M.B.T. Simple Process Flow Chart

1

M.B.T. Simple Process Flow Chart

2

Mechanical sorting

& pre-treatment

Biological

treatment

M.B.T. + Anaerobic Digestion + B Diagram – HassePlant

Principal Waste Management Options

4

Waste

Landfill Thermal Recycling Biological

Incineration Gasification Pyrolysis AnaerobicDigestion

Composting

With EnergyRecovery

WithoutEnergy Recovery

Waste Technology Reviews & Case Studies carried out by the Enertech Team since 2002

World Wide

� Anaerobic Digestion 98

� Autoclave Processes 10

� Biological Aerobic Processor 17

� Gasification Processes 64

� Pyrolysis Processes 18

� Plasma Gasification 14

5

The Future Energy Centre

MSW LIQUID WASTE

WASTE REDUCTION AND

SEPARATION

FARM WASTES

FOOD PROCESS WASTES

CHP

GAS CLEAN-UP

PLANT

Anaer obic Digest er

(Far m Wast e)

Anaer obic Digest er M.S.W. CO2 FOR

INDUSTRIAL PROCESS

EXISTING LANDFILL

ELECTRICITY TO GRID

CH4 HEAT

BY PRODUCTS DAY COVER

BY PRODUCTS TO FARMS

BIOGAS

HEAT

6

advanced digestion technology

Bioenergy from AD in the UK

Dorian Harrison, Technical Director (Monsal)

Presented by, Gerald Tetchner of Enertech

Introduction

• Why AD gets such good press• Government support for AD• Market segments for AD• Types of AD Plant

Positive PressPublic Perception

• Perceived as natural• Recycling of organic waste• Recycling of Nitrogen and Phosporous• ‘Carbon neutral’• Flexible Technology (gas / elec / heat)• Easy to understand

– ‘it’s a cow!’

Positive PressPublic Perception

• 500 – 600 anaerobic digesters in UK now• Most towns have an AD plant (sewage)• Operational for >100years

SORP

Positive PressEconomic and Political

• Recycles organics away from landfill• Smaller more local plants• Renewable energy targets

– electricity

– gas– heat

• Coalition agreement

Positive Pressdigestate

• PAS110 – product• AD ‘Recycling’• Fertiliser

AD UptakeEconomic and Political

• Feed in Tariff • Renewable Obligation Certificates• Renewable Heat Incentive• Renewable Transport Fuels Obligation

Government SupportROCs

• AD 2X ROC (~ £90/MWh)• Sewage sludge only 0.5 x ROC• Sell Price ~ £30/MWh• 30,000tpa ~ £1.2M (revenue)

Government SupportFeed in Tariff

• Plants <500kW = 11.5p/kWh• Plants >500kW = 9p/kWh• Fast track revenue

– <250kW = 14p/kWh

– >250 – 500kW = 13p/kWh

• 30,000tpa ~ £1.2M

Government SupportRenewable Heat Incentive

• 6.5p/kW for Biomethane• 6.5p/kW (upto 200kW)• Open to all digestion including sewage• 30,000tpa ~ £1.4M

Monsal EEH Avonmouth

Technologywhat is anaerobic digestion

Buffertank

sludge

Waste

and/or

Boiler orgenerator

Water/sludgeheat exchanger

Recirculation

Digested sludge

Anaerobic digester

Technologyhow does it work

• All AD process follow this route• Multi stage process optimise

• Various stages can be optimised or inhibited

Monsal EEH Bromborough

TechnologyTypes of digestion plant

• Agricultural (£1M - £3M / ~6 months)

• 6K – 20K tpa• Simple

• No Permit (Usually)

• No Waste Licence

• Merchant (£6M - £10M, 18 - 24 months)

• 20K – 80K tpa

• Remove Contamination • Compete for Waste (Lowest Gate Fee Wins)

