Muscular Unit Muscular Unit Muscle: Definition: –Type of tissue able to shorten or contract and...

Muscular UnitMuscular Unit

Muscle:Muscle:Definition:Definition:

– Type of Type of tissue able to tissue able to shorten or shorten or contract and contract and move a body move a body part.part.

Functions:Functions:

– MovementMovement– PosturePosture– HeatHeat

Muscle facts:Muscle facts: Over Over muscles muscles

Sheath – Sheath –

Tendons – Tendons –

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outer coveringouter covering

muscle to bonemuscle to bone

Muscle facts:Muscle facts: Muscles are named by:Muscles are named by:

LocationLocationShapeShapeFunction (movement)Function (movement)Point of attachmentPoint of attachment

Sterno-cleido-mastoid

Pectoralis Major

Obliques

Rectus Abdominis

Masseter

Trapezius

Deltoids

Biceps

Flexors

Quadriceps

Tibialis Anterior

Sartorius

TricepsLatissimus Dorsi

Gluteus Maximus

Extensors

Hamstrings

Gastrocnemius

Soleus

Muscle typesMuscle typesSkeletalSkeletal

CardiacCardiac

SmoothSmooth

Skeletal (striated) muscle:Skeletal (striated) muscle:

Voluntary ControlVoluntary Control You controlYou control

Used in movement and exerciseUsed in movement and exercise

Examples:Examples:Biceps, Abdominals

Quadriceps,

Smooth (Visceral) muscle:Smooth (Visceral) muscle:

Involuntary muscleInvoluntary muscle you can you can notnot move move

Internal organs and blood Internal organs and blood vesselsvessels

Examples:Examples:Digestive tract, Urinary tract,

Stomach, Esophagus

Cardiac muscle:Cardiac muscle:

Involuntary muscleInvoluntary muscle You can not control.You can not control.

Found in the heart. Found in the heart.

Example:Example: heartheart

(Myocardium)

How muscles work:How muscles work:

Stimulation/use =Stimulation/use =

Muscle fiber development is when Muscle fiber development is when muscles become bigger and better muscles become bigger and better reacting.reacting.

Carbohydrates are changed into an Carbohydrates are changed into an energy rich compound calledenergy rich compound called

fiber developmentfiber development

ATP.ATP.

How muscles work (cont’d):How muscles work (cont’d):

ATP (energy) + Oxygen =ATP (energy) + Oxygen =

ATP (energy) + no Oxygen =ATP (energy) + no Oxygen =

A build up of Lactic Acid will A build up of Lactic Acid will causecause

Water and Carbon Dioxide

Lactic Acid

Muscle Cramps

Muscle MovementsMuscle Movements FlexionFlexion

– decrease decrease angleangle

ExtensionExtension– Increase angleIncrease angle

Muscle MovementsMuscle Movements AbductionAbduction

Movement away Movement away from the centerfrom the center

AdductionAdductionMovement Movement towards the towards the centercenter

Muscle MovementsMuscle Movements PronationPronation

Palms downwardPalms downward

SupinationSupinationPalms Palms upward/forwardupward/forward

RotationRotationTurningTurning

Origins – InsertionsOrigins – Insertionsand Functionsand Functions

Origins-Insertions-FunctionOrigins-Insertions-Function

Sterno-Sterno-Cleido-Cleido-mastoidmastoid

ClavicleClavicle

SternumSternum

CraniumCranium RotatesRotatesheadhead

NAME ORIGIN INSERTION MOVEMENT

Sternocleidomastoid

ORIGIN

INSERTION

Origins-Insertions-FunctionOrigins-Insertions-Function

Sterno-Sterno-Cleido-Cleido-mastoidmastoid

ClavicleClavicle

SternumSternum

CraniumCranium RotatesRotatesheadhead

TrapeziusTrapezius VertebraVertebra ColumnColumn ScapulaScapula Lifts the Lifts the

scapulascapula

NAME ORIGIN INSERTION MOVEMENT

ORIGIN

INSERTION

TRAPEZIUS

Origins-Insertions-FunctionOrigins-Insertions-FunctionNAME ORIGIN INSERTION MOVEMENT

