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MNA Tools in Brown vs. GreenPier Francesco Mantovani, MNSSD
Water Week 2007
A diverse region, defined by aridity
Worst per capita water scarcity
Inadequate wastewater management further deprives countries of valuable resources
AlgeriaEgyptLebanon
GazaJordanYemen
BahrainIsraelKuwaitSaudi Arabia
Wat
erQ
ualit
ySe
veri
ty
Low High
Water QuantitySeverity
Morocco Syria Tunisia
QatarUAE Oman
High
Low
Algeria
Egypt
Lebanon
Gaza & West BankJordanYemen
BahrainIsraelKuwaitSaudi ArabiaR
ESO
UR
CE
DE
GR
AD
AT
ION
Low High
RESOURCE SCARCITY
Morocco
Syria
QatarUAE Oman
High
Low
Iraq
Tunisia
Resource crisis is worsening
• Climate change predicted to reduce rainfall and increase extreme weather events
• Population growth will cut per capita water availability in half by 2020
Manage wastewater to make the most out of scarcity
Pollution Control
ReuseSanitation
Sewerage Agenda• Generally good urban coverage. Challenge of
extending centralized networks to (poor) peri-urban areas.
• Users fail to connect to supply-driven sewers.
• Variable operational performance and cost recovery, inadequate investment capacity.
• Rural sanitation lagging.
Utility cost coverage by tariffs
Pollution control agenda
• Very partial treatment capacity installed, often not performing (with exceptions).
• Development impaired by high-cost of treatment goals and designs, low cost recovery expectations, and dependency on subsidies.
• Regulatory framework generally weak, lacking monitoring/enforcement and incentives.
Water reuse agenda• Planned water reuse is a complex “no-brainer”.
• Regulatory, planning, management constraints outweigh technical ones.
• Prerequisites: Good wastewater mgt. capacity, and economic applications of reclaimed water
• A leading national strategy: Tunisia recycles 30% of wastewater flow.
Influencing policy by assessing cost of water degradation
Cost of Environmental Degradation of Water
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
Algeria
Egypt Iran
Jorda
nLe
bano
nMoro
cco
Syria
Tunisia
Shar
e of
GD
P
Better investment & financing strategies
• Ad-hoc sector reviews, including water sector public expenditure reviews.
• Program cost reductions• PPPs• OBA approaches
Morocco Water Sector DPL• DPL supports a reform agenda, spanning
governance, IWRM, irrigation and WS&S, including a 15-yr National Sanitation Plan (NSP).
• Prior analyses: Cost of water degradation + Water Public Expenditure Review (PER).
• Expected actions:– Optimization review of NSP, planning of a reuse strategy– Increased NSP budget support within a Medium Term
Expenditure Framework (MTEF).– Strengthened regulatory framework for discharge
enforcement and water quality monitoring.
Thank you
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