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“… harmonizing things seen and not seen.” – S.A.G.
Copyright © 2004 by Anthony F. Laviano
®
Dr. Anthony F. Lavianoa.f.laviano@wescon.com
310. 524-4145October 2004
Nanotechnology:The Engineer’s Frontier
“… harmonizing things seen and not seen.” – S.A.G.
Copyright © 2004 by Anthony F. Laviano
®
Crossing the Delaware on 22 December 2002
The VisionIEEE Los Angeles Council 14 December 2002 Meeting
NANOWorld
21-23 September 2004
2
“… harmonizing things seen and not seen.” – S.A.G.
Copyright © 2004 by Anthony F. Laviano
®
Acceptance of Ideas for ApplicationInnovators First 2.5%
Early Adapters Next 13.5%
Early Majority Next 34%
Late Majority Next 34%
Laggards Remaining 16%
“… harmonizing things seen and not seen.” – S.A.G.
Copyright © 2004 by Anthony F. Laviano
®
You may ask me, “What is Nanotechnology?”
My answer is this.
“Nanotechnology is the collaboration of chemistry, biology,
physics, computer, and material sciences integrated with
Engineering, Application and Education entering the
Universe of Nanoscale. This means science and engineering
focused on creating materials, devices, and systems at the
atomic and molecular level.”
Dialogues for The Cookie Jar by Dr. Anthony F. Laviano
3
“… harmonizing things seen and not seen.” – S.A.G.
Copyright © 2004 by Anthony F. Laviano
®
“… harmonizing things seen and not seen.” – S.A.G.
Copyright © 2004 by Anthony F. Laviano
®
Electronics, January 22,1960 Button like Amplifier
Now and BeyondPalm Airplane
Then
Now
4
“… harmonizing things seen and not seen.” – S.A.G.
Copyright © 2004 by Anthony F. Laviano
®
U.S. Funding Trends
“… harmonizing things seen and not seen.” – S.A.G.
Copyright © 2004 by Anthony F. Laviano
®
BAE
5
“… harmonizing things seen and not seen.” – S.A.G.
Copyright © 2004 by Anthony F. Laviano
®
Also….Universities and IEEE
“… harmonizing things seen and not seen.” – S.A.G.
Copyright © 2004 by Anthony F. Laviano
®
Nanotechnology
Senate Bill 2515 dated 27 June 2002Established Nanotechnology
in DOD Organization
House Bill 766 dated 7 May 2003Nanotechnology Research and Development Act
Approved by CongressSigned by President
NSF2004
Funded
Education
WorkforceFor
21st Century
S. 189 Dec 2003$3.7B
6
“… harmonizing things seen and not seen.” – S.A.G.
Copyright © 2004 by Anthony F. Laviano
®
1996 – 2002 Nano-Patents“Nano” in the patent: 2812
“Quantum” in a claim: 1469
“Nano” in a claim: 195
“Nanotechnology” in the patent: 148
“Nanoparticle” in the claim: 90
“Nanotube” in a claim: 60
‘Nanowire” in a claim: 7…and growing!
“… harmonizing things seen and not seen.” – S.A.G.
Copyright © 2004 by Anthony F. Laviano
®
Generic Technology Readiness Levels
TR1
TR2
TR4
TR9
TR6
TR5
TR3
TR7
TR8
Basic Principles Observed & Reported
Technology Concept and/or Application Formulated
Component and/or Bread Validation in Laboratory Environment
Analytical & Experimental Critical Function (Proof of Design)
Component and/or Breadboard Validation in Relevant Environment
Systems/Subsystem Model or Prototype Demo, in Relevant Environment
System Prototype Demonstration in a Flight Environment
Actual System Completed & Flight Qualified Through Test & Demonstration
Actual System Flight Proven Through Successful Mission Operations
BasicResearch
Prove Feasibility
TechnologyDevelopment
TechnologyDemonstration
Flight Tests &Operations
S.A.G.
Aerospace
LifeSciences
7
“… harmonizing things seen and not seen.” – S.A.G.
