Menurut Sutanto (1986), interpretasi citra pada dasarnya...

Menurut Sutanto (1986), interpretasi citra pada dasarnya terdiridari dua kegiatan utama, yaitu:

(1) penyadapan data dari citra, dan

(2) penggunaan data tersebut untuk tujuan tertentu.

Penginderaan Jauh terdiri atas :

1. Perolehan data (data acquitition) (citra) : sumber energi (matahari),

sensor (kamera,scanner), obyek (muka bumi), atmosfir

2. Analisis data (data analysis) : secara manual (monoscopis,

stereoskopis), secara digital (numerik), secara interaktif (visual pada

produk digital)

Analisis citra meliputi tiga kegiatan, yaitu:

(1) deteksi dan identifikasi,

(2) pengukuran, dan

(3) pemecahan masalah.

Ad 1. Penentuan atas rona atau warna, bentuk, ukuran,

tekstur, bayangan, pola, tinggi, letak, dan asosiasi

Ad 3. proses deduktif : penarikan kesimpulan didasarkan

atas apa yang tidak diketahui atau didasarkan atas

sesuatu yang kebenarannya telah diterima secara

umum.

Ex. : gambaran sungai dengan bentuk meander ->

daerah datar

Stream morphology.

sungai dengan bentuk meander

daerah datar

Landforms evolve through the slow erosional removal of weaker rock,

leaving the more resistant rock standing as ridges or mountains. (Drawn by A.N. Strahler)

PoRS 2006 - Dr. Norman Kerle

• Spontaneous recognition– identification at first glance (pandangan sekilas).

• Logical inference– converging evidences (clues come together)– associative thinking (A therefore B)

• konvergensi bukti : Didalam menyimpulkan jenis obyek ataukondisi suatu daerah yang tergambar pada citra, digunakanlebih dari satu unsur yang masing-masing mengarah kesuatukesimpulan, tidak ada yang bertentangan

• Aluvial -> Toeslope - dataran

• External information– additional data by fieldwork

PoRS 2006 - Dr. Norman Kerle

Spontaneous recognition

Residuum

Colluvium

Co-alluviumAlluvium

http://nwimby.blogspot.com/2012_08_01_archive.html

PoRS 2006 - Dr. Norman Kerle

Spectral

(grey) tone / Hue

Spatial

shape

size

(shadow)

pattern

texture

location/site

Other

association

Interpretation elements

PoRS 2006 - Dr. Norman Kerle

PoRS 2006 - Dr. Norman Kerle

PoRS 2006 - Dr. Norman Kerle

PoRS 2006 - Dr. Norman Kerle

pattern

texture

tone

(Site/association)

A = Lava Field

B = Crater cone

Interpretasi Geomorfologi / Bentuklahan1. Relief2. Struktur atau materialnya3. Proses yang sedang berlangsung atau letaknya

Interpretasi Geologi : 1. Ekspresi Topografi/morfologi 2. Pola Aliran dan Kerapatan aliran3. Vegetasi dan Budaya

Interpretasi Tanah : 1. Topografi2. Bahan Induk3. Iklim4. Vegetasi

Types of Remote Sensing useful in Geomorphologic Interpretation of:

1. Multi-Spectral• Operate in optical spectrum from approximately .3 to 14 µm. • Includes UV, visible, near-IR, mid-IF, and thermal IR regions of the

electromagnetic spectrum. • Typically collect less than ten bands. • Spectral signatures have been developed of earth materials. • Satellite imagery allows for global coverage. • Less expensive imagery available from Landsat or ASTER

ISRO: Geological and Geomorphologic MappingUsing Remote Sensing to Detect Active Dust Storms and Map Areas Vulnerable to Aeolian Erosion (USGS)Forecasting Changes in the Southwest Under Future Climatic Scenarios (USGS)Using Remote Sensing to Detect Active Dust Storms and Map Areas Vulnerable to Eolian Erosion (USGS)

2. Thermal• Detectors sense emitted energy • High atmospheric interactions restrict sensing to 3 to 5 µm, and 8 to 14 µm • Time of day is important when analyzing emitted energy • Spectral signatures have been developed for thermal remote sensing • Water temperatures are more constant than most earth materials

Michigan Technological University -Remote Sensing Perspective, Report for EOS Volcanology TeamForest Fire Imaging Experimental System (FIRES)

3. Hyperspectral• Acquire images in narrow bands • Extract information that is typically 'lost' in wider bands • Spectral signatures have been developed for types of vegetation, minerals,

rock types, and soils • Identification of soil and rock type lead to information regarding their

formation and future uses Environmental Case Study: Coeur D'Alene River Basin Project

4. Radar• Active remote sensing system that sends energy out and senses energy

returned • Spans electromagnetic spectrum from approximately 1 mm to 1m • Depending on the wavelength, microwave energy can be sensed at

night, penetrate the atmosphere, clouds, and smoke • Side-looking radar accentuates topographic features

SIR-C/X-SAR: Space Radar Images of EarthGeomorphic Applications of Digital Elevation Models Derived from ERS-1 and SIR-C SAR InterferometryNASA/JPL Imaging Radar Program

http://www.uwm.edu/Course/416-403/geomorph_rs_apps.htm

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Look Direction Example

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Decorrelation Example