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Behavior Based Safety Where did it come from? Origins in psychology
B.F. Skinner/Watson/Thorndike
Michael O'Toole, PhD
What triggers or causes behaviors?
What it is that theemployee does
What follows thebehavior?Positive+Negative-
ANTECEDENTS BEHAVIORS CONSEQUENCES
MEASUREMENT & FEEDBACK
HOW AM I DOING?
Behavioral Safety Any number of approaches that focus on
the behaviors of employees Identify and correct unsafe/at-risk behaviors
before an incident All attempt to use some form of observation of
employee job performance Supervisors Peers Self
Michael O'Toole, PhD
Keys to a successful BBS process Planning
Like a good story Who, what, where, when, why and how
Who is going to champion the process? Who is going to manage the process? Who is going to conduct observations? Who is going to ensure follow-up?
Michael O'Toole, PhD
Six Critical Elements of a Behavior Based Safety Process Include….Six Critical Elements of a Behavior Based Safety Process Include….
Reduce Incidents
Communications
Training
ReinforcementMeasurement
LeadershipCommitmentLeadership
Commitment
ProcessManagement
Why conduct structured observations? Leverages “behavior sampling” to paint a
clearer picture of risks Provides more objective data on which to
guide continuous improvement of the organization’s safety and health processes
Further clarifies expectations related to safety and health aspects for both supervisor and employee
Michael O'Toole, PhD
What jobs or tasks are we going to observe? Injury or property damage history High risk high hazard jobs High frequency jobs Intermittent jobs
Need to have a standard Standard Operating Procedures Equipment manuals Regulations Consensus standards
ANSI, NFPA, ASTM, etc
Michael O'Toole, PhD
Who and How are observations to be completed? By supervisors
Advantages Part of their job Basic responsibility to ensure safety of workers Additional avenue to demonstrate management’s support Increases employee involvement
Disadvantages Another burden Tool to “get” employees
Deflect blame
Michael O'Toole, PhD
Who and How are observations to be completed? By Peers
Advantages Less of a threat Familiar with how the job “is really done” Opportunity for increased safety engagement
Disadvantages Less objective
Won’t “rat out” peers Pencil whipping paperwork Fail to make connection with improved safety
Michael O'Toole, PhD
Who and How are observations to be completed? Self-observations
Advantages No additional personnel Forces reflection on task procedures Cognitive dissonance
Disadvantages Deception Pencil whipping Fear of reprisal
Michael O'Toole, PhD
When are observations to be completed? Depends on the size of the organization.
Daily – too often? Weekly – balanced? Monthly – not often enough?
Where are observations to be completed? At the site/location where the task is being
performed.
Michael O'Toole, PhD
How are observations to be compiled? Paper and pencil
Manually entered into computer Database or spreadsheet
PDA data logger Data are transferred into computer database
OR…NOT AT ALL!
Michael O'Toole, PhD
Behavior Based Safety…or not? Not a silver bullet Not a program….it is a process
All else must be in good shape Must “fit” the organization’s culture Must be integrated into already successful
safety and health processes
Michael O'Toole, PhD
Disadvantages Becomes a program flavor of the month Perceived by employees as another means
to shift blame to employees Game the system
Achieving the target is the focus rather than true continuous improvement
Becomes a bureaucratic nightmare Doesn’t fit the organization’s culture Seen as a fix to all the unsolved problems
Michael O'Toole, PhD
Advantages Increases Management’s opportunity to
visibly demonstrate support for safety Increases opportunities for all employees to
be more engaged and participative in the safety and health process
Provides employees and the organization valuable feedback for continuous improvement
Provides critical leading indicators of safety performance
Michael O'Toole, PhD
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