Marc Prensky marc@games2train.com © 2008 Marc Prensky New York City Department of Education Using...

Marc Prenskymarc@games2train.comwww.marcprensky.com

New York City Department of Education

Using Technology for Differentiationto Meet the Needs of All Learners

October 6, 2008New York, NY

My Education Credentials (1)

• Master of Arts in Teaching (Yale)

• Taught NYC High School Math (5 yrs)

• Ran a NYC Street Academy

• Taught Elementary School French

• Taught College Music

• Still Tutor Algebra & Geometry

• Have interviewed close to 1000 kids

My Education Credentials (2)

I am a proud productof the NYC school system!!

• PS 63, 201• JHS 216 (Campbell)• Jamaica High School

• FL, L.A. Virtual Schools Courses• Chemistry Game (MeCHeM)

• Physics Game (Waste of Space)

• Periodic Table Cell Phone Game (EleMental)

• Financial Literacy Game (MoneyU)

• GAMES A LA CARTE – Make your own• Algebra I Game (The Algebots, in development)

• Reading Teacher Game (to come)

Education Projects

My Company

My Latest Book:

How Computer and Video GamesAre Preparing Your Kids

for Twenty-first Century Success – and How You Can Help!

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TRANSLATIONS

1. How do we engage students?

2. How should we teach them?

4. What is the role of the teacher with regard to technology?

3. What is the role of technology?

How do we engage today’s students?

Video: A Vision of K-12 Students Today

“ENGAGE MEor

ENRAGE ME” – Dr. Kip Leland LAUSD LAVA

The issue is NOT thateducators don’t know

about engagement

The issue is thatEngagement is changing

“little us’s”

anymore!

Did You Have A Good Summer?

Did Your Kids?

How many of youhave sent an email

in the past 24 hours?

“Email is forold people”

– A student

– A headline in The Chronicle of Higher Education

You Tube: Young Kids on Cell Phones at Party

• 5-10,000 hours Video Games• 250,000 emails & IMs• 10,000 hours on cell phones• 20,000 hours TV &You Tube• 500,000 commercials

• < 5,000 hours book reading

Why?Digital Technology

by age 21, on average:

• 2 billion ring tones per year

• 2 billion songs per month

• 6 billion text messages per day

Relatively Slow Pace

Step-by-Step

One thing at a time

Text Primacy

Task-Oriented

Stand-Alone

Relatively Slow Pace

Step-by-Step

One thing at a time

Text Primacy

Task-Oriented

Stand-Alone

Sky (b. 2005)

What makes someone a

Digital Native?

XX√√

Knowledge?Capabilities?Attitude?Comfort Level?

What makes someone a Digital Native?

What makes someone a

Digital Immigrant?

• Printing out our e-mails• Not instinctively going to the Internet FIRST• Not sharing – thinking “Knowledge is Power”• Assuming “Real Life” happens only offline• Defining “Rigorous Learning” as ONLY – the teacher talking and students listening, – students doing boring worksheets. •Thinking the way WE learned to do things is the right (or, worse, the only) way

Those who didn’t grow upwith technology often have a

“Digital Immigrant Accent”

“There’s so much separation between how students think and how

teachers think”-- a (female) high school junior

• One size fits all

• Doing & Gameplay

Digital Natives

learn from

DigitalImmigrants

teach by

• One Thing at a Time

• Linear Stories

• Presenting & Telling

• Multi-tasking

• Lots of Choices

• Random Access & Exploring Options

• Delivering content • Being Engaged

• Face-to-face • Going Online

• Little change • Cont’s improvement

Some thinktechnologyis the answer

to getting engagement

But you can add all thetechnology

you want

And it won’t helpmuch…

If it’s not well-integratedwith the teaching

Today, engagement is

NO LONGERSomething we can do

TO students

withToday, we have to

In order to engage them in learning

Talk with them

Engaging With Students

We will find that

Our students areGLOBAL

CITIZENS!

