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Ministry of Civil Defence & Emergency Management Benchmark Survey 2006
Presented by Colmar Brunton
DRAFT
The Ministry of Civil Defence & Emergency Management is embarking on a communications campaign to increase the level of preparedness of New Zealanders’ for a disaster.
To be able to measure the change in New Zealanders’ preparedness, first the base level needs to be measured.
This presentation outlines the results from the benchmark of the MCDEM Disaster Preparedness research.
Background
This is a benchmark to provide comparisons for future measures.
DRAFTThe benchmark survey was used to measure the attitudes and behaviours of New Zealanders around civil emergencies and create a base platform from which to move forward.
Establishing New Zealander’s actual levels of preparedness compared to their perceived levels of preparedness.
Objectives
This survey is to be followed up with an extensive communications campaign, we will then track changes in New Zealander’s attitudes, knowledge and preparedness over time.
DRAFTObjectives of the benchmarking phase were to measure New Zealander’s attitudes and behaviours around civil emergencies. These included:
– Thoughts on what types of events would occur– What they believe the probability of the events happening are– Who would be affected– What would be the consequences– Who would provide assistance– What sort of assistance would be provided– Levels of preparedness– Where to get information on what to do in a disaster.
Objectives, cont’d
DRAFTSurvey conducted by CATI (Computer Assisted Telephone Interviewing), amongst a random nationwide residential sampleRespondents defined as those in the household aged 15+, with next birthdaySample size (n=1,001)Fieldwork dates: 20 April to 14 May 200617 minute questionnaire1,001 completed the surveyRegional quotas, fully nationalResults weighted by respondent age, gender and locationResponse rate = 18%
Methodology
Results
DRAFT
Possible disasters in your lifetime
Q1 First I’d like to ask about the types of major disasters that could happen In New Zealand. What types of disasters can you think of that could happen in New Zealand in your lifetime?
Base: All Respondents (n=1,001)
Respondent recognition of earthquake (92%), tsunami (68%) and flood (58%) were high. However 72% of respondents do
not consider hurricanes, cyclones or storms as threats to New Zealand. This is interesting considering Cyclone Bola’s
devastation to the East Coast of the North Island in 1988.
Overall Auckland has low awareness of disasters compared to other regions. Canterbury/West
Coast has high awareness of disasters.Wellington has very high awareness of
earthquakes (99%).
DRAFT
Possible disasters affecting you personally
Q2 How likely do you think it is that there would be a major <Q1>, affecting you personally in your lifetime, where you are currently living now. Do you think it is…
Very Likely Quite Likely Quite Unlikely Very Unlikely Don’t Know Will never happen
Base: All Respondents (n=1,001)
Information
DRAFT
Where seen/heard disaster messages or information in last year
Q3 Where have you heard or seen any messages or information on what to do in a disaster in the last year?
NOTE: Statements below 2% not shownBase: All Respondents (n=1,001)
TV
Yellow Pages
Internet
Radio
Local or Community newspapers
Newspapers (not community)
Word of mouth
Unaddressed mail
Brochures/flyers
Have not heard or seen any messages
School
Workplace/newsletter at work
Telephone directory/White Pages
Civil Defence Information/Seminar
Billboards/posters on transport/public building
Other
Internet just 6% at this stage
DRAFT
Finding information before a disaster
Q4a Before a disaster, where can you get information about how to prepare for a disaster?
NOTE: Statements below 2% not shownBase: All Respondents (n=1,001)
OtherDon’t know
Yellow PagesMinistry of Civil defence website
Local/Regional CouncilCivil Defence
RadioBrochures/Flyers
PoliceTV
Internet/Web in generalOther website
LibraryFire department/brigade
Google.comNewspaper
Telephone directory/phonebookCitizens Advice Bureau
Schools/UniversitiesInformation Centre
Word of mouthGovernment/Govt CommissionEQC/Earthquake Commission
Health Authorities/Hospital
Only 4 out of 10 people (40%) know to go to the Yellow Pages for information on how to prepare for a disaster before a disaster hit.
And only 3 in 10 people (30%) know to go to the Civil Defence website for information on
how to prepare for the disaster.