DeltoidClavicle

ScapulaHumerus

Extends

Humerus

ORIGIN

INSERTION

DELTOID

Origins-Insertions-FunctionOrigins-Insertions-Function

DeltoidDeltoid ClavicleClavicleScapulaScapula

HumeruHumeruss

Extends Extends

HumerusHumerus

NAME ORIGIN INSERTION MOVEMENT

PectoralisPectoralis

MajorMajorSternumSternum HumerusHumerus

MovementMovement

of Humerusof Humerus

INSERTION

ORIGIN

PECTORALISMAJOR

Origins-Insertions-FunctionOrigins-Insertions-Function

DeltoidDeltoid ClavicleClavicleScapulaScapula

HumerusHumerus ExtendinExtendingghumerushumerus

PectoraliPectoralissMajorMajor

SternumSternum HumerusHumerus MovemeMovement ofnt ofhumerushumerus

NAME ORIGIN INSERTION MOVEMENT

BicepBicep ScapulaScapula RadiusRadius

UlnaUlna

FlexionFlexionof of ForearmForearm

BICEPS

INSERTION

ORIGIN

View: From the Front

Origins-Insertions-FunctionOrigins-Insertions-FunctionNAME ORIGIN INSERTION MOVEMENT

TricepsTricepsScapulaScapula

HumerusHumerusUlnaUlna

ExtensionExtensionofofForearmForearm

View: From the Back

ORIGIN

TRICEPS

INSERTION

Origins-Insertions-FunctionOrigins-Insertions-FunctionNAME ORIGIN INSERTION MOVEMENT

TricepsTricepsScapulaScapula

HumerusHumerusUlnaUlna

Extension Extension ofofForearmForearm

LatissimusLatissimus

DorsiDorsi VertebraeVertebrae HumerusHumerusMovementMovementofofHumerusHumerus

ORIGIN

INSERTION

LATISSIMUS

DORSI

Origins-Insertions-FunctionOrigins-Insertions-FunctionNAME ORIGIN INSERTION MOVEMENT

TricepsTricepsScapulaScapula

HumerusHumerusUlnaUlna

Extension Extension ofofForearmForearm

LatissimusLatissimus

DorsiDorsi VertebraeVertebrae HumerusHumerusMovementMovementofofHumerusHumerus

RectusRectus

AbdominisAbdominis

Ribs/Ribs/

SternumSternumPubisPubis

Flexion ofFlexion of

TrunkTrunk

INSERTION

RECTUS

ABDOMINIS

ORIGIN

Origins-Insertions-FunctionOrigins-Insertions-FunctionNAME ORIGIN INSERTION MOVEMENT

Internal/Internal/

ExternalExternalObliquesObliques

Trunk Trunk

RotationRotation

INTERNAL

OBLIQUES

EXTERNAL

OBLIQUES

Origins-Insertions-FunctionOrigins-Insertions-FunctionNAME ORIGIN INSERTION MOVEMENT

Internal/Internal/

ExternalExternalObliquesObliques

Trunk Trunk

RotationRotation

GluteusGluteus

MaximusMaximusPelvisPelvis FemurFemur

HipHip

ExtensionExtension

ORIGIN

INSERTION

GLUTEUS

MAXIMUS

Origins-Insertions-FunctionOrigins-Insertions-FunctionNAME ORIGIN INSERTION MOVEMENT

