Network Design (Practical design of a network for Dowling College) by Georgi Todorov Dowling College...

Network Design (Practical design of a network for Dowling College)

by Georgi TodorovDowling College

Oakdale, NY, 11769http://mcs.dowling.edu/POCS/

by Georgi TodorovDowling College

Oakdale, NY, 11769http://mcs.dowling.edu/POCS/

POCS Seminar Series 2006POCS Seminar Series 2006

Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike2.5 LicenseCreative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike2.5 License

OutlineWhat is a network?

How do we design one?

What are the requirements?

What information do we need and how do we get it?

What are the optimal solutions that will meet the requirements?

Structured Cabling Standards

Safety

Installation Process

Proposed SolutionCreative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike2.5 LicenseCreative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike2.5 Licenseby Georgi Todorov

What is a network?

“A computer network is a system for communication between computers.” - Wikipedia[1]

Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike2.5 LicenseCreative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike2.5 LicenseCreative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike2.5 LicenseCreative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike2.5 Licenseby Georgi Todorov

How do we design a network?

Requirements

Collect information

Current technologies and how can they help us meet the requirements

Requirements @ DC• Services:

• WWW - Web site of the college

• Mail - (webmail, pop3, smtp, imap4)

• DNS - (address resolution and propagation)

• Internet connection

• Intranet

Requirements @ DC(2)

• Security:

• Admin Network

• Students Network

• Faculty Network

• Dorms Network

• Wireless Network

Information• Cabling:

• Building blueprints - drawings that provide distance information, service outlet location

• Floor plans

• Site plans for overview of the project

• T-drawings - telephone placement

• E-drawings - electrical reference

• A-drawings - discover architectural features and available pathways

Information(2)

• Other:

• Number of faculty offices

• Number of classrooms

• Number of staff offices

• Computer labs location and number of computers

• Other information

DC Information • Racanelli:

• 37 rooms used for classes

• 1st floor: 4 labs, library, Student Services(11 hosts), Cafeteria

• 2nd floor: Int. Student Office(4 rooms), 15 rooms, library (10 hosts)

• 3rd floor: 32 rooms

• 4th floor: 24 rooms, Science? Office (4 rooms)

DC Information(2)

• Kramar Science Center:

• 13 rooms in KSC used for classes

• 0th floor:12 rooms

• 1st floor: 22 rooms

• 2nd floor: 6 biology labs

• 3rd floor: 10 offices

DC Information(3)

• Fortunoff Hall:

• No rooms for classes

• 0th floor: 24 rooms

• 1st floor: 10 rooms

• 2nd floor: 30 rooms

• 3rd floor: 10 rooms

DC Information(4)

• Student Dorms:

• No rooms for classes

• 1st floor: 2 x 12 rooms = 24 rooms

• 2nd floor: 2 x 12 rooms = 24 rooms

• 3rd floor: 2 x 14 rooms = 28 rooms

DC Information(5)

• Other buildings:

• Security Building

• Performing Arts Center

• Curtin Student Center

• EDN

• EDS

• Brookhaven Campus

Technologies & Standards

• Why follow standards?

• They are not vendor specific

• They are widely used

• They are officially specified

• They work

Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA)

and Electronic Industries Alliance (EIA)

• TIA/EIA-568-B.1 -> Commercial Building Telecommunications Cabling Standard - General Requirements

• TIA/EIA-568-B.2 -> Balanced Twisted Pair Cabling Components

• Only 100-ohm Category 3, 5e, and 6 cables are recognized

• Category 5e or greater is now the recommended cable for 100-ohm twisted pair

• When terminating Category 5e and higher cables, the pairs should not be untwisted more than 13 mm (0.5 inch) from the point of termination

• TIA/EIA-568-B.3 -> Optical fiber Cabling Components

• TIA/EIA-568-B -> Cabling Standards

• TIA/EIA-569-A -> Commercial Building Standard for Telecommunications Pathways and Spaces

• TIA/EIA-570-A -> Residential and Light Commercial Telecommunications Wiring Standard

• TIA/EIA-606 -> Administration Standard for the Telecommunications Infrastructure of Commercial Buildings

• TIA/EIA-607 -> Commercial Building Grounding and Bonding Requirements for Telecommunications

Cat 5e vs Cat 6 and up

• Main difference is in the spacing between the pairs inside the cable.

• Cat 6 and 7 are fully shielded. Each pair has a foil wrap and a braided sheath surrounds the four foil-wrapped pairs.

Safety

• Many many standards!• Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)• Material safety data sheet (MSDS)• Underwriters Laboratories (UL)• National Electrical Code (NEC)• TIA/EIA-607-A

• Important: Grounding - TIA/EIA-607-A

• No loose or baggy clothes

• Sturdy, fully enclosed shoes

• Safety glasses

• Even hard hats

Tools• Patch tool -> patching

• Cable tester -> testing the signal/cable

• (multi-pair) impact tool -> patching

• Cable stripping tool

• Electrician scissors

• Cable knife

• Stud sensor -> checking the walls

• Measuring wheel

• Fish tape -> retrieval of wires inside walls

• Cable tree -> supports cable reels

Glossary

• MDF -> Main Distribution Facility - Usually a room that concentrates all cable runs in a building, stores servers routers etc. (Vertical Cabling)

• IDF -> Intermediate Distribution Facility -> a room or a closet that concentrates cable runs from a single floor can have switches and/or routers.(Horizontal Cabling)

Cabling

• Install all cables in the ceilings, walls, floor, ducts and risers and label them on both sides

• Terminate cables and install patch-panels

• Test the cables, troubleshoot and certificate

• Testing -> is there a signal

• Certification -> how well the signal is carried from one end to the other by the wire

But what cables to use?