“We wantto connect”

witheach other

and…

WithTHE

They want to affect the worldand improve it…

while they’restill in school!

And they want TOOLSthat make this

possible

Technology is changing

exponentiailly

Our Students’ Lives

[our kids were] “born to the idea of rapid change”

-- Nicola Griffith in Slow River (1995)

And in most fields…

…tools have changed

MedicineLaw

ScienceArchitectureAuto Repair

SailingFlying

Tools have changedfor our students

OUTSIDEof school

“After School”(21st century learning)

Future Learning –Stuff they Know they Need

PULLED BY KIDS= Exciting

Our Kids’ Education isSplitting Quickly Into

“School”(Credentials)

Legacy Stuff –Stuff that is Irrelevant

PUSHED ON KIDS= Boring

School “After School”

The emerging

ONLINE LIFEof the

Digital Native

The e-Life

Communicating IM, chat, texting

Sharing Blogs,MySpace,Facebook

Buying & Selling ebay, craigslist

Exchanging peer-to-peer

Learning Wikipedia, You Tube, search

Meeting Virtual Worlds

GamingOnline, MMORPGs, Cell Phones

Searching Info, connections, people

Analyzing SETI, drug molecules

Reporting Moblogs, photos

Programming Open systems, mods search

SocializingLearning social behavior, influence

Growing UpExploring, transgressing

Coordinating Projects, workgroups, MMORPGs

Evaluating Reputation systems–Epinions, Amazon, Slashdot

CollectingMp3s videos, sensor data

Creating

Sites, avatars, mods

EvolvingPeripheral, emergent behaviors

The e-Life

Communicating IM, chat, texting

Sharing Blogs,MySpace,Facebook

Buying & Selling ebay, craigslist

Exchanging peer-to-peer

Learning Wikipedia, You Tube, search

Meeting Virtual Worlds

GamingOnline, MMORPGs, Cell Phones

Searching Info, connections, people

Analyzing SETI, drug molecules

Reporting Moblogs, photos

Programming Open systems, mods search

SocializingLearning social behavior, influence

Growing UpExploring, transgressing

Coordinating Projects, workgroups, MMORPGs

Evaluating Reputation systems–Epinions, Amazon, Slashdot

CollectingMp3s videos, sensor data

Creating

Sites, avatars, mods

EvolvingPeripheral, emergent behaviors

…for them, tool switching is already close to instantaneous

Yahoo Search

Hard Drive

Google Search

You Tube

Flash Memory

“The single largest differentiator …

is the social network.”

-- Jack Mckenzie, SVP Frank N. Magid Associates

“The single largest differentiator …

is the social network.”

-- Jack Mckenzie, SVP Frank N. Magid Associates

Tools arefinally

starting to changeIn education!

Our students tell us…

“We grow up interacting – through computers and

through our cell phones – and that’s how we learn.

– A graduate student

“Why do we have to adapt to the past? Why shouldn’t we be taught to in different

ways!” – A College student

And beg us…

“Give us 21st century tools!”

“Tools that inspire us”

3D PRINTER

3D PRINTEROUTPUT

HERE TODAY…

• Destination Math & Reading by Houghton Mifflin

• Rosetta Stone• Waterford Early Learning by Pearson

• Gizmos by ExploreLearning

• Raz-Kids by Learning A-Z

• Encyclopedia Britannica• Earobics by Houghton Mifflin

• Dimension M by Tabula Digita

• Atomic Learning• Virtual Science Lab by Pearson

• Orchard & Practice Planet by Siboney

And DIFFERENT (and better) TOMORROW…

Version 1 , 2 , 3 , … , 25 , …X X X

•More customizable•More differentiable

•More networked•More adaptive

NEW TOOLS• Sped-up video• Picture Search• IM/texting• Blogs• Wikis• Wikipedia• Podcasting• Phone polling• My Space• Handhelds

• P2P• Complex Games• Web 2.0 • Web 3.0• Augmented Reality• Phone cameras• Phone videos• GPS• You Tube• Games & Simulations

