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Medieval Europe
500-1500 CE
Important Dates
• 470: The fall of Rome• 500 CE – 1500 CE: Middle Ages, or Medieval Period• 1066: William of Normandy conquers France• 1095: The First Crusade• 1147-1272: More than 9 Crusades• 1215: King John signs the Magna Carta• 1254-1324: Marco Polo lived and traveled• 1348-1349: The first outbreak of Plague in England
What changed in Europe from the Classical Period to the Medieval Period?
Feudalism and Manorialism
Economic and Social Systems of the Middle Ages
Feudalism
• Feudalism was a social and economic system in Europe during the Middle Ages.
• There was a contract between lords and vassals. A lord owned land. A vassal promised military service in exchange for some of the lord’s land. The land given to a vassal was called a fief.
If you ever need an army to protect you, I will be there to fight! ….And I’ll give you some money too.
You may borrow this land from me! Of course I need something in return…
Lord
Vassal
Manorialism
• The relationship between the peasants and their lord was called manorialism.
• Peasants worked the fields
and gave part of their crop to their lord.
• Peasants received
protection from the lord and his vassals in exchange for his labor.
You may farm on my land as long as you give me most of your crops and pay rent.
Sounds like a pretty bad deal. What are my other options?You don’t
have other
options. Oh. Guess I’ll get to
work then…
PeasantLord of the Manor
Play the Quia Game!
• Click HERE icon to play the Manorialism and Feudalism Game.
The Great Schism
The Great Schism
• Christianity developed practices and customs, which became organized under two head Churches: one in the Western half of the Roman Empire, and one in the Byzantine Empire.
• The split of the two churches is called “The Great Schism”.
Roman Catholic Church
• In the Western part of the Roman Empire, the Roman Catholic Church was the authority of the Christian religion.
• A religious leader, known as the Pope, was the head of the Roman Catholic Church.
Pope
Eastern Orthodox Church
• In the Byzantine Empire (the Eastern part), the Eastern Orthodox Church was the authority on Christianity.
Struggle
• The Roman Catholic Church and the Byzantine leadership struggled over control.
The Catholic Church
• Most Europeans during the Middle Ages could not read and write.
• Church clergy, like monks and bishops, continued to learn, read, and write.
• The Catholic Church preserved culture and learning. They kept Roman writings during the Middle Ages and continued to use Latin for Church writings. A monk copying the Bible
The Crusades
What were the Crusades?
• Volunteer armies from Catholic Europe attacked Muslims in order to gain control over Jerusalem.
• These wars between Catholic Europe and the Muslims were called the Crusades.
Lets go capture Jerusalem from the
Muslims!
CrusadersBattle between the Muslims and the Catholic Crusaders
Why all the fighting?
Christians, Muslims, and Jews all believe that the city of Jerusalem is a holy place. From 600 CE – 1095 CE, Muslims ruled Jerusalem. In 1095 CE a new group of Muslims took over Jerusalem and stopped allowing Christians and Jews to enter Jerusalem.
A Call to Arms!
Pope Urban II called upon Catholics of all social classes to fight the Muslims to regain control of Jerusalem. About 30,000 men volunteered and left to fight.
Leave your homes and go to Jerusalem to fight! It is the will of
God!
Pope Urban II
Why did individuals participate in the Crusades?
“For knights, this was a chance to use their fighting skills, something they enjoyed and did well. They were delighted to have such a worthy battle to fight.For peasants, this was a chance to escape from their dreary life in the feudal system. The pope promised that if they died while fighting a holy crusade, they would automatically be welcomed into heaven.For others, it was a chance to have an adventure, and perhaps even to get rich.”(From http://medievaleurope.mrdonn.org/crusades.html)
Finally a chance to use all my
fighting training! Maybe I’ll even
get rich!
My life is horrible. At least if I die, I’ll
go straight to heaven.
What were the effects of the Crusades?
1. As a result of the Crusades, Europeans learned about the advanced technology that Muslims had created.
Islamic civilization was advanced in science and medicine.
What were the effects of the Crusades?
2) Western Europe began to trade more directly with the East.
What were the effects of the Crusades?
3) The system of feudalism was broken down. The Crusades weakened the power of individual lords and nobles. Kings and the Pope gained more power.
Everyone is leaving their manor for me! I seem to be a lot more powerful than any one lord….
Pope
Play the Quia Game!
• Click HERE icon to play the Great Schism and the Roman Catholic Church Game.
Charlemagne
• Charlemagne was a powerful Frankish king who took over the Western half of the Roman Empire in the late 8th century.
• Charlemagne created a large empire with new laws to keep order.
• Charlemagne also strengthened the Roman Catholic Church.
King Charlemagne
I keep order in the Frankish Kingdom!
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