DRAFT
Finding information during a disaster
Q4b And during a disaster, where can you get information about what to do in a disaster?
NOTE: Statements below 2% not shownBase: All Respondents (n=1,001)
Radio (during emergency)TV
Local/Regional Council
Word of mouthPolice
NewspaperCivil Defence sector post
Telephone directory/phonebook
111/Emergency service
Phones/Cellphones/Mobile PhonesOther website
LibraryCitizens Advice Bureau
Media/newsOther
Don’t know
Yellow PagesMinistry of Civil defence website
Civil Defence
Fire department/brigade
Schools/Universities
Internet/Web in general
0800 numbers/Hotline/Helpline
During a disaster, almost 7 in 10 people (69%) would listen to the Radio as a source
of information.
Attitudes
DRAFT
Attitudes towards disasters
Q5 On a scale of strongly agree, slightly agree, slightly disagree and strongly disagree, how much do you agree or disagree with the following statements?
Base: All Respondents (n=1,001)
Strongly agree Slightly agree Slightly disagree Strongly disagree Don’t Know
Preparedness
DRAFT
Social change takes time, so this is obviously a continuum, from having no knowledge of anything to do with being prepared for a disaster, to having done everything conceivable. Somewhere along that continuum lies a point where we can classify people as ‘being prepared’, that point being where they have made sufficient preparations to either improve the chances of survival of a major disaster to an acceptable level, or reduce the hardship in surviving a disaster.
What is ‘being prepared’
Being prepared means: you have a plan and an emergency kit - both of which are
repeatedly checked and updated and you are able to look after yourselves for 3 days or
more.
DRAFT
What is ‘being prepared’, cont’d
Have an emergency
survival plan that includes
what to do when not at home.
Have emergency items and water
Regularly update
emergency survival items
PREPARED = 7%
+ +
DRAFT
Importance of being prepared for disaster
Q6 How important is it that you are prepared for a disaster? Is it…
Quite important Very important
Not that importantNot at all important
Don’t know
Base: All Respondents (n=1,001)NOTE: Due to rounding percentages may not add to 100%
DRAFT
Why it is not important to be prepared
Q7 Why do you think it is not important to be prepared for a disaster?
Base: Those respondents who either stated that being prepared for a disaster was ‘not that important’ or ‘not at all important’ (n=44)
High chance it won’t happen/unlikely to happen
If its going to happen there’s nothing we can do about it/Can’t stop it
You don’t know when it will happen
Can already access most things/don’t need to go out and stock up on extras
Don’t want to focus on the negative
You don’t know when a disaster will occur/can’t prepare for anything
DRAFT
How well prepared do you feel you are
Q8 How well prepared for a disaster do you feel you are? Do you feel you are…
Base: All Respondents (n=1,001)NOTE: Due to rounding percentages may not add to 100%
Quite well prepared
Very well prepared
Not that well prepared
Not at all prepared
Don’t know
Although about 9 out of 10 people (94%) consider it very important or quite important
to be prepared for a disaster, only 6% consider themselves to be very well prepared.
Although about 9 out of 10 people (94%) consider it very important or quite important
to be prepared for a disaster, only 6% consider themselves to be very well prepared.
Of those with a household income of $100,000 or more, 22% are not
prepared at all for a disaster.
Under 40 year olds are the least prepared while those 70 years
or older are the most prepared.
DRAFT
Barriers to being prepared
Q9 You said that being prepared for a disaster is important, but you are not well prepared for one. What stops you from being prepared?
Base: Those respondents who stated that being very well prepared or quite well prepared for a disaster was important but said that they were not well prepared for one (n=341)NOTE: Statements below 2% not shown
Haven’t got around to it/no motivation to do it/not time to do it
Don’t expect it to happen/unlikely to happen/ignorance/we’re safe
Not enough information on being prepared e.g. what to do, the importance etc
Haven’t thought about it/don’t think about disasters
The cost/don’t have enough money
Don’t know when a disaster will occur/don’t know what to prepare for
Partly prepared/have some emergency supplies/emergency kit
Complacency
Don’t have any space to store survival items/emergency kit
Want to get on with life/don’t want to spend life worrying about disasters
Too much hassle/have to continually upgrade & replace supplies
Haven’t got supplies/shortage of emergency survival items
Of those who stated that being prepared for a disaster was very or quite important but weren’t well prepared for one, 40% said it was because they have no motivation or no time to do it and 36% said it was because they don’t expect it to
happen.
