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Multitropic
Ebola
Enterotropic
Norovirus
Sapovirus
Rotavirus
Astrovirus
Adenovirus
Aichivirus
Hepatotropic
Hepatitis A
Hepatitis E
Neurotropic
Enterovirus
Poliovirus
Parechovirus
Nipah virus
TBE Pneumotropic
Influenza
SARS CoV-1
SARS-CoV-2
MERS-CoV
> 10.000.000
Christian Drosten (La Charité, Berlin):
The proportion of infectious SARS-CoV-2 in
respiratory secretions is very low (around 1
infectious unit in 107 physical particles) and even
less in feces
SARS-CoV-2 rapidly lose infectivity in the human GI tract.
B) Vero E6 cells infected with SARS-CoV-2 isolate for 72 hours. C) Detection of viral particles by
using transmission electron microscopy (original magnification, ×98,000).
Wu et al., 2020 The Lancet, https://doi.org/10.1016/S2468-1253(20)30083-2
Timeline of results from throat swabs and faecal samples through the course of disease
Prolonged Presence of SARS-CoV-2 Viral RNA in Faecal Samples
• Medema G, Heijnen L, Elsinga G, Italiaander R, Brouwer A. Presence of SARS-
Coronavirus-2 in sewage. medRxiv. 2020.03.29.20045880
• Lodder W, de Roda Husman AM. SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater: potential health risk, but
also data source. The Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology. 2020;5(6):533-4.
• EDAR Besòs: 3 M inhabitant equivalents
• EDAR El Prat de Llobregat: 2 M inhabitant equivalents
Primer regions:
RdRp: IP2, IP4, Institut Pasteur
Envelope protein: E, Charité Berlin
Nucleoprotein: N1, N2, CDC
Primer muestreo: 31 de marzo
Primer muestreo: 31 de marzo
Primer positivo: 15 de enero
Primer positivo: 15 de enero
Primer caso COVID-19
confirmado: 25 de febrero
Entrada Fase 1: 25 de Mayo
SARS-CoV-2 in Barcelona sewers – End of May 2020
IP2
IP4
SARS-CoV-2 in raw sewage
samples from March 2019
IP2
IP4
SARS-CoV-2 in raw sewage
samples from March 2019
Enterovirus
Average standard curves for each of the targets used in this study (IP2, IP4, E, N1 and N2). A. Regression line (solid lines) and their 99% confident (dashed lines). B. Parameters defining each of the curves.
Genome copies
10-1
100
101
102
103
104
105
Cq
valu
es
22
24
26
28
30
32
34
36
38
40
42
44
46
48
50
10-1
100
101
102
103
104
105
10-1
100
101
102
103
104
105
10-1
100
101
102
103
104
105
10-1
100
101
102
103
104
105
IP2 IP4 E N1 N2
TARGET*SLOPE INTERCEPT EFFICIENCY
R2
Percent Replicates
Positivity
101 Genome
copies
100 Genome
copies
IP2 -3.421 40.228 96.0 0.981 33 33
IP4 -3.404 39.376 96.7 0.992 67 28
E -3.436 39.152 95.5 0.994 100 50
N1 -3.513 39.543 92.6 0.995 100 0
N2 -3.120 38.540 109.2 0.991 100 67
A
B
Average standard curves for each of the targets used in this study (IP2, IP4, E, N1 and N2). A. Regression line (solid lines) and their 99% confident (dashed lines). B. Parameters defining each of the curves.
Genome copies
10-1
100
101
102
103
104
105
Cq
va
lue
s
22
24
26
28
30
32
34
36
38
40
42
44
46
48
50
10-1
100
101
102
103
104
105
10-1
100
101
102
103
104
105
10-1
100
101
102
103
104
105
10-1
100
101
102
103
104
105
IP2 IP4 E N1 N2
TARGET*SLOPE INTERCEPT EFFICIENCY
R2
Percent Replicates
Positivity
101 Genome
copies
100 Genome
copies
IP2 -3.421 40.228 96.0 0.981 33 33
IP4 -3.404 39.376 96.7 0.992 67 28
E -3.436 39.152 95.5 0.994 100 50
N1 -3.513 39.543 92.6 0.995 100 0
N2 -3.120 38.540 109.2 0.991 100 67
A
B
Sample
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Cq
Va
lue
s
25
30
35
40
45
50
IP2
IP4
E
N1
N2
Levels of SARS-CoV-2 genomes (Cq Values) in 6 sewage samplesemploying the fivetargets (IP2, IP4, E, N1 and N2)
CoV Genome Organization and Expression
CoV Genome Organization and Expression
IP4 E
La vigilancia del SARS-CoV-2 en aguas residuales es una herramienta de alerta rápida para la COVID-19
Análisis SARS-CoV-2 en aguas residuales
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