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MAKALAH
Neraca MassaPROSES INDUSTRI KIMIA
SABUN DAN DETERGENT
Disusun oleh :
Nama : M. DERRY ADHATUL AKBARYOGI GUSTARIAWAN PDosen Pembimbing:
Ir. Nyayu Zubaidah M.SiJurusan Teknik Kimia
Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya
2013/2014
NERACA MASSA INDUSTRI SABUN
(CH3COO)3C3H5 = 1100 kg CH3COOH CH3COOH NaOH 600 kg
H2OH2O
H2O = 800 kg
C3H5(OH)3
CH3COONa
H2O H2O
Gambar 1. Blok Diagram Industri Sabun
1. Neraca Massa pada Hidrolizer
(CH3COO)3C3H5 = 1100 kg CH3COOH ....?
H2O.?
H2O = 800 kg
C3H5(OH)3 ....?
H2O....?
( (CH3COO)3C3H5 = 1,1 ton x 1000 kg = 1100 kg = 5,045 kmol 1 ton 218 kg/kmol
( H2O = 0,8 ton x 1000 kg = 800 kg = 44,44 kmol
1 ton 18 kg/kmol
( Reaksi 1 (Fat Splitting )
(CH3COO)3C3H5 + 3H2O 3 CH3COOH + C3H5(OH)3M : 5,045 kmol44,44 kmol
- -
B : 5,045 kmol15,135 kmol 15,135 kmol 5,045 kmol
S : - 29,305 kmol
15,135 kmol 5,045 kmol
Mr : - 18 kg/kmol 60 kg/kmol 92 kg/kmol
kg - 527,49 kg 908,1 kg 464,14 kg(CH3COO)3C3H5 = 1100 kg CH3COOH = 908,1 kg
H2O =527,49 kg + H2O = 800 kg + 1435,59 kg
1900 kg
C3H5(OH)3 = 464,14 kg
Tabel Neraca Massa pada Hidrolizer
KomposisiInput Output
kg kmolkgkmol
(CH3COO)3C3H511005,045--
H2O80044,44527,4929,305
CH3COOH--908,115,135
C3H5(OH)3--464,145,045
Total 190049,4951899,7349,485
2. Neraca Massa pada High Vacum Still (63,24%) CH3COOH = 908,1 kg (36,74) H2O = 527,49 kg + H2O (5%) .?
CH3COOH (95%).?
A 1435,59 kg C
(100%) H2O.? B
Dalam high vacum still tidak terjadi reaksi, karena di dalam high vacum still ini hanya terjadi distilasi (pemisahan). Neraca massa total 1435,59 kg = B + C
B = 1435,59 kg C
Neraca CH3COOH 63,25% x A = B + 95%
63,25 x 1435,59 = 0 B + 95
100 100
908,1 = 0,95 C
C = 955,89
Neraca H2O 36,74% x A = 100%B + 5%
36,74 1435,59 = 100 B + 5
100 100 100
527,49 = B + 0,05 C
B = 1435,59 kg C
B = 1435,59 kg 955,89
B = 480,05
CH3COOH = 95 x 955,89 = 908,0955 ( 908,1 100
H2O = 5 x 480,05 = 24,00
100
(63,24%) CH3COOH = 908,1 kg (36,74) H2O = 527,49 kg + H2O (5%) = 24,00 kg
CH3COOH (95%) = 908,1 kg A 1435,59 kg C 932,1kg
(100%) H2O = 24 kg B
Tabel Neraca Massa pada High Vacum Still
KomponenInput (kg)Output (kg)
BC
CH3COOH908,1-908,1
H2O527,49480,0524,00
Total 1435,591412,15
3. Neraca Massa pada Mixer
NaOH = 600 kg
CH3COOH = 908,1 kg
Pada blender tidak terjadi reaksi, hasil yamg keluar dari mixer di masukkan ke dalam blender dengan kecepatan rendah sehingga campuran lebih homogen.
