatised
white spiritDecorative 2 Years
SOLSPERSE® 13650 Yellow viscous liquid D20 / D150 50 DUP *** Industrial & Decorative 2 Years
SOLSPERSE® 13940 Waxy paste/viscous liquid D20 / D150 40 Aliphatic distillate Industrial & marine 2 Years
SOLSPERSE® 19000 Viscous brown liquid D20 / D150 100 - Industrial & Decorative 2 Years
SOLSPERSE® 20000 Amber liquidD25 / D190 /
I1000100 - Water based applications 5 Years
SOLSPERSE® 22000 Yellow powder B20 100 - SYNERGIST 10 Years
SOLSPERSE® 24000 SC Amber granules D25 100 - Automotive & industrial 2 Years
SOLSPERSE® 24000 GR Amber granules D25 100 - Automotive & industrial 2 Years
SOLSPERSE® 26000 Cream coloured powder D25 100 - Automotive & industrial 2 Years
SOLSPERSE® 27000Pale yellow to amber viscous
liquid
D25 / D180 /
I1000100 - Water based applications 5 Years
SOLSPERSE® 28000 Amber to brown viscous liquid D20 100 - Industrial 2 Years
SOLSPERSE® 32000 Pale yellow to brown waxy solid D20 100 - Radiation cured coatings 2 Years
SOLSPERSE® 32500 Orange/yellow viscous liquid D20 / D180 40 Butyl acetate Automotive & industrial 2 Years
SOLSPERSE® 32600 Orange/yellow viscous liquid D20 / D180 40 Solvesso 100 Automotive & industrial 2 Years
SOLSPERSE® 35000 Yellow/brown solids D20 100 - Radiation cured coatings 2 Years
SOLSPERSE® 35100 Pale yellow to brown liquid D20 / D180 40 Butyl acetate Automotive & industrial 2 Years
SOLSPERSE® 36000 Off-white to yellow waxy solid D20 / D180 100 - Radiation cured coatings2 Years
SOLSPERSE® 36600Colourless to yellow viscous
liquidD20 50 Solvesso 100 Automotive & industrial 2 Years
SOLSPERSE® 38500 Yellow to brown viscous liquid D20 40 MPA Multi-media tinters 2 Years
SOLSPERSE® 39000Pale yellow to brown viscous
liquidD20 / D150 100 - Radiation cured coatings 2 Years
SOLSPERSE® 40000 Pale brown viscous liquid P25 /P200 84 Water Water based applications 2 Years
SOLSPERSE® 41000 Pale brown viscous liquid P25 / P200 100 - Radiation cured coatings 2 Years
SOLSPERSE® 41090 Pale brown viscous liquid P25 / P200 90 Water Water based applications 2 Years
SOLSPERSE® 44000 Yellow viscous liquid P25 / P200 50 Water Water based applications 1 Year
SOLSPERSE® 46000 Yellow viscous liquid P25 / P200 50 Water Water based applications 2 Years
SOLSPERSE® 47000 Amber liquid P25 / P200 40 Water Water based applications 2 Years
SOLSPERSE® 53095 Pale brown viscous liquid P25 95 Water Decorative 2 Years
SOLSPERSE® 64000 Amber clear liquid D20 / D180 100 - Decorative 2 Years
SOLSPERSE® 65000 Amber hazy liquid P25 / P200 90 Water Decorative 2 Years
SOLSPERSE® 66000 Pale brown viscous liquid P20 100 - Decorative 2 Years
KEY: *Packaging: B = box, D = drum, I = IBC, P = plastic drum; **methoxy propyl acetate; ***diundecyl phthalate
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Hyperdispersants - Product List
10
PRODUCT PHYSICAL DESCRIPTIONPACKAGE
SIZE* (kg)
% SOLIDS
CONTENT
SOLVENT SUITABLE
APPLICATION(S)
SHELF
LIFESOLSPERSE® 71000 Yellow viscous liquid D20 / D180 100 - Radiation cured coatings 2 Years
SOLSPERSE® 72700 Colourless to pale yellow liquid D20 / D180 40 Ethyl acetateSolvent based packaging
inks2 Years
SOLSPERSE® 76400Clear to pale yellow/brown
liquidD20 / D180 50 MPA** Automotive & industrial 2 Years
SOLSPERSE® 76500 Yellow/brown liquid D20 / D180 50 Butyl acetate Automotive & industrial 2 Years
SOLSPERSE® RM 50 Amber viscous liquid D190 50 MPA Automotive & industrial 2 Years
Humectant GRB2 Straw coloured liquid P125 / I1000 80 Water Decorative 1 Year
Humectant GRB3 Straw coloured liquid P125 / I1000 90 Water Decorative 1 Year
SOLPLUS® D510 Yellow viscous liquid D20 / D180 100 - Epoxy systems 2 Years
SOLPLUS®
D540 Amber, brown liquid P20 / P200 100 -
Decorative
(transparent iron oxide) 2 Years
SOLPLUS® F100 Clear, pale yellow liquid D20 / D180 - - Air release agent /
Epoxy systems1 Year
SOLPLUS® L300 Amber powder D25 100 - Powder coatings 2 Years
