Module 06 for nebosh course

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Ref: SC/086/V1

Module 06

Human Factors

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Human Factors? “Human factors refer to environmental,

organisational and job factors, and

human and individual characteristics

which influence behaviour at work in a

way that can affect health and safety” 

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  1970’s 1980’s 1990’s 2000’s 

Technical improvements

(Hardware)

Process and procedural safety

(Software)

Human factors

Why Tackle Human Factors? 

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JOB 

Task, WorkloadEnvironment

Display and ControlsProcedures….. 

INDIVIDUAL 

Competence, SkillsPersonality, Attitudes

Risk Perception….. 

ORGANISATION

Culture,leadership,

Resources, Work patterns,Communications….. 

Three Spheres of Influence 

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The Individual

 Attitudes and Behaviours

Motivation

Perception

 Also issues re :-

Mental or physical capabilities

Training etc

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Maslow’s hierarchy of needs 

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Perception

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Perception

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The Organisation

The culture is defined as:

“the product of individual or 

group values, attitudes and

competencies and patterns of behaviour, that determine the

commitment to and style and

proficiency of an

organisation’s health andsafety programmes.” 

Competence

Control

Co-operation

Communication

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The Job

Safe systems of workErgonomics

The extent of decision making

a balance between stimulation and stress

Procedures and instructions

The working environmentmaintained to a standard and monitored

Work patterns

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6 Steps to Commitment

Committed

Involved

Compliant

Reluctant

Non-compliant

Apathetic

Creates and modifies the rules or 

systems to achieve the goal.

Does what can be done within the

existing system.

Sees the benefits. Does what is expected,

but no more.

Does not see benefits. Does what is expected

to keep job. Probably makes reluctance known

Fails to see the benefits.

Will not do what is expected.

No opinion or interest

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Human Failure

 Active failures  Immediate

consequences eg

drivers, control roomstaff 

Latent failures Poor design

Lack of training

Lack of supervision

Uncertainty on roles

and responsibility

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Major Incidents

Three Mile Island

Clapham Junction

Challenger Space Shuttle

Piper Alpha

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Human Failures

Human

Failures

Violations

Errors

Exceptional

Routine

Situational

Mistakes

Skill based

Lapses

Slips

Rules

Knowledge

H t t f

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How to promote safe

behaviour 

Disciplineresponsibilities and accountability

Reward

Inform

reasoning and understanding

changing perceptions

Facilitate

make safe behaviour easy