DRAFT
Help available following a disaster in your area
Q10 Now I’d like you to imagine that there has been a disaster in the town, city or rural area where you live. What groups or individuals do you think would be able to help you following a disaster?
Fire Department
Other
PoliceNeighbours
Civil DefenceAmbulance
FamilyArmy
Local/Regional CouncilHospitalsSt Johns
Red CrossFriends
Salvation ArmyLocal community/community centre
No-oneChurch/Church groups
Search & Rescue/Rescue serviceEmergency services/111
Schools/TeachersGovernment
Health workers/medical peopleAnybody/anyone else around
NOTE: Statements below 2% not shownBase: All Respondents (n=1,001)
DRAFT
Household utilities & infrastructure services
Q11 Still imagining there had been a disaster, some of the normal services may not be available. What household utilities or infrastructure services do you think could be disrupted?
NOTE: Statements below 2% not shownBase: All Respondents (n=1,001)
Other
Don’t know
Electricity
Water
Telephone (land)
Sewage
Gas
Blocked roading
All services available
Mobile phones
Access to medical/health services
Food/food supply
Public transport
TV
Radio
House/Shelter/buildings/Infrastructure
Internet/computers
Although 70% said water could be disrupted in a disaster, only 42% said
they had water stored.
DRAFT
Actions to take during Tsunami warning
Q12aNow imagine that a tsunami warning has been issued, what actions should people take when a tsunami warning has been issued?
NOTE: Statements below 2% not shownBase: All Respondents (n=1,001)
Other
Move to higher ground
Alert/check family/friends/neighbours
Prepare to be evacuated
Secure house/valuable belongings
Stay away from beaches/coastal areas
Check emergency get away kit
Move 1 kilometre inland
Implement survival plan
Listen to radio for further information
Get out/run/get out of area
Don’t panic/stay calm
Check pets
Get in car/ get in car & drive/boat/fly aircraft
DRAFT
Actions to take during Earthquake
Q12bNow imagine that there is a strong earthquake in your area, what actions should people take during and immediately following a strong earthquake?
NOTE: Statements below 2% not shownBase: All Respondents (n=1,001)
Take shelter under a desk
Move to a safe place
Don’t know
Alert or check on family/friends/neighbours
Drop, cover and hold
Listen to the radio for further information
Check emergency survival items
Get out of building/House
Implement survival plan
Prepare to be evacuated
Check damage/Stabilised and safeCheck if everyone is ok/give
assistance/medical help/first aidLook out for live wires/power lines
Stay where you are/stay put
Check pets
Prepare for aftershocks/wait for finish
Other
Contact Civil Defence/Authorities/Emergency services
DRAFT
Level of preparedness
Q13 Which of the following statements apply to you?
You have a good understanding of the types of disasters that could occur in New Zealand, and the
chances of them occurring
Base: All Respondents (n=1,001)
You have the necessary emergency items needed to survive a disaster, such as, tinned food, toilet paper,
torch, spare batteries and so on
You have a good understanding of what the effects would be if a disaster struck in your area
You are familiar with the Civil Defence information in the Yellow Pages
You regularly update your emergency survival items
You have an emergency survival plan for your household
You have stored at least 3 litres of water per person for 3 days for each member in your household
You have not put together an emergency survival plan or emergency survival items but intend to
You attend meetings with community groups about disaster planning
None of these
Almost 7 in 10 respondents state that they are familiar with the Civil
Defence information in the Yellow Pages (67%), yet only 4 in 10 would think to look there for information before a disaster and only 1 in 10
during a disaster.
DRAFT
Survival Plan
Q14 Does your survival plan include what to do when you are not at home?
