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Macedonia, Philip II, and Alexander the Great. Macedonia. To the north of Greece Probably related to Greeks and spoke similar language Greeks saw them as “ barbarians ”. Philip II (lived 382-336 BC). At age 21, Macedonian King Philip II unites Macedonia under his rule - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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To the north of Greece Probably related to Greeks and spoke similar
language Greeks saw them as
“barbarians”
Macedonia
At age 21, Macedonian King Philip II unites
Macedonia under his rule Reorganizes the army to be more professional
and effective Soldiers were paid Phalanx equipped with 18 foot spears
Philip II (lived 382-336 BC)
The Greek city-states were weak from years of
fighting amongst each other (Peloponnesian War)
The Athenian statesman Demosthenes tried to convince the Greeks to unite against Macedonia The Greeks didn’t unite until it was too late
Invades Greece
Athens and Thebes lead a
united Greek army to confront Philip at the Battle of Chaeronea in 338 BC
Although outnumbered, the Macedonians win
Philip’s 18 year old son, Alexander proves himself a capable commander during the battle
Greece will be ruled by foreigners until the 1800’s AD
Battle of Chaeronea
Philip installed garrisons of troops in most
Greek cities He also made alliances with the Greek city-
states He planned to use these Greeks’ armies and
navies in his invasion of Persia
How did he control mountainous Greece?
In 336 BC, Philip is assassinated and
Alexander becomes king at age 20 He quickly consolidated power
Alexander becomes King
In 334 BC he crossed into Asia Minor to
conquer Persia Alexander won battles throughout Asia Minor
and Mesopotamia In fact, Alexander the Great never lost a
battle!
Alexander invades Persia
Siege of Tyre
Alexander in Egypt
Alexander was welcomed as a liberator in Egypt.
They even crowned him pharaoh, a title future Macedonia rulers used in Egypt
Alexander’s Conquests
Alexander died at age 32 in Babylon He left no
legitimate heir. Empire
divided amonghis generals
Alexander’s Successors
Among the most famous of Alexander’s
successors was Ptolemy He set up the Ptolemaic pharaoh dynasty in
Egypt. Among his decedents, and the last Ptolemaic
king in Egypt was Cleopatra VII.
Ptolemy
One of the lasting impacts of Alexander’s
conquests was the spread of Greek culture to Persia, India, and Egypt
This blended culture is called Hellenistic. Greeks moved into the Hellenistic kingdoms
and built cities, further spreading Greek influence.
The Hellenistic kingdoms would continue untl they were conquered by Rome in the 1st century BC (100’s BC)
Hellenistic Culture
One of Alexanria’s
most famous creations was a library that held over 500,000 scrolls
The library was a research institution Many great thinkers
of the time worked there including Archimedes and Euclid
Library at Alexandria
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