Copyright © 2004 by Anthony F. Laviano
®
NanotechnologyNano-biosensors
Nanowires and nanotubes interact with the biochemical world for DNA, protein characterization and sensing
GHz frequency nano-electronics and NEMSUnderstanding the ultimate speed limits of molecular electronics and single-electron-transistor devices
Nano-electromechanical devices
Nanotube and Nanowire growthChemical vapor deposition for devices beyond the lithographic limit
Development of thin-film based catalyst technologies
Towards THz electronic devicesDeep-submicron HEMT devices
Quantum transport in the ballistic regime
“… harmonizing things seen and not seen.” – S.A.G.
Copyright © 2004 by Anthony F. Laviano
®
Electronics at the Molecular ScaleSynthesis of Novel Nanomaterials
We can now synthesize and characterize a wide range of nanowire and nanotube materials, allowing investigation of electronics at the scale of individual molecules.
Development and Testing of NanoelectronicsNanoscale circuits can be 100x smaller than state-of-the art electronics and can operate with single electrons or from quantum physics principles. To take advantage of these circuits, however, further research is required to learn how they truly operate.
Nanocircuit Devices for Chemical SensorsNanowire electronics are exquisitely sensitive to tiny changes, such as when a molecule from the air lands on the device. This research is leading towards new types of detectors able to sense ultralow concentrations of harmful chemicals.
8
“… harmonizing things seen and not seen.” – S.A.G.
Copyright © 2004 by Anthony F. Laviano
®
Atomic & Molecular Basis of NanotechnologyAtom by Atom Assembly of 1-D Metal Wire
The scanning tunneling microscope (STM) is used to move single atoms and to assemble them into 1-D chains, thus revealing the formation of band structure.
Chemical Sensors – single molecule on 1-D metal chainThe adsorption of a single CO molecule on a 1-D Au chain causes dramatic changes in the electronic structure which determines electrical conductivity.
Molecular Electronics – single molecule bridgeIndividual atoms are moved to form two atomic chains separated by a gap. A molecule is manipulated to bridge this gap, connecting the molecule to two leads.
Nanomagnetism – novel magnetic nanostructuresMagnetic atoms are assembled into novel nanostructures and molecules containing a magnetic atom are connected to two magnetic leads.
I
Tip
Vacuum
Surface
V
“… harmonizing things seen and not seen.” – S.A.G.
Copyright © 2004 by Anthony F. Laviano
®
Nanowires in Analytical ChemistryNanowire Synthesis by Electrodeposition
Why does the attachment of molecules to the surface of metal nanowires modify their conductivity?
BioSensorsBy anchoring virus particles to metal nanowires, highly selective biosensors can be prepared.
Gas SensorsMetal nanowire arrays that rapidly and selectively detect gases including hydrogen and ammonia have been developed.
Effects of adsorbed molecule layers on Metal and Semiconductor Nanowires.
A new method for preparing arrays of size-similar metal and semiconductor nanowires has been developed.
9
“… harmonizing things seen and not seen.” – S.A.G.
Copyright © 2004 by Anthony F. Laviano
®
Bucky Ball
Fullerenes
Nanotubes
“… harmonizing things seen and not seen.” – S.A.G.
Copyright © 2004 by Anthony F. Laviano
®
SYNTHESISSimple & Modular
ThePossibilities
Molecular SwitchesMolecular Electronics
MECHANISMElectromechanical
withMetastability
SWITCHINGRedox-Controllable
SWITCHINGBistable & Hysteretic
MOLECULESFunctionalized
forSelf-Assembly
MOLECULESAmphiphilic
for Self-Organization
MOLECULESRobust
DEVICESMolecular DependentSwitching Signatures
DEVICESGood Interfacial Interactions
Between Molecules and Electrodes
10
“… harmonizing things seen and not seen.” – S.A.G.
Copyright © 2004 by Anthony F. Laviano
®
“… harmonizing things seen and not seen.” – S.A.G.
Copyright © 2004 by Anthony F. Laviano
®
11
“… harmonizing things seen and not seen.” – S.A.G.
Copyright © 2004 by Anthony F. Laviano
®
Although it measures only 2 s 1.5 cm, up to 24 functions can be fit on an eight-channel chip. Besides saving space, the chip can decrease costs by using semiconductor batch fabrication techniques for its manufacture.
Developing better, faster and cheaper laser-based products is the incentive behind increased MOEMS development. There is no clear benefit to low-volume production of the devices. Companies want to move away from the high-cost precision manufacturing componentsused in huge, room-size printers and photocopiers to MOEMS, which could reduce the size
and cost of its machines while also enhancing image
MOEMS
“… harmonizing things seen and not seen.” – S.A.G.
Copyright © 2004 by Anthony F. Laviano
®
This photograph is a close-up of a computer chip approximately one square centimeter in area. In integrated circuits, a process called photolithography is used to introduce a precise pattern of conduction lines (wires).
Integrated Circuit
12
“… harmonizing things seen and not seen.” – S.A.G.
Copyright © 2004 by Anthony F. Laviano
®
Nano IC Roadmap
“… harmonizing things seen and not seen.” – S.A.G.
Copyright © 2004 by Anthony F. Laviano
®
13
“… harmonizing things seen and not seen.” – S.A.G.
Copyright © 2004 by Anthony F. Laviano
®
Competitive Cost Through EngineeringDesign
Influences 70% of Initial Product Cost
Graph - Courtesy ofMunro and Associates
%
10 0
90
8 0
70
6 0
50
40
30
20
1 0
D E SIGN5%
M AT E R IA L50%
LABO R15%
MANUFACTURING30%
5% %520%
70%
TRADITIONAL COST
ACCOUNTING
ACTUALINFLUENCEON TOTAL
COST
Supply Chain ManagementBuy and Apply
“… harmonizing things seen and not seen.” – S.A.G.
Copyright © 2004 by Anthony F. Laviano
®
Performance,Functionality,Reliability, etc
Today
and Today
Size
Design
14
“… harmonizing things seen and not seen.” – S.A.G.
Copyright © 2004 by Anthony F. Laviano
®
Time Line for Evolution of Life on Earth
15 bi
llion –
Univers
e beg
ins (B
ig Ban
g)
1 bill
ion –
Simple
plan
ts for
m (alga
e)
5 bill
ion –
Form
ation
of Su
n and
Solar
Syste
m
2 bill
ion –
O 2atm
osph
ere fo
rms b
y pho
tosyn
thesis
2.5 bi
llion –
Contin
ents
form
4.5 bi
llion –
Life be
gins i
n oce
ans o
n Eart
h55
0 mill
ion –
Diverse
anim
al sp
ecies
form
(Cam
brian
explo
sion)
65 m
illion
–K/T
mas
s exti
nctio
n eve
nt (D
inosau
rs be
come e
xtinc
t)
2 mill
ion –
First
appe
aranc
e of H
omo h
abilu
s (fir
st hu
mans)
400,0
00 –
First
appe
aranc
e of H
omo s
apien
s
Years Before Present Today15 billionyears ago
475 m
illion
–Fir
st lan
d plan
ts
350 m
illion
–Fir
st lan
d vert
ebrat
es
Nano E
ngine
er“… harmonizing things seen and not seen.” – S.A.G.
Copyright © 2004 by Anthony F. Laviano
®
15
“… harmonizing things seen and not seen.” – S.A.G.
Copyright © 2004 by Anthony F. Laviano
®
Shunt RegulatorShunt Regulator
Series RegulatorSeries RegulatorHeater SchematicHeater Schematic
Buck ConverterBuck Converter
Electronics Today…
“… harmonizing things seen and not seen.” – S.A.G.
Copyright © 2004 by Anthony F. Laviano
®
Molecular Sensors
Nanocrystals (n,0)
(n,n)
Photonics
Nanoparticles• 1. Surface Pre-organisation
• 2. Plasmon sensing “antenna”
• 3. Optoelectronic assemblies
• 4. Potentially mobile “reporters” S
HO2C
S
HO2C
S
HO2C
HS
HS
HS
SH
HS
SHSH
S
CO2H
S
CO2H
S
HO2C
∆λ = m ∆є -dependence on EM field strength
Electronics Today…
16
“… harmonizing things seen and not seen.” – S.A.G.
Copyright © 2004 by Anthony F. Laviano
®
…and Today
On the Head of a Pin
“… harmonizing things seen and not seen.” – S.A.G.
Copyright © 2004 by Anthony F. Laviano
®
April, 2005Santa Clara, California USA
www.wescon.com/nanoworld
Concluding Remark
Mission: Education
Goal: Application
Objective: USE
NANOWorldSM
“… Application and Use is the essence of Technology. This means, Nanotechnology is the Engineer’s Frontier, a place to build an Industry”.
www.nanoworldusa.com
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