( 50% NaOH = 0,3 ton x 1000 kg= 300 kg = 7,5 kmol
1 ton 18 kg/kmol
( CH3COOH = 15,135 kmol( Reaksi II (Fat Splitting)
CH3COOH + NaOH CH3COONa + H2O
M : 15,135 kmol 7,5 kmol - -
B : 7,5 kmol 7,5 kmol 7,5 kmol 7,5 kmol
S : 7,635 kmol - 7,5 kmol 7,5 kmol Mr : 60 kg/kmol - 81 kg/kmol 18 kg/kmol
kg : 458,1 kg - 607,5 kg
135 kg NaOH = 600 kg
CH3COOH = 908,1 kg
Tabel Neraca Massa pada Mixer
KomposisiInput Output
kgkmol kgKmol
CH3COOH908,115,135458,17,635
NaOH3007,5--
CH3COONa--607,57,5
H2O--1357,5
Total 1208,122,6361200,622,635
NERACA MASSA INDUSTRI DETERGENT CH3COO)3C3H5 = 1100 kg
H2O = 800 kg
H2SO4.SO3
C3H5CH3COO CH3COOH
C3H5(OH)3
H2O
H2SO4
CH3COOC3H5.SO3H
H2O
NaOH
C3H5OH CH3COOC3H5.SO3H
H2O
Air
C3H5OH
CH3COONa
H2SO4
H2O
CH3COONa
Gambar 2. Blok Diagram Industri Detergent
1. Neraca Massa pada Alkilator
CH3COO)3C3H5 = 1000 kg
H2O = 800 kg +
1800 kg
H2O..?
CH3COOH?
C3H5(OH)3.?
Pada industri detergent di asumsikan dengan basis 1 ton bahan baku.
( (CH3COO)3C3H5 = 1 ton x 1000 kg = 1000 kg = 4,587 kmol
1 ton 218 kg/kmol
( H2O = 0,8 ton x 1000 kg = 800 kg = 44,444 kmol
1 ton 18 kg/kmol (CH3COO)3C3H5 + 3H2O 3 CH3COOH + C3H5(OH)3 M :4,587 kmol 44,444 kmol -
-
B :4,587 kmol 13,761 kmol 13.761 kmol 4,587 kmol
S : - 30,683 kmol
13.761 kmol 4,587 kmol
Mr : -
18 kg/kmol 60 kg/kmol 92 kg/kmol
kg -
552,3 kg 825,7 kg 422 kg
CH3COO)3C3H5 = 1000 kg
H2O = 800 kg + 1800 kg
H2O
= 552,3 kgCH3COOH= 825,7 kg
C3H5(OH)3= 422 kg +
1800 kg
Tabel Neraca Massa pada Alkilator
KomponenInputOutput
KmolKgKmolKg
(R-COO)3C3H5 4,5871000--
H2O44,44480030,683552,3
CH3COOH-- 13.761825,7
C3H5(OH)3--4,587422
Jumlah 49,031180049,0311800
2. Neraca Massa pada settler 1 H2O (30,68%) = 552,3 kg
CH3COOH (45,87%) = 825,7 kg
C3H5(OH)3 (23,44%) = 422 kg
1800 kg
C3H5(OH)3 (35%)..? CH3COOH (65%).....?