Design(1)

•Oakdale Campus:

•4 buildings: Racanelli, Fortunoff, Kramar, Dorms.

•RC, FH, KSC -> 4 floors each; Dorms -> 3 floors.

•Good design:

•1 MDF in each building

•1 IDF on every floor

Design(2)

•Consider:

•Fortunoff and Kramar = 1 building?

•=> 1 MDF for Fortunoff/Kramar

•Is an MDF @ the Dorms a good idea?

•Security

•Administration

•Kramar: 2nd floor only 6 rooms and 3rd floor about 10 rooms -> 1 IDF for both floors?

Dowling College

Design(3)

•Let’s start drawing!

Dowling College Backbone

Racanelli Floor 1

Racanelli Floor 2

Racanelli Floor 3

Racanelli Floor 4

Fortunoff Floor 0

Fortunoff Floor 1

Fortunoff Floor 2

Fortunoff Floor 3

Kramar Floor 0

Kramar Floor 1

Kramar Floors 2 & 3

Dorms Floor 1

Dorms Floor 2

Dorms Floor 3

Oakdale Campus

Oakdale Campus(2)

•1,2 or 3 GBit Fiber between MDF1 and MDF2(depending on budget)

•1GBit fiber or cat6 between IDF and Servers and IDF and MDF (depending on budget)

•100mbit cat5e or cat6 between IDF and nodes

Totals

•Approx 800 nodes(PCs, Printers, Servers, Switches, etc.)

•Average cable run 70m (230 ft)

•Approx 5600m cable (18380ft)

•Approx number of 24 port switches: 70

But what cables to use?

Oakdale Campus

Technologies

• 100BASE-TX -> cat 5 upto 100m (328 feet) (RJ45)

• 1000BASE-T -> cat 5e upto 100m (328 feet) (RJ45)

• 1000BASE-SX -> micro multimode fiber upto 275m (853 feet) for 62.5 microfiber and 550m (1804.5 feet) for 50 micro fiber

Prices

• cat 5e Approx. 20c/m (6c/ft) ($100-$200 per run)

• cat 6 Approx. 55c/m (17c/ft)

• multimode fiber Approx. $1.5/m (46c/ft)

• 1GBitE fiber module for CISCO switch-> $30-$40

• Cisco switch -> ???? ($N00-$N000)

Limits• TIA/EIA-569-A standard -> Demarcation point (where the internet

comes to the customer), Equipment rooms etc:

• - A distribution rack must have a minimum of 1 meter (3 feet) of workspace clearance in the front and rear of the rack.

• - A full equipment cabinet requires at least 76.2 cm (30 inches) of clearance in front for the door to swing open.

• - Equipment cabinets are generally 1.8-m (5.9-feet) high, 0.74-m (2.4-feet) wide, and 0.66-m (2.16-feet) deep.

• TIP: patch panels should not be high on a rack mount, however servers and switches should be at the bottom for stability.

• ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-B specifies -> metering of cables

• - 5 m (16.4 feet) of patch cord to interconnect equipment patch panels

• - 5 m (16.4 feet) of cable from the cable termination point on the wall to the telephone or computer

• - 90 m (295 feet) of cable run from patch panel to the outlet

Patch Panels

Labeling• Label every end of every cable• Use a labeling scheme that can be self-

identifying if possible• Ex:

@IDF/MDF@IDF/MDF @Room@Room

KSF1R1A R1AKSF1

KSF1R1B R1BKSF1

KSF1R1C R1CKSF1

KSF1R2A R2AKSF1

KSF1R2B R2BKSF1

KSF1R2C R2CKSF1

KSF1R3A R3AKSF1

KSF1R3B R3BKSF1

KSF1R3C R3CKSF1

IP Addressing• 800 nodes

• 4 Class C networks = 1018 ips• 5 networks required:

• Admin Network• Students Network• Faculty Network• Dorms Network• Wireless Network

• Solution: Subnetting

Subnetting

• 1 possible solution is 3 /24 networks and 2 /25 networks

• 149.72.70 - 149.72.74:• Depending on users• 149.72.74.0/24 can be divided like this:

• 149.72.74.0 - 128/25 = 126 nodes• 149.72.74.129-255/25 = 126 nodes

Wireless

• 802.11a/b/g

Internet Connection

Second Campus

Lightpath's E-Line Pricing:Mbsp Price per month10 $1,30020 $1,97050 $2,150100 $3,005150 $3,610300 $5,415

Documentation

• Document ALL STEPS during your design and cabling

• Prepare a reference table with labels• Prepare a reference table with IPs• Prepare a reference table with ip<->name

matching• Prepare an updated blueprint of the

building with all new cable runs• Document everything else

What have we done

• Full logical structure of the network• Estimated cable lengths• Labeled cables• Followed all standards• Covered all requirements• Completed the network design• Missing:

• Node Configurations• Physical location of IDFs and MDFs• Specified equipment

Questions?

References & Acknowledgment

•http://en.wikipedia.com/wiki/network•http://www.optimumlightpath.com•http://www.cisco.com/•http://www.tiaonline.com/•http://google.com•Thanks to:•Amitava Das (dasa@dowling.edu) and Herbert Bernstein (yaya@dowling.edu)

Thank You

Network Design (Practical design of a network for Dowling College) by Georgi Todorov Dowling College...

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