Making the Most of CVs Ontology Scope Note: Branch of philosophy that deals with being Branch of...

Ontology Ontology Scope Note: Scope Note: Branch of Branch of philosophy philosophy that deals that deals with being with being Broader Term: Broader Term: Metaphysics Metaphysics Philosophy Philosophy Theology Theology Related Related Terms: Terms: SoulSoul

Making the Most of Controlled Vocabularies in Search Interfaces

ASIS&T IA Summit 2005

Montreal

March 7, 2005

presented byChris Farnum

Information Architect

Outline

Goal – share techniques for making controlled vocabularies, indexing, and metadata accessible to searchers

• Intro/Background• “More like this”• Browsing Controlled Vocabularies• Field Indexes• Thesauri• Search term suggestions

Introductions

Chris Farnum

• Information Architect and Usability Design Product Manager, ProQuest

• previously worked with Argus Associates and Compuware

• 7+ years IA experience• LIS background – U. Mich. SILS• 5 years library public service

• crfarnum@yahoo.com• chris.farnum@il.proquest.com

ProQuest Search Redesign<< Before

After >>

Background

Rich Metadata Available(ABI/INFORM Global and others)• Subject• Company• Person• Location• Classification Codes• NAICS/SIC• Document Type• and more…

Background

Guiding principles:• Find multiple ways to leverage metadata,

especially facets.• Place opportunities to use and learn about

metadata in the path of the user’s workflow but don’t require people to use them.

• Balance needs of expert and novice searchers.

• Make search tools context sensitive, so they appear when/where they are useful.

#1 “More like this…”

Enable the “berry picking” strategy advocated by librarians.

• Let users see the metadata!• Hyperlink terms for sideways

searching.• Allow users to combine terms and

launch a search from the document level.

Ovid – Wilson Business Abstracts

bibliographic metadata

faceted classification indexing

to combine terms…

Best Practices

• “More like this” enables bottom up searching

• Multiple ways to implement “more like this”• User chooses facets/terms• Fully automatic

#2 Browsing Controlled Vocabularies

An alternative to searching.

Not all users are search-dominant.• Complements searching• Browsing is better for some tasks

Browsing in ProQuest

• A separate area in the IA especially for browsing.

• Editorially managed taxonomy / directory• Data-driven browsing powered by facetted

index term associations (co-occuring terms)• Browsing within special content collections

(publications)

Editorially created taxonomy

Look up index terms

restrict to facets

narrow by co-occurring terms

to results

breadcrumb navigation

Location

Category

Channel

Facetted drill-down is data-driven, but functions as a taxonomy.

Best Practices

• Offer novices assistance exploring and narrowing topics.

• Include a separate/alternate area for user who prefer browsing. Not everyone is search-dominant.

• Support data-driven facetted browsing when possible – very flexible and always up to date.

#3 Field Indexes

Field indexes can be tools for helping users build queries.

• Enable users to find valid terms to use for searching specific fields.

• Assist users who don’t know your search engine’s syntax.

• Can be data-driven or based on static lists.

OCLC FirstSearch

browseable indexes / pop-ups

abrasiv

Best Practices

• Make it simple - the look-up process and the steps to add terms to a search.

• Make tools optional but accessible.• Types of tools

• Static / editorially created• Data-driven A-Z lookups• Tools for exploring facets / narrowing

#4 Thesauri

Got a thesaurus? Incorporate it into the search interface.

• Thesauri make can useful tools for building searches.

• Allow users to explore related terms and find approved terms.

• Experts will appreciate it, novice searchers can learn from it.

PubMed

Best Practices

• Primary user audience should determine how prominent the thesaurus and the complexity of its structure appears.

• Ways to incorporate:• Tool that assists in building a query.• Separate search mode.• Behind the scenes – for example, the search

engine automatically searches on synonyms

#5 Search Term SuggestionsEnable narrowing and browsing within

the context of search.• The majority of searches entered by

users are 1 or 2 keywords.• No separate starting point required -

users begin with the search box.• Helps focus keyword queries by

suggesting better/alternate terms and categories.

• Integrates searching and browsing.

ProQuest Smart Search

Database / context sensitive – it’s aware of the database or combination of databases currently active

Step 1 - Suggestions based on the user’s query:• topic terms (subjects, companies, people,

locations) or pairs of terms AND-ed together

• PublicationsStep 2 – Narrow as in topic guide with results

visible.

1st results screen – suggestions

Null results - suggestions

2nd screen – narrowing using co-occurring index terms

ProQuest Smart Search

How it works: • Several methods used to analyze and match

keywords with index terms.• Exact matches• Accounts for synonym relationships• Co-occurrences with keywords and other index

terms• Associations with full text keywords in

documents viewed/printed• Editorially created associations

• Suggests paired combinations of terms if more than one keyword is entered.

• Suggests publications that are exact keyword matches and those with high numbers of matching index terms.

Best Practices

• Decide whether you are narrowing within the results set or making suggestions from across the while database.

• Integrate suggestions into the results screen.

• Include breadcrumbs.

Final Thoughts

• Use these models as inspiration, not a template.

• Choose and adapt them to your audience’s needs.

• If you are investing in rich controlled vocabularies, these strategies can help to make the fruits of your labors more visible.

Live Demo (as time allows)A tour of ProQuest’s search UI and controlled

vocabs.

ProQuest (authentication required)

Let’s play stump Smart Search!

Got a favorite search to try?

For those playing at home, see the online promo for Smart Search:

http://www.proquest.com/division/pqnext/previews/SmartSearch/

Special thanks to…

Information Architecture for the World Wide Web 2nd Ed. (Lou Rosenfeld and Peter Morville)

Search Engine Watch (Danny Sullivan) - http://searchenginewatch.com/

Dan Hepp, John Law, and Hania Kutcher for their keys roles in designing the Smart Search technology the ProQuest user interface.

Contact

Chris FarnumInformation ArchitectProQuest Information and LearningAnn Arbor, MI

crfarnum@yahoo.comchris.farnum@il.proquest.comwork phone: 734.975.6214

url: http://crfarnum.webhop.info

Making the Most of CVs Ontology Scope Note: Branch of philosophy that deals with being Branch of...

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