(100%)H2O?Di dalm settler 1 tidak terjadi reaksi, karena settler digunkan untuk pengadukan. Neraca massa total 1800 kg = B + C
B = 1800 kg C
Neraca CH3COOH 45,87% x A = B + 65%
45,87x 1800= 0 B + 65
100 100
825,7 = 0,65 C
C = 1270,3
Neraca H2O 30,68% x A = 100%B + 0 C
30,68 x 1800 = 100 B
100 100
Neraca C3H5(OH)3 23,44% x A = 0B + 35% C
23,44 x 1800 = 35 C
100 100
C = 1205,7
CH3COOH = 65 x 1270,3 = 825,69 ( 825,7 100
C3H5(OH)3 = 35 x 1205,7 = 421,99 ( 422 100
A H2O (30,68%) = 552,3 kg
CH3COOH (45,87%) = 825,7 kg
C3H5(OH)3 (23,44%) = 422 kg
1800 kg
C
C3H5(OH)3 (35%) = 422 kg CH3COOH (65%) = 825,7 kg + 1247,7
B (100%)H2O = 552,3 kg
Tabel Neraca Massa pada Settler 1KomponenInout (kg)Output (kg)
BC
CH3COOH825,7-825,7
H2O552,3552,3-
C3H5(OH)3 422-422
Total 18001800
3. Neraca Massa pada Reaktor
C3H5CH3COO CH3COOH
C3H5(OH) H2O ( CH3COOH = 13,761 kmol
( C3H5(OH)3 = 4,587 kmol
CH3COOH + C3H5(OH)3 C3H5CH3COO + 2H2O M :13,761 kmol 4,587 kmol -
-
B :4,587 kmol 4,587 kmol 4,587 kmol 4,587 kmol
S :9,204 kmol - 4,587 kmol 4,587 kmol
Mr : 60 kg/kmol - 100 kg/kmol 18 kg/kmol
kg : 552,24 kg
- 458,7 kg 82,566 kg
C3H5CH3COO = 458,7 kg CH3COOH = 825,7 kg
C3H5(OH)3 = 422 kg + 1247,7 kg H2O = 82,566 kg Tabel Neraca Massa pada ReaktorKomponenInputOutput
Kg Kmol Kg Kmol
CH3COOH825,713,761552,249,204
C3H5(OH)3 4224,587--
C3H5CH3COO-- 458,74,587
H2O--82,5664,587
Jumlah 1247,718,3481093,5418,378
4. Neraca Massa pada Sulfonator H2SO4.SO3
C3H5CH3COO
H2SO2
CH3COOC3H5.SO3H
( C3H5CH3COO = 1 ton x 1000 kg = 1000 kg = 10 kmol
1 ton 100 kg/kmol
( H2SO4.SO3 = 0,5 ton x 1000 kg = 500 kg = 2,808 kmol
1 ton 178 kg/kmol C3H5CH3COO + H2SO4.SO3 CH3COO C3H5.SO3H + H2SO4 M : 10 kmol 2,808 kmol
- -
B : 2,808 kmol 2,808 kmol
2,808 kmol 2,808 kmol
S : 7,192 kmol - 2,808 kmol 2,808 kmol
Mr : 100 kg/kmol -
180 kg/kmol 98 kg/kmol
Kg : 719,2 kg - 505,44 kg 275,184 k
H2SO4.SO3 = 500 kg C3H5CH3COO = 1000 kg
H2SO4 = 275,184 kg
CH3COOC3H5.SO3H = 505,44 kg + 780,624 kgTabel Neraca Massa pada SulfonatorKomponenInputOutput
KmolKgKmolKg
C3H5CH3COO 1010007,192 719,2
H2SO4.SO3 2,808500-
CH3COO C3H5.SO3H --2,808505,44
H2SO4--2,808275,184
Jumlah 12,808150012,8081499.824
5. Neraca Massa pada Acid Tank
CH3COOC3H5.SO3H H2SO4
CH3COOC3H5.SO3H H2O
H2SO4 ( CH3COOC3H5.SO3H = 1 ton = 1000 kg = 5,524 kmol
181 kg/kmol
( H2SO4 = 0,5 ton x 1000 kg = 500 kg = 5,102 kmol
1 ton 98 kg/kmol
( H2O = 0,8 ton x 1000 kg = 800 kg = 44,44 kmol
1 ton 18 kg/kmol
CH3COOC3H5.SO3H + H2SO4 + H2O CH3COOC3H5.SO3H + 2H2SO4
M : 5,524 kmol 5,102 kmol 44,44 kmol - -
B : 5,102 kmol 5,102 kmol 5,102 kmol 5,102kmol 10,204 kmol
