View
219
Download
3
Category
Preview:
Citation preview
Titelmaster
Friesecke/Lockemann
Neighbourhood Improvement Districts in Germany – A New Form of Urban Governance for the Improvement of
Residential Areas
FIG Working Week 2008, Stockholm, Sweden, June 18, 2008
Dipl.-Ing. Frank FrieseckeInstitute of Geodesy and GeoinformationUniversity of Bonn, Germany
Dipl.-Ing. Silja LockemannBezirksregierung Düsseldorf
Düsseldorf, Germany
Friesecke/Lockemann June 18, 2008 Neighbourhood Improvement Districts in Germany
2
Table of Contents
I. IntroductionII. Brief review: BIDs in GermanyIII. What is a NID?IV. Legal FoundationV. Organizational StructureVI. The NID Model in Hamburg
Pilot project: NID SteilshoopVII. Pros and Cons of a NIDVIII. Conclusions and Outlook
Friesecke/Lockemann
Private Initiatives in Urban Development
Property owners, industrialists, manufacturer
Commercial and industrial area
Working Area Improvement District (WID)
Property owners, tenants
Residential areaNeighbourhood Improvement District (NID)
Property and business owners, retailers
City center, business area
Business ImprovementDistrict (BID)
Main actorsType of areasTerm
June 18, 2008 Neighbourhood Improvement Districts in Germany
3
Friesecke/Lockemann
Private Initiatives in Urban Development
Property owners, industrialists, manufacturer
Commercial and industrial area
Working Area Improvement District (WID)
Property owners, tenants
Residential areaNeighbourhood Improvement District (NID)
Property and business owners, retailers
City center, business area
Business ImprovementDistrict (BID)
Main actorsType of areasTerm
June 18, 2008 Neighbourhood Improvement Districts in Germany
4
Friesecke/Lockemann
II. Where it all began…
World‘s oldest Business Improvement Area Bloor West Village in Toronto, Canada (1970)Today more than 1.000 BIDs in North AmericaBID initiatives in Europe, Japan, Australia and South AfricaSince 2003: formation and implementation of BIDs in Germany and United Kingdom
June 18, 2008 Neighbourhood Improvement Districts in Germany
5
http://www.bloorwestvillage.com/
Friesecke/Lockemann
BID „Sachsentor“ and „Neuer Wall“
– The first BIDs in Germany –
Objectivesto enhance the quality of open spacesto create/conserve a retail mix in urban areasto assure the property values 6
Measures(Financial) incentives for new retailersDecorations in case of vacancySeasonal plantingAmeliorating street lightingImproving the public parking systemFacility managementAdditional street/sidewalk cleaningFestival/ special event programmingSocial services
June 18, 2008 Neighbourhood Improvement Districts in Germany
Friesecke/Lockemann
BID „Neuer Wall“
7
June 18, 2008 Neighbourhood Improvement Districts in Germany
BID-zoneLand ParcelsRoad-/footways and facility managementRoad-/footways and facility management(optionally)
http://www.bid-neuerwall.de
Friesecke/Lockemann
Private Initiatives in Urban Development
Property owners, industrialists, manufacturer
Commercial and industrial area
Working Area Improvement District (WID)
Property owners, tenants
Residential areaNeighbourhood Improvement District (NID), in Germany: Housing Improvement District (HID)
Property and business owners, retailers
City center, business area
Business ImprovementDistrict (BID)
Main actorsType of areasTerm
June 18, 2008 Neighbourhood Improvement Districts in Germany
8
Friesecke/Lockemann
III. Defining NIDs
A Neighbourhood Improvement Districts (NID) is a geographically defined residential area in which the property owners make a collective contribution to stabilize and improve their residential district.
The NID services provided are supplementary to those provided by the municipality and usually include security, maintenance of public spaces, additional removal of litter and graffiti, parking improvements, special events, social services and/or marketing activities.
A NID is an additional instrument of urban developmentand urban regeneration – not a substitute!
June 18, 2008 Neighbourhood Improvement Districts in Germany
9
Friesecke/Lockemann
IV. Legal Foundation
In 2007, the German government ratified a new „ActFacilitating Planning Projects for Inner Urban Development“.A new section 171f in the Federal Building Code has been added to promote private initiatives in urban development.The section allows to establish special initiatives in agreement with publicly articulated goals to strenghten ordevelop inner-city areas, neighbourhood centers, residential areas, and commercial centers.The financing mechanism and the levels of the private-sector contribution will be determined by the Federal States.
June 18, 2008 Neighbourhood Improvement Districts in Germany
10
Friesecke/Lockemann
NID Characteristics in Hamburg
As a pioneer in Germany, the city of Hamburg established a “Law to Strengthen Residential Districts through Private Initiative”, which came into force on January 1st, 2008.
The NID needs the support of 30% of the property owners (negative vote < 30%).After a successful ballot, every proprietor in the clearly defined residential area has to pay a special tax based on the value of the properties.