Within the next few yearswe’ll all be switching to…

• Ubiquitous free broadband

• Small individual devices, always on, always connected

• Software that teaches and adapts

In fact, it’s happening so fast

it’s often

But…

The change that is THREATENING

to educators…

…isEMPOWERINGto their students

Every day they waitto use these tools

Is another day we aredenying our students

their birthright

as citizens of theearly 21st century

We’d betterget started, because…

Today,NEW TOOLS COME FAST…

• Sped-up video• Picture Search• IM/texting• Blogs• Wikis• Wikipedia• Podcasting• Phone polling• My Space• Handhelds

• P2P• Complex Games• Web 2.0 • Web 3.0• Augmented Reality• Phone cameras• Phone videos• GPS• You Tube• MoSoSo

AND GO FAST…

• Sped-up video• Picture Search• IM/texting• Blogs• Wikis• Wikipedia• Podcasting• Phone polling• My Space• Handhelds

• P2P• Complex Games• Web 2.0 • Web 3.0• Augmented Reality• Phone cameras• Phone videos• GPS• You Tube• MoSoSo

OUTDATED

5 10 15 20 25 30

Technology 1 billiontimes more powerful

Machines morepowerful than thehuman brain

Control of machines Directly with our minds

Implanted /WearableReal-time environments

Mobile phonewallets

You Tube: Sumsing

2.How should we

teach today’s students?

HOWshould we teach?

Consensus on Goal!

Still working on:how to get there

and the role of technology

Teachers are a tool.

They need to change too!

lecturer ?guide

“People Tools” in Education

The time of the lecturer / presenter is

If you ask students“What do you want/like?”

they answer:• Group Work• Projects• Case Studies• Activities• Discussing• Interacting• Being asked about what we think• The interactive part• Teachers coming down to our level• Teachers interacting and using our language• The more the teacher gets the class involved in the discussion, the better it is.• To be actually thinking about stuff

“After School,”the kids havealready found

a better way to learn

“The New PedagogicalParadigm”

OldParadigm

Studentsbeingtaught

NewParadigm

Studentsteaching

themselves(with guidance)

BOREDOM ENGAGEMENT

“I never try to teach my students anything. I only try to create an atmosphere in which

they can learn.”– Albert Einstein

I call it

PARTNERING

with your students

Medical Schoolscall it

Case-Based Learning

Call it whatever you prefer,

PartneringCase-Based Learning

Problem-Based LearningInquiry-Based Learning

Student-Centered LearningCo-constructingInquiry Learning

Learning by Doing

it’s basically the same!

Lecturer/Controller

Guide /Partner

21st Century Pedagogy =a move from:

Lecturingto and

controllingyour students

Guiding andPartneringwith yourstudents

Do you know where you and each of your colleagues is

along this continuum?

In additionPEER - TO - PEER

TEACHINGis a big part

3.What is

the role of

technology?

Technology’sONLY role

IS TO SUPPORTTHE NEW PARADIGM

DifferentiatedInstruction

In doing that,technology helps provide

EVERY STUDENTshould be given the

preparationfor reaching his or her

maximum potential…

…but

Potential Varies

…and

Interests Vary

And each studentrequires

A separate curriculum

And each studentrequires

A separate pedagogy

And NOTTo be “herded” into a

classroom whereit’s the same for all

TechnologyDOES NOT and CANNOT

SUPPORTthe old, undifferentiated

“herding and telling” pedagogy

What is the role of the teacher with regard

to technology?

It is key that we

the way we teach …

BEFOREtechnology

can help us

Until we move from the old“lecture” paradigm

to the new “kids teaching themselves

with our guidance” paradigm…

IMPORTANT!!

…new technology will actually HINDER

engagement and learning!

Seeing No Progress, Some Schools Drop Laptops

So the Liverpool Central School District, just outside Syracuse, has decided to phase out laptops starting this fall, joining a handful of other schools around the country that adopted one-to-one computing programs and are now abandoning them as educationally empty — and worse.