• Requires IPPC Permit, ABPR, Planning

• Municipal (£30M+, PFI ~ 2 – 5 years)• 70K – 300K tpa

• Recycling Facility

• Very Heavy Engineering• MRF + AD Plant

• Permit + Animal Health + Planning + + +

Monsal - Waterbeach

TechnologyAgricultural (crops grown 2009)

• Wheat– 14,379– 108% of UK requirement

• Barley– 6,769– 112% of UK requirement

� Total Cereal– 21,197,000 (dry) tpa– 104% of UK requirement

� Excess of 815,269 (dry) tpa

Monsal Bioenergy – Car Farm

TechnologySewage Sludge

• Sewage– 30,000,000 (wet) tpa

– 1,600,000 (dry) tpa

– 60% already treated by AD

• Challenges– relatively low energy value– low dry solids concentration

– 40% sewage sludge not digested

Monsal - Crewe

TechnologyFood / C&I

• Food and Drink Industry– 1,800,000 (dry) tpa

• Retail Outlets– 400,000 (dry) tpa

• Other (Schools / Hospitals)– 1,000,000 (dry) tpa

• Issues– diverse wastes (solid / liquid)– dispersed production sites– De-packaged is essential

TechnologyFood, C&I – waste streams

• Supermarkets / Retail• Manufacturing• Hospitality• Service Industry

• Council collections

TechnologyFood, C&I – de-packaging

Food Waste Digester FeedWaste pulping/screening

De-packaging is essential to prepare the feedstock for effective digestion

Technologytypes of AD plant

(AN Digestion)

(Biogen Greenfinch) (Kompogas)

(Monsal)

Feed Stock Arisingwhat is the potential

Source Wet tpa Dry tpa Biogas yield

Biogas

Mtpa Mtpa m3/dryT m3/year 106

MSW 30 2.2 700 1,522

C&I 12.8 3.2 700 2,240

Slurries 4.0 1.0 500 500

Crops NA 0.8 600 480

Sewage 30 1.6 350 560

Total 76.8 8.0 5,302

Energy Valuehow much energy is there?

Source Biogas CH4 CH4 Energy

106 m3/year % 106 m3/year TW

MSW 1,522 62 944 9.4

C&I 2,240 62 1,389 13.9

Slurries 500 62 310 3.1

Crops 480 55 264 2.6

Sewage 560 65 364 3.6

Total 4,822 3,006 32.6

Energy Valuehow much energy is there potentially?

Source Biogas CH4 CH4 Energy

106 m3/year % 106 m3/year TWh

MSW 1,522 62 944 9.4

C&I 2,240 62 1,389 13.9

Slurries 500 62 310 3.1

Crops 480 55 264 2.6

Sewage 560 65 364 3.6

Total 4,822 3,006 32.6

Energy Valuehow much energy is there really?

Source CH4 Potential Reality?

106 m3/year TWh TWh

MSW 944 9.4 4.7 (50%)

C&I 1,389 13.9 7.0 (50%)

Slurries 310 3.1 0.3 (10%)

Crops 264 2.6 2.1 (80%)

Sewage 364 3.6 2.9 (80%)

Total 3,006 32.6 17.0 (52%)

Technology types of anaerobic digestion

• ‘Wet’– Digester feed <15%DS– CSTR Reactors– Food Waste– Sewage Sludge– Agricultural Waste

Monsal Biowaste - Deerdykes

Technology types of anaerobic digestion

• ‘Dry’– Digester feed >15%DS– Plug Flow Reactors– Garden Waste– Green / Food (mixed)

Kompogas Dry Digester

Technology types of anaerobic digestion

• Mesophilic– Range 25C to 42C– Normal 35C to 40C– 99% of UK Digesters

• Thermophilic– Range 52C to 65C– Normal 55C to 62C

– More Common for Dry Digesters

Conclusion

• AD has positive public perception• AD is uncontroversial in Government• Strong incentives to drive AD growth• Relatively simple technology• Large infrastructure investment required

advanced digestion technology

Questions?

Dorian Harrison

Technical Director

t: 01623 429500

e: dharrison@monsal.co.uk