Limited period of time (max. five years)Implementation through professionally-managed organization
June 18, 2008 Neighbourhood Improvement Districts in Germany
11
Friesecke/Lockemann
12
V. Organizational Structure of a NID
District managementorganization/task manager
District managementorganization/task manager
Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg
Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg
Property ownersProperty owners
contract(under publiclaw)
realization of NID measures and services
resolution bypassing a decree-law
transferof
funds
NID levy
positive vote: ≥ 1/3negative vote: ≤ 1/3
contracts underprivate law
NeighbourhoodImprovement
District
Credit institution forresidential building
of Hamburg
Credit institution forresidential building
of Hamburg supervision
June 18, 2008 Neighbourhood Improvement Districts in Germany
Friesecke/Lockemann
Possible NID MeasuresBuilding and housing environment Public spaces
Construction of new buildings (e.g. local authority center)Demolition of buildingsChange of use of buildings and apartmentsTemporary use of fallow areasFacility managementVacancy managementStorefront improvement programs
Park and public space enhancements, e.g. planting trees/shrubbery/flowersEstablishment of playground areas/sports facilitiesSupplementary street/sidewalk cleaning, removal of graffiti from buildingsDeployment of security personnel for public safetyPedestrian-scale lighting
Transportation and parking Local economyTraffic management and calmingManagement of the public parking systemPromotion of existing public transportEstablishment of additional parking lotsNoise protection planning
Employment incentivesEstablishment of new businessesStrengthening indigenous concerns
Social services District marketing and communicationEstablishment and operation of social facilitiesEstablishment of additional programs for different target groups (e.g. youth, seniors)
Development of a marketing and communication conceptImage enhancement, district public relationsFestival and special event programming
13
June 18, 2008 Neighbourhood Improvement Districts in Germany
Friesecke/Lockemann
14
NIDs as a Special Form of Urban Governance
Mandatory elements … … cooperative tasksMandatory elements … … cooperative tasks
legal foundation („NID law“)NID levy for all property ownersstatutory conclusion of a contract under public lawbetween city and task managersupervision of the taskmanager by the stateestablishment of a NID for a limited period
establishment throughresidents‘ initativesprivately directed organizationsolutions by mutualagreement:
- concept of measures- financing plan- choice of the taskmanager
Local authority Property owners
June 18, 2008 Neighbourhood Improvement Districts in Germany
Friesecke/Lockemann
Hamburg Steilshoop – The First German NID?
Housing Real Estate built between 1969 and 19756.380 dwellings – 14.300 inhabitants - 84 ha – 21 large buildingsUrban Renewal Program between 1987 and 1999Working group of proprietors in action since 2006Political and administrative support for NID
June 18, 2008 Neighbourhood Improvement Districts in Germany
www.google.maps.de
15
Friesecke/Lockemann
NID „Steilshoop“
16
June 18, 2008 Neighbourhood Improvement Districts in Germany
ProblemsIncreasing vacancy ratesNegative citywide imageMismanagement and neglect of public space
ObjectivesDevelopment of concepts for area developmentRealisation of services like additional cleaningSecurity or resident-related servicesCapital improvements like the enhancement of thetechnical and social infrastructureLand-scaping and improvement in the public realmImage campaigns and public events
Friesecke/Lockemann
NID „Steilshoop“
17
June 18, 2008 Neighbourhood Improvement Districts in Germany
Friesecke/Lockemann
VI. SWOT Analysis of a NID
Encouraging corporate social responsibilityAttracting inward investment: helping to decrease vacancy rates and to increase the value of the propertiesMaking the district more competitive with surrounding residential areas
Providing additional services that improve the district environmentSupporting the long-term sustainability of a geographically defined residential areaDeveloping partnerships between the public and private sector, strengthening private initiativesPredictable and reliable funding source for supplemental services and programsNo free-rider problem
OPPORTUNITIESSTRENGTHS
June 18, 2008 Neighbourhood Improvement Districts in Germany
18
Friesecke/Lockemann
SWOT Analysis of a NID
Exorbitant expectations of the property ownersStep by step privatization of public tasksStrengthening “strong districts”with property owners that are able to pay the NID levy in debit of “weak districts”Relocating problem areas to other districtsArising expenses even if the vote for a NID failures
Lack of practical experience in GermanyMandatory district assessment as an unbalanced impact obligating all members of the property owners group and imposing no extra obligation on the other members (lack of tenant participation)Great efforts to mobilize the property ownersLong foundation process (approx. two years)
THREATSWEAKNESSES
June 18, 2008 Neighbourhood Improvement Districts in Germany
19
Friesecke/Lockemann
20
VII. Conclusions and Outlook
1. NIDs are compatible with constitutional law.2. They can be used for all areas with mainly residential
usage.3. They provide enhanced services that improve the
district environment.4. Everybody that profits from the measures also has to
co-finance (no free-riders).5. Financing systems help make the measures easy to
plan for.6. The measures are less expensive if completed in a
group than if completed separately.7. NIDs encourage corporate social responsibility.
June 18, 2008 Neighbourhood Improvement Districts in Germany
Friesecke/Lockemann
21
Thank you very much for your attention!
Contacts:
Dipl.-Ing. Silja LockemannAuf dem Hügel 113D – 53121 Bonnlockemann@argeos.de
Dipl.-Ing. Frank FrieseckeInstitute of Geodesy and GeoinformationUniversity of BonnNußallee 1D – 53115 Bonnwww.isbk.uni-bonn.de
June 18, 2008 Neighbourhood Improvement Districts in Germany
Recommended