Base: Those respondents who stated that they have an emergency survival plan for their household (n=525)
Yes
No
Don’t know
DRAFTOn average, those who are very well prepared said they had done 6.4 of those 8 things to prepare for a disaster whereas those who are quite well prepared have only done about 5.5. Incidentally, even those who said they were not prepared at all had on average done 2.7 out of the 8 measures of preparedness.
Thus while it may appear that there are high levels of preparedness, the actual steps undertaken by the quite well prepared are less comprehensive than the very well prepared.
How prepared are they???
Parting thoughts
DRAFT
Parting thoughts
New Zealanders have incomplete knowledge of disasters and their effects.New Zealanders have incomplete levels of preparedness for disasters.While New Zealanders’ may have some knowledge of what to do, they have not fully thought through the impact.Quite well prepared probably isn’t prepared enough to really be described as ‘being prepared’.It is important to remember that ‘preparedness’ is not about looking at individual attitudes and behaviours in isolation, but taking a more holistic approach and looking at the totality of attitudes and behaviours.The really interesting results are still to come when the first tracking research results come in.
Demographics
DRAFT
Gender
Gender
Base: All Respondents (n=1,001)
FemaleMale
DRAFT
Involvement in community
Q16 Are you involved in any volunteer work in your community?
Base: All Respondents (n=1,001)
Yes
No
DRAFT
Age Group
Q17 In which of the following age groups do you belong?
Base: All Respondents (n=1,001)
Q1. Disasters that could happen in New Zealand in your lifetime.Earthquakes rated highest amongst the 30-39 age group (97%). Closely followed by the 40-49 age group (96%).Those in the 50-59 age group rate floods higher than any other age group (66%).15-19 year olds tend to have a low awareness of disasters (except for hurricanes/cyclones and storms).
DRAFT
Number of people in household
Q18 How many people are there living in your household?
Base: All Respondents (n=1,001)
DRAFT
Ethnic groups
Q19 Which ethnic group/groups do you belong to?
Base: All Respondents (n=1,001)
Q1. Disasters that could happen in New Zealand in your lifetime.
Earthquakes rated highest amongst Europeans (96%).
Tsunami rated highest amongst Maori’s (75%).
Floods were rated highest amongst New Zealand European/Pakeha group, and was particularly low amongst Maori and Asian groups.
DRAFT
Occupation
Q20 What is your occupation?
Base: All Respondents (n=1,001)
DRAFT
Personal/household income
Q21 Which of the following best describes your total personal income before tax?Q22 And which of the following best describes your household’s total annual income before tax?
Base: All Respondents (n=1,001)
Total Personal Income Total Household Income
DRAFT
Meeting groups
Q15 Have you attended a meeting to talk about what to do in a disaster with:
NOTE: Statements below 2% not shownBase: All Respondents (n=1,001)
DRAFTLooking across all regions, Canterbury/West Coast are the most aware of potential disasters as well as being the most prepared overall.
65% of Canterbury/West Coast region and 60% of Wellington region believe that Civil Defence will be there to help in a disaster compared to the total (44%).
95% of Wellingtonians rate ‘earthquake’ as Very Likely/Quite Likely to affect them personally in their lifetime compared to the total (58%).
27% of Aucklanders consider a volcanic eruption Very Likely/Quite Likely to happen to them personally in their lifetime compared to the total (19%). However, Taranaki (59%) and Bay of Plenty (48%) both considered volcanic eruption more likely than Auckland.
Disaster Analysis by Region
DRAFTThe implications of this research are that:– New Zealanders have incomplete knowledge of disasters
and their effects.– New Zealanders have incomplete levels of preparedness for
disasters.– Quite well prepared probably isn’t prepared enough to really
be described as ‘being prepared’.– It is important to remember that ‘preparedness’ is not about
looking at individual attitudes and behaviours in isolation, but taking a more holistic approach and looking at the totality of attitudes and behaviours.
Conclusions
What’s the next step:We are planning a programme of tracking research that will monitor New Zealanders changing attitudes and behaviours towards disasters. As the campaign unfolds, each stage of the tracking will be tailored to meet the information needs at the time. We can also investigate any issues in greater detail through qualitative research.
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