Internal/Internal/

ExternalExternalObliquesObliques

Trunk Trunk

RotationRotation

GluteusGluteus

MaximusMaximusPelvisPelvis FemurFemur

HipHip

ExtensionExtension

HamstringsHamstrings

(Biceps Femoris)(Biceps Femoris)PelvisPelvis

TibiaTibia

FibulaFibula

Leg Leg

FlexionFlexion

ORIGINORIGIN

INSERTIONINSERTION

HAMSTRINGSHAMSTRINGS

Origins-Insertions-FunctionOrigins-Insertions-FunctionNAME

QuadricepsQuadriceps IliumIlium

FemurFemur

TibiaTibia ExtendsExtends

Lower LegLower Leg

QUADRICEPSINSERTION

ORIGIN

Origins-Insertions-FunctionOrigins-Insertions-Function

QuadricepsQuadriceps IliumIlium

FemurFemurTibiaTibia Lower leg Lower leg

extensionextension

NAME

Gastroc-Gastroc-

nemiusnemiusFemurFemur TarsalsTarsals FootFoot

ExtensionExtension

GASTROCNEMIUS

ORIGIN

INSERTIONtoes

Origins-Insertions-FunctionOrigins-Insertions-Function

QuadricepsQuadriceps IliumIlium

FemurFemurTibiaTibia Lower leg Lower leg

extensionextension

Gastroc-Gastroc-

NemiusNemiusFemurFemur TarsalsTarsals Foot Foot

extensionextension

NAME

TibialisTibialis

AnteriorAnteriorTibiaTibia

TarsalsTarsals

MetatarsalsMetatarsals

FootFoot

FlexionFlexion

ORIGIN

INSERTION

TIBIALIS

ANTERIOR

toes

Muscular Muscular System System

DisordersDisorders

Muscle CrampsMuscle Cramps

A. Muscle contracts, but will not relax.A. Muscle contracts, but will not relax.

B. Lactic Acid build-up occurs during B. Lactic Acid build-up occurs during strenuous exercise.strenuous exercise.

C. These methods will help prevent C. These methods will help prevent muscle cramps: warm-up, watermuscle cramps: warm-up, water

D. Relax, rub, and massage the D. Relax, rub, and massage the muscle to relieve the pain.muscle to relieve the pain.

Muscle StrainMuscle Strain

A. Overstretching of a muscle.A. Overstretching of a muscle.

B. Improperly warming-up.B. Improperly warming-up.

C. Proper warm-up and regular C. Proper warm-up and regular exercise can help prevent strains.exercise can help prevent strains.

D. Ice and rest.D. Ice and rest.

Muscle TearMuscle Tear

A. The tendon is torn from the bone.A. The tendon is torn from the bone.

B. Sudden pull on a muscle. B. Sudden pull on a muscle.

D. Ice, rest and sometimes surgery. D. Ice, rest and sometimes surgery.

C. Proper warm-up and regular C. Proper warm-up and regular exercise will help prevent muscle exercise will help prevent muscle pulls.pulls.

TendinitisTendinitis

A. Inflamed tendon A. Inflamed tendon

B. Repeated stress or irritation to the B. Repeated stress or irritation to the tendon. tendon.

C. Proper warm-up and regular exercise.C. Proper warm-up and regular exercise.

D. Ice and rest.D. Ice and rest.

HerniaHernia

A. Tear in the muscle layer of the abdomen. A. Tear in the muscle layer of the abdomen. The intestines press through causing a The intestines press through causing a

bulge.bulge.

B. Caused by sudden pressure at a weak B. Caused by sudden pressure at a weak spot in the abdominal cavity.spot in the abdominal cavity.

C. Proper toning and proper lifting.C. Proper toning and proper lifting.

D. Wearing a support, surgery.D. Wearing a support, surgery.

Muscular DystrophyMuscular Dystrophy

A. Gradual destruction of muscle fiber, A. Gradual destruction of muscle fiber, which causes the muscles to become which causes the muscles to become useless.useless.

B. Cause is unknown, but it is hereditary.B. Cause is unknown, but it is hereditary.

C. Regular exercise. No preventions. C. Regular exercise. No preventions.

D. Medicines, physical therapy.D. Medicines, physical therapy.

Get UP and Get UP and

MOVE!!MOVE!!

Use it or Use it or lose it!!lose it!!

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