Mineralogy and Petrology Study rocks and minerals Do geological field work A Little Bit About Me …...

• Mineralogy and Petrology

• Study rocks and minerals

• Do geological field work

A Little Bit About Me …

Professor Bob Dymek

Central Kansas

SE Missouri Virginia

Adirondacks

Labrador

NW Territories

Québec

West Greenland

Where Have I Done Field Work ???

World’s Oldest Rocks

3.8 billion-year-old Metamorphic Rocks at Isua, West Greenland

The rocks on the left are older thanmost of the dark lavas that fill the

Mare Basins on the moon !

EPSc118 “Geology of National Parks”

EPSc201 “Earth & the Environment”

EPSc437 “Igneous & Metamorphic

Petrology”

EPSc542 “Chemical Petrology”

For 12 years, I was the Senior Editor for this research journal

“Secular Magmagenesis”

4.55-3.8 Ga Hadean ???

3.8-2.5 Ga Archaean• Granite-Greenstone Belts• Komatiites• Tonalite-Trondjhemite-Granodiorite (TTG) Suite

<0.6 Ga Phanerozoic• Magmatic arcs • Calc-alkaline (CA) batholiths

Earth History and Igneous Petrology

Archaean TTG suites:Direct Slab Melting

Phanerozoic CA Suites:Melting of Mantle Wedge

Secular Magmagenesis – Earth History and Igneous Petrology

4.55-3.8 Ga Hadean ???

3.8-2.5 Ga Archaean• Granite-Greenstone Belts• Komatiites• Tonalite-Trondjhemite-Granodiorite (TTG) Suite

2.5-0.6 Ga Proterozoic• Massif Anorthosites (~1.0-2.1)• Jotunite-Mangerite (AJM) Suite

<0.6 Ga Phanerozoic• Magmatic arcs • Calc-alkaline batholiths

• Rocks consisting mostly of intermediate plagioclase feldspar (An40-60)

• Plutons ranging from ~10 to >1,000 km2

• Associated cogenetic/comagmatic plutons Jotunite – mafic to intermediate, green, opx-bearing monzodiorite Mangerite – intermediate to felsic, green, opx-bearing granodiorite

• Elongate “belts” across Laurentia and Gondwana

• Continental rifts, continent-continent collision, continental margin arcs

• Approximaely half of global occurrences are found in Québec

Massif Anorthosites

Distribution of Anorthosite Massifs, NE North America

Forêt Montmorency

Jotunites and Mangerites

J-M

Summary

Compared with Phanerozoic Calc-Alkaline plutonic rocks,

the Proterozoic Jotunite-Mangerite suite – found only in

association with massif anorthosites – is enriched in Fe-Ti-P,

as well as high-field-strength elements (Ga, Ce, Y, Zr, Nb, Zn),

but is depleted in transition-metal trace elements (V, Cr, Ni),

and large-ion-lithophile trace elements (Rb, Th, U).

Should you join our Department, you can learn more about acquiring,

interpreting, and understanding such data in

“Chemical Petrology.”

Prof. Jill Pasteris

Apatite Bone

Raman Spectroscopy

Ocean floor3.6 km

Modernhorsetooth

Applied Mineralogy & Spectroscopy

Geology Biomineralization

Graduate Classes Offered Environmental MineralogyIdeas & Controversies in the Geosciences

500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000

Raman shift ( cm-1)

OH(CO3)2-

synthesizedby ClaudeYoder, F&M

Cross-section of bone

(Sub-)Micrometer Analysis of Bone Mineral

Bone crystallites:few nm X 10s nm

850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200

Whale

Bison

Halibut

Enamel

OH-Ap synth.

40 um

SyntheticCarbonatedApatite

DifferentBiologicalApatites

Microscopy: optical electron AFM

Raman MicroprobeSpectroscopy

Size, shape, distribution, and composition of bone mineral crystallites

Apatite: Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2

Unexpected hydratednature of bone apatite

Mineralogy and propertiesof beaver teeth

Hypermineralized bone – betterinsights into composition and other properties of bone mineral

Mineralization and mechanicsof the rotator cuff

Ferrihydrite: orange coating

Amorphous Ca-phosphate

Rostrum:hypermineralized

Tendon-to-bone insertion:gradational properties inmineral composition andconcentration

Beaked whale

Mouse

OH

PCaOOH

Some Current Apatite Projects

Ca8.3 1.7(PO4)4.3(CO3)1.7(OH)0.3 1.7 nH2OBone apatite: