National 4/5 Biology - Multicelluar Organisms

Section 1 – Cells, tissues & organs

*National 4/5 Biology- Multicelluar Organisms

*Re-Cap

*1) Name 3 types of tissue in humans.

*2) Name 1 type of tissue in plants

*3) For each can you name a particular specialised cell found in that tissue

*Learning Outcomes

*Today we will learn:

*- the structure and function of a variety of cells in plants and animals

*- why these specialised cells are suited to their particular functions

*-

Head contains enzymes & nucleus

Tail Designed to fertilise eggs.

Found in the testes

Can you think why these two features are important?

SPECIALISED CELLS – ANIMALS

SPERM CELLS

SPERM CELL

The head contains enzymes which allow it to digest into an egg cell and join with it.

Head contains enzymes & nucleus

Tail

Designed to Fertilise eggs.

A sperm’s long tail provides movement so it can swim and find an egg cell.

Found in the Testes

EGG (OVUM) CELL

Designed to be fertilised

Found in the ovaries

Cytoplasm

Egg membrane

Nucleus

CILIATED CELL Designed to stop lung

damage

They line all the air passages in the lungs

They have tiny hairs called cilia.

Cilia sweep mucus with trapped dust and bacteria back up the throat.

RED BLOOD CELL

•Designed to carry oxygen •Found in blood.•Large surface area, for oxygen to pass through. •Contains haemoglobin, which joins with oxygen.•Has no nucleus

CHEEK EPITHELIAL CELL

Have a flat, irregular shapeForm layers which protect the skin surface

NEURONES - a type of nerve cell

Have a long cytoplasm- insulated with myelin

Transfer nerve signals

*Your Task

*Complete the table on the handout sheet, by filling in the cell types, structures & functions of 4 different animal cells

Specialised cells & functions -animalsTissue Cell Type Structure Function Appearance

Blood

Nerve

Cheek epithelium

Ciliated epithelium

Specialised cells & functions -animalsTissue Cell Type Structure Function Appearance

Blood red blood cell

small & biconcave

transport of oxygen (rich in haemoglobin)

Nerve neurone long, insulated cytoplasm

transfer of nerve impulses

Cheek epithelium

epithelial flat, irregular shape

protection of mouth lining

Ciliated epithelium

ciliated ‘hair-like’ cilia on surface

sweeping away of dirty mucus

SPECIALISED CELLS - PLANTS

Designed for photosynthesis

- packed with chloroplasts

Found near the top of a leaf

Has a large surface area

- to absorb water and minerals.

Nucleus

Chloroplasts

PALISADE MESOPHYLL CELL

ROOT HAIR CELL

Long extension for absorbing

•Thin cell wall makes it easy for minerals to pass through.

•Large surface area•- helps absorb water and minerals. •Found in a plant root.

Vacuole

Cell membrane

thin cell wall

GUARD CELL

Have a sausage shapeThick inner cell wall

Can stretch to open a pore

These pores are called stomata

Stomata allow gases to enter/exitplants

XYLEM & PHLOEM

Xylem are hollow vesselsLined with lignin

Help transport water

Phloem run alongside xylemThey have companion cells - control the phloem

Phloem transports sugar

*Your Task

*Complete the table on the handout sheet, by filling in the cell types, structures & functions of 4 different plant cells

Specialised cells & functions - plantsTissue Cell Type Structure Function Appearance

Epidermis

Leaf Vein

Root

Mesophyll

Specialised cells & functions - plantsTissue Cell Type Structure Function Appearance

Epidermis Guard Cell Sausage shape. Thick inner cell wall

Open and close stomata

Xylem Hollow tube, strengthened with lignin

Support and water transport

Root Root Hair Long extension

Absorption of water & minerals

Mesophyll Palisade Mesophyll

Chloroplasts present. Columnar shape.

Light absorption & photosynthesis

*Your Task

*You will now be given a set of cards with types of cells, and their functions and features

*You are required to match the cards under the following headingsPicture Name Location Structural

Feature(s)