S : 0,422 kmol - 39,338 kmol 5,102 kmol 10,204 kmol
Mr : 181 kg/kmol - 18 kg/kmol 181 kg/kmol 98 kg/kmol
Kg : 76,38 kg - 708 kg 923,46 kg 999,99kg
Tabel Neraca Massa pada Acid TankKomponenInputOutput
KmolKgKmolKg
CH3COOC3H5.SO3H 5,52410000,42276,38
H2SO45,10250010,204999,99
H2O 44,44480039,342708
CH3COOC3H5.SO3H --5,102923,46
Jumlah 55,07230055,072710,83
6. Neraca Massa pada Neutralizer
NaOH
CH3COOC3H5.SO3H
C3H5OH CH3COONa ( CH3COO C3H5 = 1 ton x 1000 kg = 1000 kg = 10 kmol
1 ton 100 kg/kmol ( NaOH = 0,6 ton x 1000 kg = 600 kg = 15 kmol
1 ton 40 kg/kmol
CH3COO C3H5 + NaOH CH3COO Na + C3H5OHM : 10 kmol 15 kmol - -
B : 10 kmol 10 kmol 10 kmol 10 kmol
S : - 5 kmol 10 kmol 10 kmol
Mr : - 40 kg/kmol 82 kg/kmol 58 kg/kmol - 200 kg 820 kg 580 kg
NaOH = 600 kg
CH3COOC3H5 = 1000 kg
C3H5OH = 580 kg CH3COONa = 820 kg + 1400 kg
Tabel Neraca Massa pada Neutralizer
KomponenInputOutput
KmolKgKmolKg
CH3COO C3H5 101000--
NaOH156005200
CH3COO Na --10820
C3H5OH--10580
Jumlah 251600251600
C3H5OH
Air
C3H5OH
CH3COONa
H2O
CH3COONa
Reaksi pada mixer:
CH3COO Na + C3H5OH + H2O CH3COO Na + C3H5OH + H2O
Pada mixer hanya terjadi pencampuran dengan air, hasil dari pencampuran tersebut dialirkan ke dalam spray tower, di sini campuran tadi di semprot dengan udara agar tidak mengandung air, dan di dapat detergent berbentuk butiran, sedangkan hasil yang tidak dipakai akan di buang.
Hidrolizer
Hidrolizer
Blender
mixer
High vacuum still
Hidrolyzer
Flowsheet sabun
Yield: 30-35kg/
ton of soap
Activated
Carbon
Filter
Blender
Chipping Rolls
Spray Dryer
For Soap Power
Bar Stock
Presses
Soap to Final
Product
NaOH
Mixer
Steam
Fatty Acid
Product
99% white
Glycerine
H2O
99% Yellow Glycerine
For industrial Use
Holding
Tank
Air
Steam
Still
Holding Tank
Triple
Effect
Evap
waste
High vacuum still
Steam Flas tank
15-20%
Glycerine
Impurities
Fat
+
Catalyst
Ion exchange
Fatty
acid
Hydrolizer
230- 250oC 40-45atms
Mixer
Spray
tower
Neutralizer
Neutralizer
Acid tank
Sulfonator
Sulfonator
Reactor
Reactor
Settler 1
Settler 1
Alkilator
Alkilator
Mixer
Spray
tower
Acid tank
Neutralizer
Settler 2
Settler 1
Sulfonator
Alkilator
Reactor
CH3COONa = 607,5 kg
H2O = 135 kg
CH3COOH = 458,1 kg 1200,6 kg
H2O CH3COOH
Blender
Mixer
CH3COONa..?
H2O.........?
CH3COO.?
H2O CH3COOH
Blender
Mixer
High vacuum still
High vacuum still
Flowsheet Detergent
Oleum
H2O
Distillation columns
Mixer
Air
Water
NaOH
Water
Settler 2
Acid
Tank
Detergent
Sulfonator
Neutralizer
Effluent
Spray
tower
Alkylator
Sludge
Settler 1
Fatty acid
(asam lemak)
Reactor
3
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