SOLPLUS® L400 Pale amber powder D25 100 - Powder coatings 2 Years
KEY: *Packaging: B = box, D = drum, I = IBC, P = plastic drum; **methoxy propyl acetate; ***diundecyl phthalate
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Hyperdispersants - Technical Literature
For further information on the benefits of using SOLSPERSE® Hyperdispersants including methods of use and example
formulations, please refer to the following pieces of Technical Literature:
DOCUMENT TITLE APPLICATION
Hyperdispersants Technology and Benefits General
SOLSPERSE® Synergists General
SOLSPERSE® 27000 for the Dispersion of Organic Pigments in Water Based Paints Water
SOLSPERSE® 40000 and SOLSPERSE® 41090 for the Dispersion of Inorganic Pigments
in Water Based PaintsWater
SOLSPERSE® 44000 for Automotive and Industrial Water Based Tinters Water
SOLSPERSE®
46000 for Automotive and Industrial Water Based Tinters Water
SOLSPERSE® 47000 for Decorative and Industrial Water Based Tinters Water
HUMECTANT GRB2 for Water Based Resin Free Tinters Water
HUMECTANT GRB3 for Water Based Resin Free Tinters Water
SOLSPERSE® 64000, SOLSPERSE® 65000 and SOLSPERSE® 66000 for Universal Decorative Tinters Universal
SOLSPERSE® 8000 for Solvent Based Organoclay Dispersions Solvent
SOLSPERSE® 11200 for Solvent Based Decorative Paints Solvent
SOLSPERSE® 13300 for the Dispersion of Pigments in High Solids SB Decorative Paints Solvent
SOLSPERSE® 13940 for Aliphatic (Mineral Spirit) Based Paints Solvent
SOLSPERSE® 28000 for Solvent Based Pigment Concentrates for General Industrial Paints Solvent
SOLSPERSE® 32500 and SOLSPERSE® 32600 for Solvent Based Automotive and General Industrial Paints Solvent
SOLSPERSE® 35100 for the Dispersion of Organic Pigments in Solvent Based Automotive OEM and VR Paints Solvent
SOLSPERSE® 36600 for White Coil Coating Applications Solvent
SOLSPERSE® 38500 for Solvent Based Multi-Media Pigment Concentrates Solvent
SOLSPERSE® 53095 for Solvent Based White Decorative and Architectural Paints Solvent
SOLSPERSE® 76500 for Automotive and General Industrial Solvent Based Paints Solvent
SOLSPERSE® RM50 Multi-Compatible Dispersing Resin Solvent
SOLSPERSE® 41000 for the Dispersion of Treated Silica Matting Agents in UV Coatings Radiation cured
SOLSPERSE® 71000 for the Dispersion of Silica Matting Agents in UV Coatings Radiation cured
SOLPLUS® L300 for the Dispersion of Pigments in Powder Coating Systems Powder
SOLPLUS® L400 for the Dispersion of Titanium Dioxide in Powder Coating Systems Powder
11
Technical literature can be downloaded from the internet by registering for the Lubrizol Hyperdispersants “Additives
Selection Tool” at http://ast.lubrizol.com or alternatively, documents can be requested from your local sales representative
or from the appropriate regional contact number printed on the back of this document.
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Montmorrillonite Clay
HECTONE™ H
Rheology control additive based on Montmorrillonite clay for
water based coatings including highly filled emulsion paints,
plasters and building products. Provides reproducible
thixotropic behaviour. Can be post-added. Offers effective
sag resistance and antisettling.
HECTONE™ M
Rheology control additive based on chemically inert purified
Montmorrillonite clay for water based coatings including
emulsion paints, adhesives and related products. Acts as
a thickening agent providing good thickening, antisettling
and sag control.
HECTONE™ M4
Rheology control additive of purified Montmorrillonite clay
based on a thixotropic gel for water based coatings
including emulsion paints, adhesives and related products.
Acts as a thickening agent providing good thickening,antisettling and sag control.
LANCO™ THIX P 12
Rheology control additive based on Montmorrillonite clay
for water based systems like emulsion paints and building
products, e.g. adhesives, plasters, putties and sealants.
