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Copyright 2012 Mocomi & Anibrain Digital Technologies Pvt. Ltd. All Rights Reserved.
Micro-organisms
iology for Kids -
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Micro-organisms
MICRO-ORGANISMS
If you are put in an empty room with nobodyaround and are asked to point at a living being
apart from yourself you will probably say Stop
being silly. Well, think again.
There are tiny little organisms all around you,
which are so small that it is impossible to see
them with your naked eye. These are called mi-
croorganisms or microbes.
What???living
being,Nope!
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Micro-organisms
What exactly is a microbe?A microbe is the smallest andsimplest form of living being,
which can be seen only with
the aid of a microscope.
Microbes come is many differ-
ent shapes, sizes and varie-
ties. They can work alone or in
colonies. For example, an
amoeba can live alone in soli-tary bliss while fungi help each
other survive by working in
colonies.
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Micro-organisms
Most importantly, microbes make up the largest number
of living organisms on the planet. There are a million
upon billion upon trillion microbes around the world.
Microbes
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Micro-organisms
Some of these can make their
own food, like plants do and are
called autotrophic.
Some depend on other living or-
ganisms for food like humans and
animals do and are called hetero-
trophic.
Micro-organisms can reproduce
sexually or asexually.
autotrophic
heterotrophic
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Micro-organisms
WHERE DO MICRO-ORGANISMS LIVE?
No climate is too hot or too cold for micro-organisms andno place is too wet or too dry. They can make a home in the
North Pole as well as in a geyser. They can live in a rock or
in the deepest part of an ocean.
Glacier
Cir
que
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Micro-organisms
Microbes called extremo-philes have been isolated
from rocks as much as seven
kilometres below the Earths
surface.
It has been suggested that
the amount of living organ-
isms below the Earths sur-
face may be equivalent withthe amount of life above the
surface.
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Micro-organisms
These extremophiles have been known to survive for a
prolonged time in a vacuum, and can also be resistant to
radiation, which means they also might be able to survivein space.
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Micro-organisms
Many types of micro-organisms
have intimate symbiotic relation-
ships with other larger organisms;
some of which are mutually benefi-
cial, while others can be damaging
to the host organism. Some micro-
organisms can cause disease in ahost and are known as pathogens.
pathogens
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Micro-organisms
MICRO-ORGANISMS OUR FRIENDS
We all love to eat curd, but have you ever thought of how it
is made? The answer is micro-organisms. The bacterium
called lactobacillus reproduces in milk and helps convert
milk into curd. Micro-organisms are also useful in other
food-making processes like brewing, winemaking, bakingand pickling.
bacteriumCopyright 2012 Mocomi & Anibrain Digital Technologies Pvt. Ltd. All Rights Reserved.
.com
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+ =
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Micro-organisms
M i c r o -
organisms are
vital to humansand the environ-
ment, as they par-
ticipate in the
Earths element cycles such as the carbon cycle and nitro-gen cycle, as well as fulfilling other vital roles in virtually all
ecosystems, such as recycling other organisms dead re-
mains and waste products through decomposition.
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Micro-organisms such as bacteria decompose organic
waste into manure and increase the fertility of the soil.
Micro-organisms
manure
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They are also used for making
medicines. When you have flu
or viral fever and you go to
the doctor, you are usually
given medicines called antibi-
otics.
These are made with the help
of micro-organisms. Some
bacteria and fungi are used
to make these medicines
which kill or stop the growth
of disease causing micro-
organisms.
Micro-organisms
antibiotics
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vaccin
es
Vaccines are dead or weakened microbes introduced into
the body to produce antibodies. These antibodies protect
the body from disease causing microbes. Diseases like
polio, cholera, typhoid, small pox, hepatitis etc. can be pre-
vented by taking vaccines.
Microbes are also essential tools in biotechnology, bio-
chemistry, genetics, and molecular biology.
Micro-organisms
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MICRO-ORGANISMS TO BEWARE OF
Just like micro-organisms are helpful to human beings andthe environment they can also be harmful. Some micro-
organisms called pathogens cause diseases in plants and
animals.
There are some micro-organisms which grow in food sub-stances and produce toxic substances making the food
poisonous, causing illness and even death.
Micro-organisms
micro-organisms
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There are many micro-organisms which you would want tokeep out of your house because they spoil materials like
clothing, leather, wood etc.
Micro-organisms can also be the cause of many infectious
diseases.
The organisms involved include pathogenic bacteria that
causes diseases such as plague, tuberculosis and an-
thrax; protozoa, causing diseases such as malaria and
also fungi causing diseases such as ringworm.
Micro-organisms
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Disease causing micro-organisms called pathogens enter
our body through air, water, food, contact or insects.
They spread communicable diseases, which can spread
from an infected person to a healthy person.
Some insects and animals act as carriers of disease caus-
ing microbes.
For example a housefly can carry malaria causing mi-
crobes while a mosquito can carry the microbes thatcause dengue fever.
Micro-organisms
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PROJECT
Anton Van Leeuwenhoekdiscovered the first mi-
crobe in 1675. Can you
find out how he did this?
Micro-organisms
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