LIVERPOOL, N.Y. — The students at Liverpool High have used their school-issued laptops to exchange answers on tests, download pornography and hack into local businesses. When the school tightened its network security, a 10th grader not only found a way around it but also posted step-by-step instructions on the Web for others to follow (which they did). …

May 4, 2008

DIDN’T CHANGE

HOW THEY TAUGHT

OldParadigm

Studentsbeingtaught

NewParadigm

Studentsteaching

themselves(with guidance)

BOREDOM ENGAGEMENT

TECHNOLOGY

DOESN’T

HELPTECHNOLOGY

REQUIRED

In the old “lecture” paradigm,new technology gets in the way

But in the new paradigm

technology sets thestudents (and us) free!

Yes, we need tobe using the latest tools

NEW TOOLS• Sped-up video• Picture Search• IM/texting• Blogs• Wikis• Wikipedia• Podcasting• Phone polling• My Space• Handhelds

• P2P• Complex Games• Web 2.0 • Web 3.0• Augmented Reality• Phone cameras• Phone videos• GPS• You Tube• Games & Simulations

But onlyin the right way, i.e.

in support of the New Paradigm

Step 2:Let kids use the technology

to take off!

Step 1: Change the Paradigm

of how we teach

MemorizedTexts

Textbooks,Blackboards,

paper?Electronictools

Non-People tools

PARTNERING(i.e. Sharing the Work)

Let Studentsdo what they

do well• Use technology

• Find content • Create

To use technology successfully, we must SHARE THE WORK

Let Teachersdo what they

do well• Evaluate quality

• Add rigor• Put into context

PARTNERING(i.e.Sharing the Work)

examples

Teacher:

Doesn’t take notes,FINDS OUT!

Doesn’t tell,ASKS!

Student:

Suggeststopics and tools

Researches, andcreates output

Learns abouttechnology

from students

Learns aboutquality & rigorfrom teachers

Evaluates students’ output for rigor & quality;

supplies context

Refines and improves output, adding rigor,context and quality

Traditional Course

METHOD EVALUATIONOF STUDENT LEARNING

Traditional Course

Problem-based Learning

Problem-Based Learning

Highest

High(er)

What Works Best?

How teachersSHOULD

use technology tools(IMHO)

The“PRENSKY APOSTACY”

It’s important that teachers

DON’T WASTE THEIR TIMELearning to Create With New Tools,

because…

The students can do that! (and they want to)

Teachers shouldn’t use the technology

FOR the students!

“Don’t try to keep up with the technology

-- you can’t”

– A 14 year old girl

“You’ll only look stupid.”

– A 14 year old girl

How our students see us (teachers)When we use technology

Solution

Phone-basedcameras

• Contains some incorrect information• Used as only source

Wikipedia

Problem

How Teachers Do Use New Tools

• Distraction in class• Used to get test answers

• Used inappropriately

“I didn’t discover this through any proprietary medical search

engines. I used Google and Wikipedia,

and it took about two minutes.”

– Dr Jerry Avorn, Harvard Medical School Professor, ,

On finding a cure for his jellyfish stings

Wikipedia and theHarvard Medical School Professor

• Search vs. Research• Fair Use vs. Plagiarism

Evaluate Teach

Designa WikipediaEntry for…

Wikipedia

Assign

• Communication• Journalism• Use of MM• Creativity

How Teachers Should Use New Tools

• Search vs. Research• Fair Use vs. Plagiarism

Evaluate Teach

Phone-basedcameras

• Pictures vs. Words• Appropriate vs. In- appropriate• Truth vs. Manipulation

Designa WikipediaEntry for…

Take and PhotoshopTo bestIllustrate…

Wikipedia

IM • Informal vs. Formal Language

Design aClass usingonly IM

Assign

• Communication• Journalism• Use of MM• Creativity

• Usefulness• Breadth• Depth• Originality

• Communication• Originality• Artistry• Technique

How Teachers Should Use New Tools

Lecturer/Controller

Guide /Partner

The 21st Century Teaching Continuum

0 1 2 3 4 5

Lecturer/Controller

Guide /Partner

Where Are You?

