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NativeBees
Habitat
and Nutrition
Most Important Ideas
Plant more flowers, shrubs, trees
Create more space for nesting bees
Be careful with pesticides
Where to Start?
Spend time with your bees and flowers
Notice variations in activity throughout the
day
Are certain bees in some flowers and
not others?
Are there variations in communities of
blooms?
Note odd behaviors of bees
Tongue length
USDA Flickr
Bees
Bees
USDA Flickr
Bees
Wilson and Messinger Carril
Bee pollen collection
Bees
Odd behavior
Flowers
Flowers
Anthers
(pollen)
Nectary
Ovaries
Mariana Ruiz LadyofHats
Flowers
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Marktee1
Different Bees, Different Purposes
Come to flowers to feed
Collect nectar for colony and energy
Collect pollen for nesting
Collect other plant products
Come to flowers because
Floral Constancy
Different People, Different Purposes
Fruit and Vegetable Garden
Flower Garden
Farm/Field
Forest
Conservation Specific
Roadside/Powerline
E. Elle, T. Haapalainen, J. Wray
Garden Plants that Attract Bees
OSU Garden Ecology Lab
2017
2018
Why the Difference?It’s Complicated
Much shorter bloom season for most
flower species 2018
Perhaps due to a combination
Heat
Low rainfall
No supplemental irrigation second year
Pests and birds
Tips for a Pollinator Flower Garden
Flowers should bloom
Early – spring (Feb – April)
Mid – summer (May – June)
Late – fall (July - Sept)
Provide different colors, shapes, and sizes
Most bees like some sunlight and protection from wind
Overlap Flowering
OBA
Marion SWCD
Oemlaria cerasiformisOregon Plum
Ribes sanguineumRed-Flowering Currant
Hydrophyllum tenuipesPacific Waterleaf
Asclepias specioseShowy Milkweed
Solidago canadensisCanada goldenrod
Flowers
Plant in patches 3 ft sq
Surround vegetable gardens
Let some vegetables go to flower
Native plants attract native bees
Diversity is important to nutrition
Common Garden Flowers
Crocus
Winter Heather
Dandelion
Liatris
Giant hyssop
Blanket Flower
Rudbeckia
Echinacea
Cosmos
Globe thistle
Sunflower
Zinnia
Mint
Bergamot
Basil
Marjoram
Rosemary
Sage
Thyme
English
lavender
Borage
Parsley
Chive
Mustard
Broccoli
Collards
Carrot
Celery
Cilantro
Onion
Flowering crops
Don’t Forget the Trees
Most important in spring
Many native bees are just emerging
Critical time for Bumble Bees
Honey Bees need to build up their strength
Fall is also Important
Honey Bees and Bumble bees
Need good nutrition before bedtime
Some solitary bees are out late, too
Flowers
Flowering Lawns
Mowing
OBA
Flowers for Honey
Where do Bees Live?
Close to flowers
Honey bees can fly ~4 mi (range of 8)
Bumble bees fly ~7 mi (range of 14)
Halictid bees ~ .25 mi (medium sized)
Mason bees fly 100-300 ft
Lasioglossum only flies 50 ft (small sized)
Close to their nest
Close to nesting materials and water
Nesting Requirements
Ground Nesters – Bare ground
Stem Nesters – Available holes
Bumblebees - Burrows and bird nests
Honeybees - Cavities and boxes
Ground NestersHow Do You Know They Are There?
Ants
Halictid
Andrena
Ground Nesting Bees
The smallest bees don’t travel far (50 ft.)
Need open, sunny ground nearby
Don’t over mulch beds
New ways to decorate
Avoid plastic mulch
Take care in tilling
South and East Facing Slopes
Notice activity in open bare areas
Most appreciate packed areas near paths
Some nest at the edges of asphalt and rock
Ground NestingOpen Soil and Lawn
A Place to Get a Drink and Stay Cool
Stem nesting
Stem nesting - Ceratina
Opportunists – Osmia and Megachile
Bumble Bee Nests
Victoria MacPhail
Bumble Bee - Nest
Phelyan Sanjoin, Wikipedia, Flickr
Bumble Bee Nest
www.bumblebeeconservation.org
Bumble Bee Nest Box
Bumble Bee Favorites
Insecticides
PNW 591, Table 4
RT = Residual Toxicity
ERT = Extended Residual Toxicity, Residues
expected to cause at least 25% mortality for
longer than 8 hours after application
InsecticidesYou Cannot Judge a Book by Its Cover
OBA
Pyrethrin is
botanical but
alters nerve
function and
causes death
The Danger ?
Oregon Department of Agriculture
Photo credit:
Sam Droege/USGS
Laurence Packer
Bees, An Up-Close Look at Pollinators
Around the World
Megachile fortis
Sarah A. Taylor, Common Bee Pollinators of Oregon Crops, ODA 2016
ODA Postershttp://www.odaguides.us/posters.html
Bumble Bees of the Western UShttps://www.fs.fed.us/wildflowers/pollinators/documents/BumbleBeeGuideWestern2012.pdf
J. H. Cane, 2015, Landscaping pebbles attract nesting by the native ground-nesting bee Halictus rubicundus (Hymenoptera: Halictidae). Apidologie. DOI: 10.1007/s13592-015-0364z.
Joseph S. Wilson & Olivia Messinger Carril, The Bees In Your Backyard, 2016
Sam Droege, Bees: An Up-Close Look at Pollinators Around the World
L. Hooven, R. Sagili, E. Johansen, How to Reduce Bee Poisoning from Pesticides; OSU, pnw591AND phone application
Plants for Pollinators in Oregon, NRCS, PM13
Attracting Native Pollinators, Xerces, 2011
Selecting Plants for Pollinators, Pacific Lowland Mixed Forest Providence, Pollinator Partnership, NAPPC
Pennsylvania Native Bee Survey, Citizen Scientist Pollinator Monitoring Guide, Xerces (though it is east coast, there is good Family level information)
References
Recommended