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More than 1 billion people lack access to safe drinking water. WHY?. Minimata, Japan. Minamata. Chisso Corporation, in Minamata, Japan Plastics, drugs, perfumes 1920s, dumped waste in Minamata Bay Cheaper to pay fishermen than properly dispose of waste - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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More than 1 billion peoplelack access to
safe drinking water
WHY?
Minimata, Japan
Minamata
• Chisso Corporation, in Minamata, Japan– Plastics, drugs, perfumes
• 1920s, dumped waste in Minamata Bay– Cheaper to pay fishermen than properly
dispose of waste
• 1950s: people had numbness, slurred speech, deformed limbs– Animals (cats, birds) died
• 1960s: linked to mercury in fish
Fecal contamination
• Well over 2 million people—mostly children in poor countries—die of diarrhea every year– Almost always a waterborne illness
• Fecal contamination usually detected by testing for E. coli or fecal coliforms
• Usually: NOT pathogenic
Pathogens in water
• Harder to test for than E. coli
• Include organisms that cause:– Cholera– Typhoid fever– Gastroenteritis– Meningitis– hepatitis
Dhaka, Bangladesh
Agriculture
• Pesticides being applied to lettuce in California
• Danger to applicators and many other environmental issues
• Runoff
Groundwater contamination
• About 50% of US population gets drinking water from groundwater– in agricultural areas, that percentage is
HIGHER
• However: more pesticides detected in surface water than in groundwater. WHY?
Pesticides, Denver metro area
cide
Percent detection Maximum concentration (µg/L)
Surface water
Ground water
Surface water
Ground water
Carbaryl 97 0 5.2 < 0.003
Atrazine 86 43 0.2 0.2
Prometon 86 63 0.16 1.4
Diazinon 69 0 0.24 < 0.002
Simazine 64 30 0.048 0.068
DCPA 61 0 0.029 < 0.002
Tebuthiuron 53 17 0.17 0.79
Chlorpyrifos 31 0 0.11 < 0.004
Malathion 25 0 0.089 < 0.005
Color indicates type of pesticide: Herbicide and Insecticide.
VOCs
Atrazine
• Common herbicide
• Evidence as recently as 2010 that it affects development of ``amphibian gonads’’ frog gender becomes confused
• In agricultural communities, evidence of lowered sperm count among men
Point vs. non-point source
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