0 1 2 3 4 5

If you are a teacher:

Lecturer/Controller

Guide /Partner

0 1 2 3 4 5

Where Are Your Teachers?

If you are an administrator:

In 30 years…

…if technologycontinues to

double in powerevery year…

Our technology will be1 BILLION TIMES

more powerful than today

…and today we arealready working at the

ATOMIC level

BankingPhoningTravellingReadingBuying/SellingObtaining Info

You have probably changedthe way you do

Are we educating ourStudents for

The Day They Leave Us…

Or for the restof their lives?

The world ourstudents inhabitis already hugely

different from our own

Knowinglong division?

In 30 years, will today’skids be better off

Or knowing how to solve problems?

Knowing how to write?

In 30 years, will today’skids be better off

Or knowing how to write code?

All this change meansthe nature of

education is changing!

Same problems

Pre - 21st Century

New problems

21st Century+

Solving problemswith the tools we have

Pre - 21st Century

Inventing new toolsto solve problems

21st Century+

Future known

Pre - 21st Century

Future uncertain

21st Century+

Font of knowledge isThe teacher / text /library

Pre - 21st Century

Font of knowledgeIs the Internet

21st Century+

All this change means

your role ineducation

is changing!

Helping students solve problems?

How many of yousee your job as

Helping students find future problems?

Helping your students use the toolsIn your field?

Helping your students invent new tools

for your field?

Preparing your students for their exams?

Preparing your studentsfor their unknown future?

Preparing your students for a world where most

Information is written?

Preparing your students for a world where most

Information is in forms OTHER than written?

We also need to startevaluating students

with their tools!

“Open Phone” Tests!!

“Most of our tests ARE open phone tests – you guys just don’t know it!”

– A Student

We Are All LearnersWe Are All Teachers

In the 21st Centurywe must become

PARTNERS

If we are going toget the job done!

21st C

ENTURY

EDUCATOR

Should be the older personoutside, with the kidsInside taking off

If YOU can’t BE aDigital Native,

Can you work together?

Key Question

Absolutely!

But, it requires…

WeHUGELY

UNDER-ESTIMATEwhat our students can

(and should) dowith their tools!

http://mabryonline.org/archives/mtv

We need to set the bar

very high!

WHYdo we

underestimate?

Because we actually

DISRESPECTthe kids!

“Today’s kids can’t

concentrate.”

“My students have the

attention span of a gnat.”

“Your games are a waste of your time money and brain

cells.”

– A parent

These things are just

NOT TRUE!

Thinking and talkingdisrespectfully

really hurts our students…

…who wantand deserveour respect.

As a resultof our disrespect,what happens?

Our studentsDISRESPECT

their educators

Since they know technology

is the new literacy

They see most of their teachers as

ILLITERATE

..and theydon’t bother

listening!

Our goal needs to be

How Do We GetRESPECT

For each other?

We Are All LearnersWe Are All Teachers

1.We must accept that

For 21st century students…

DIGITALTECHNOLOGY

Is their

BIRTHRIGHT!

COMPLEX

The ENGAGING educational system

And even the dreaded…

As an early example ofWORLD COLLABORATION!

“Most of us prefer to walk backward into the

future…

…a posture which may be uncomfortable…

…but which at least allows us to keep on looking at familiar

things as long as we can.”

-- Charles Handy

21st C

ENTURY

EDUCATOR

They’re our kids

We owe them the best!

So What Should I Do?

Give them21st CENTURY

TOOLS!

And what about RIGOR, QUALITY,

REFLECTIONand

“THE CANON”?

Of course!But in new ways,using the tools

The Five Stagesof

Teachersand

Technology

1. Hiding

2. Panic

3. Acceptance

4. Comfort

5. Power

Thank You –

For supportin

g the kids!

Get the slides!email:

marc@games2train.com

web sites:

www.marcprensky.com

www.games2train.com

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