Gives thixotropic gels that provide efficient thickening
and good antisettling properties with good stability to
temperature, pH and electrolytes.
HMASE and ASE Types
SOLTHIX ® A100
Rheology control additive based on a hydrophobically
modified alkali swellable associative thickener for water
based automotive and general industrial paints. Improves
dispersion rheology and settling in aqueous paints,
especially enhancing the flop characteristics in water borne
metallic coatings.
SOLTHIX ® A200
Rheology control additive based on an alkali swellable
emulsion thickener for water based automotive and general
industrials paints. Improves dispersion rheology and settling
in aqueous paints resulting in a medium yield value.
SOLTHIX ® A300
Rheology control additive based on an alkali swellable
emulsion thickener for water based automotive and general
industrials paints. Wide compatibility and excellent sag
control which may be used alone or in conjunction withSOLTHIX ® A200 for optimum rheology.
Rheology Control Additives / Thickeners - Overview
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Acrylic Polymer
SOLTHIX ® 250
Rheology control additive based on an acrylic polymer
supplied in MPA (1-Methoxy-2-Propyl Acetate). Especially
effective in applications using an unblocked acid catalyst
such as solvent borne automotive, industrial and decorative
systems that contain a moderate to high pigmentation level.
Providing excellent thixotropic recovery and sag resistance
while maintaining a high gloss finish.
Overbased Calcium Sulfonate Gel
IRCOGEL® 900
Rheology control additive based on an overbased calcium
sulphonate gel supplied as a stiff gel for sag control in PVC
plastisols, adhesives and sealants. Maintains yield value
during cure cycle thus decreasing product defects, and
flow of the coating during application. Controls sag in PVC
plastisol coatings and similar materials by creating a more
shear-thinning rheological behavior.
IRCOGEL® 903
Rheology control additive based on an overbased calcium
sulphonate gel supplied in DINP as a soft pourable gel for
PVC plastisols, adhesives and sealants and liquid colour
concentrate systems. Possesses very good sag control
at all temperatures. Maintains good flow due to minimal
thickening effect.
IRCOGEL® 904
Rheology control additive based on an overbased calcium
sulphonate gel supplied in mineral spirit as a pourable
liquid for PVC organosols coatings and sealants. Provides
very good sag control at higher temperatures. Possesses
effective antisettling properties.
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EUROPE - MIDDLE EAST - AFRICA
Lubrizol Limited
PO Box 42
Hexagon Tower
Blackley
Manchester M9 8ZS
England
Tel: +44 (0) 161 721 2004
Fax: +44 (0) 161 721 5209
Website: www.solsperse.com
E-mail: additives@lubrizol.com
ASIA PACIFIC
Lubrizol Southeast Asia (Pte) Limited
41 Science Park Road
04-11 The Gemini
Singapore Science Park ll
Singapore 117610
Tel: +65 6773 1180
Fax: +65 6773 6988
JAPAN
Lubrizol Japan Limited
Meiji-Yasuda Seimei
Sakaisuji-honmachi Building
10F 1-7-15 Minami-Honmachi
Chuo-ku Osaka 541-0054
Japan
Tel: +81 (0) 6 4705 7252
Fax: +81 (0) 6 4705 7257
Your contact for Hyperdispersants and Rheology Control Additives:
The infor mation co ntaine d herein is beli eved to be rel iable, but no represent ations , guarantees or war ranties of any kind ar e made as to its accu racy, suit abil ity for pa rtic ular appli cations or the re-sults to be obtained. T he information is ba sed on laboratory work with small-s cale equipment and does not necessar ily indicate end product performance. Because of the variations in methods, con-ditions and equipment used commercially in process ing these materials, no warranties or guarantees are made as to the suitability of the products for the applications disclosed. Full-scale testing and endproduct performance are the responsibility of the user. Lubrizol shall not be liable for and the customer assumes all risk and liability of any use or handling of any material beyond Lubrizol‘s direct control.
The SELLER MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.Nothing contained herein is to be considered as permission, recommendation, nor as an inducement to practice any patented invention without permission of the patent owner.
® SOLSPERSE, SOLPLUS, IRCOGEL and SOLTHIX are registered trademarks of The Lubrizol Corporation.™ LANCO and HECTONE are trademarks of The Lubrizol Corporation.© The Lubrizol Corporation 2011 all rights reserved
www.lubrizolcoatings.com
Global Headquarters
Lubrizol Advanced Materials, Inc.
9911 Brecksville Road
Cleveland, OH 44141-3247
Tel: + 1 - 216 - 447 - 5000
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