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Mutual concerns of oil transporters and a coastal state
- a Danish perspective
Andreas Nordseth, Director, Danish Maritime Authority
39.000 km coastline
The Coastal State Denmark
The SoundDistance (Skaw – Bornholm): approx. 255 nautical miles
Maximum draft: 7.7 meters
The Great Belt – Route T:Distance (Skaw – Bornholm): approx. 390 nautical miles
Maximum draft: 15.0 meters
Denmark – gateway to the Baltic Sea
Characteristics
Shallow depth, sharp turns and
strong sea current
The Sound2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Passages 40,046 37,806 37,648 38,902 39,466 35,745Dwt (mio) 268 216 234 237 256 268Average Dwt
6,702 5,718 6,223 6,095 6,474 7,511
The Sound - all passages – all ship types
• Fewer passages but larger ships
• Increase in the size of tankers
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Passages 5,205 5,191 5,423 5,713 5,577 5,421Dwt. (mio) 51 46 59 61 71 79Average Dwt
9,824 8,9 10,848 10,615 12,693 14,541
The Sound – passages – tankers only
The Great Belt
Dead weight tonnage
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Tanker passages
5,166 5,166 5,17 5,509 5,876 6,076
Dwt.* (mio) 149 165 187 210 263 296Average dwt.* a passage
28,904 31,983 36,155 38,147 44,682 48,742
Table 2 – passages of tankers at VTS Great Belt
• Increase in the size of ships
• Increase in size and number of tanker passages
Characteristics
Strong sea current, shallow depth, sharp turns
Increased traffic density, coming traffic and head-on-situations
Effect: Increased risk of groundings and collisions
Groundings in the Great Belt
Period from1 January 1997 to 1 July 2005(8 years and 6 months)
(From ”Groundings and collisions in the Great Belt 1997-2005”)
Facts
Groundings: 46
0123
456
789
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Hatter
Hatter
Resolution MSC.138(76) on recommendation through the entrances to the Baltic Sea
entered into force 1 December 2003
recommends use of pilot:
On ships with draught of 11 m or more
On ships carrying shipment of irradiated nuclear fuel, plutonium and high-level radioactive wastes
- when following the established routing system through the entrances to the Baltic Sea (Route T)
None of the ships involved in the 46 groundings had a pilot on board
Off-hire loss USD 1,450,000
Repair expenses USD 1,000,000
Salvage expenses USD 350,000
Environmental protection USD 30,000
Total USD 2,830,000
Estimated costs of a grounding
that took place in 2004
Cost of pilot
appr.: USD 7,500
Not taking a pilot in accordance with Resolution MSC.138(76) on recommendation on navigation through the entrances to the Baltic Sea is:
• a repellent exploitation of a legal regime established long before any one could imagine the type and size of cargo ships we see today
• detrimental to our common goals on safety and protection of the environment
• and very bad business
To put it in short…
Initiatives
DMA produced an information paper showing that the grounded ship could have taken pilot more than 375 times for the amount spent on the grounding
The information paper was sent to relevant partners of the shipping industry strongly advising large ships
always to take pilot on their way in and out of the Baltic Sea
The paper was submitted to the 24th session of the IMO Assembly (NOV 2005)
Initiatives
DEC 2005INTERTANKO, INTERCARGO and the Danish authorities decided to establish the Joint Pilotage User Group (JPUG)
MAY 2006The JPUG established with participation of DMA, RDANH, INTERTANKO, INTERCARGO, BIMCO, ICS and OCIMF
The objective of the JPUG is, through open transparent dialogue between pilotage service providers and users, to find ways to enhance the safety of navigation by:
• ensuring optimal pilotage service in general,• encouraging the use of pilots for ships in transit through the entrances to the Baltic Sea.
Statistics [January – July 2006]
• Ships passages increase 3 %• Ships without pilot decrease with 53 %• Tanker passages without pilot decrease by 29 %• Tankers (draught of 11 metres or more) taking pilot 97,9%
0,979 ≈ 1 ?
• High political and public attention on the risk of groundings in the Danish waters
– ”Acts of god” no longer exists – nothing happens “by accident”– There are only incidents/casualties that should have been foreseen and
avoided• There are no – acceptable – excuses• Any grounding will fuel the negative image that the public has of
the shipping industry
– ”It only takes one bad apple to spoil the whole bunch”
Thank you for your attention
www.dma.dk
Safety Study:Groundings and Collisions in the Great Belt 1997 – 2005can be downloaded from www.dma.dk
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