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nomen mihi est _________
Latin 3 HonorsSpring Semester Exam Review
May 2011 Stages 28-34
1. Name the parts of speech and define each.
Noun – names of things
Pronoun – takes the place of a noun
Adjective – defines a noun or pronoun
Adverb – describes the action of a verb
Verb – shows action or state of being
Preposition – expresses relationship between 2 nouns
Conjunction – joins two sentences or phrases
Interjection – an exclamation
2. Name the 5 noun cases and the uses of each
• Nominative - subject, PN, PA
• Genitive - shows possession
• Dative - indirect object
• Accusative - direct object
• Ablative - special uses
3. How do you find the stem of a Latin noun?
Drop the
GENITIVE SINGULAR ending
4. How do you tell the declension to which a noun belongs?
• Look at the
• GENITIVE SINGULAR
•1st = -ae 4th = -us
•2nd = -i 5th = -ei
•3rd = -is
5. What are the 1st declension noun endings?
puella puellaepuellae puellarumpuellae puellispuellam puellaspuellā puellis
6. What are the 2nd declension noun endings?
amicus(puer,vir) amici
amici amicorum
amico amicis
amicum amicos
amico amicis
7. What are the 3rd declension noun endings?
mater matres
matris matrum
matri matribus
matrem matres
matre matribus
8. How can you recognize a masculine, feminine, neuter noun in the 5 declensions?
masculine
1st declension: P*A*I*N words2nd declension: -us, -er, -ir in nominative singular
4th declension: -us in nominative, except domus, manus, etc.
5th declension: almost all are feminine except dies
feminine
1st declension: almost all except P*A*I*N words
4th declension: domus, manusneuter
2nd declension: -um in nominative singular3rd declension: -e, -al (mare, animal)4th declension: -u in nominative
(3rd declension is more difficult to tell)
9. State the “overriding” rule of neuter nouns.
Neuter nouns always have the same spelling in the nominative and accusative cases.
Neuter nouns always end in “-a” in the nominative and accusative plurals.
10. Decline a 4th Declension NounMasculine
portus portūs
portūs portuum
portuī portibus
portum portūs
portū portibus
10. Decline a 4th Declension NounNeuter
cornu cornua
cornūs cornuum
cornū cornibus
cornū cornua
cornū cornibus
11. What are some fine points to remember
about the 4th Declension Nouns?
Most –us 4th declension nouns are masculine, except for feminine nouns domus and manus.
Most masculine nouns in 4th declension are made from the fourth principal parts of verbs.
4th declension nouns ending in -u in the nominative are neuter.
12. Decline a 5th Declension Noun
diēs diēs
diēi diērum
diēi diēbus
diem diēs
diē diēbus
13. What are some fine points to remember about 5th declension nouns?
All 5th declension nouns are feminine except for dies and its compounds
There are no neuter nouns in the 5th declension.
There are no adjectives in the 5th declension.
14. Pay special attention to:
dative indirect object Quintus rosam Metellae dedit.
dative of advantage Metella Felici togam invenit.
dative object of special verbsCaecilius Holconio favit.
15. In what ways do Latin nouns and the adjectives which modify them agree?
• Adjectives and the nouns they modify always agree in gender, number, and case.
• The endings may not have the same spelling, but they are from the same gender, number and case locations on the endings charts.
16. What are the singular 1st and 2nd declension adjective endings?
singular
masculine feminine neuter
malus mala malum
mali malae mali
malo malae malo
malum malam malum
malo mala malo
17. What are the Plural 1st and 2nd declension adjective endings?
plural
masculine feminine neuter
mali malae mala
malorum malarum malorum
malis malis malis
malos malas mala
malis malis malis
18. Decline a 3rd Declension Adjective singular
celer celeris celereceleris celeris celerisceleri celeri celericelerem celerem celereceleri celeri celeri
18. Decline a 3rd Declension Adjective plural
celeres celeres celeriacelerium celerium celeriumceleribus celeribus celeribusceleres celeres celeriaceleribus celeribus celeribus
19. What are the 3 degrees of adjectives [and adverbs]?
•positive happy
•comparative happier
•superlative happiest
20. Give an example and translation of a regular adjective in the 3 degrees.
clarus,-a,-um clear
clarior, clarius clearer
clarissimus,-a,-um (1st & 2nd Declension) clearest
21. Give an example and translation of a regular adjective in the 3 degrees.
celer, celeris, celere swift
celerior, celerius swifter
celerrimus,-a,-um (3rd Declension) swiftest
22. How is a 1st & 2nd declension adjective made into an adverb?
•find the stem and add “e”
•clarus: clare
•pulcher: pulchre
23. Give examples of irregular adjectives in the comparative and superlative degrees.
bonus melior optimusgood better best
malus peior pessimusbad worse worst
magnus maior maximusgreat, large greater, larger greatest, largest
parvus peius minimussmall smaller smallest
24. How is a 3rd declension adjective made into an adverb?
•find the stem and add “ter” or “iter”
•celer: celeriter
•acer: acriter
25. Give an example and translation of a regular adverb in the 3 degrees.
clare clearly
clarius more clearly
clarissime most clearly
26. Irregular adverb in the 3 degrees.(positive degree ends in “r”)
celeriter swiftly
celerius more swiftly
celerrime most swiftly
27. Irregular adverb in the 3 degrees.(stem changes)
magne greatly
maius more greatly
maxime very greatly
28. Write the principal parts of porto, name the principal parts, find and name the stems, and show which tenses can
be formed onto each stem. present present perfect perf. pass
indicative infinitive indicative participle
porto portare portavi portatus present perfect
imperfect
29. How do you recognize the conjugation to which a verb belongs?
Conjugation 1st Prin. Pt 2nd Prin. Pt
1st …………… -o ……. -are
2nd …………… -eo ……. -ēre
3rd ………….. -o ……. -ere
3rd ………….... -io .……. -ere
4th……………. -io ……. -ire
30. Write the principal parts of the following verbs: porto, video, duco, capio, audio
porto portare portavi portatum
video videre vidi visum
ducoducere duxi ductum
capio capere cepi captum
audio audire audivi auditum
(see next 4 slides for close-ups)
present indicative (column 1)
porto
video
duco
capio
audio
present infinitive (column 2)
portare
videre
ducere
capere
audire
perfect indicative (column 3)
portavi
vidi
duxi
cepi
audivi
perfect passive participle(column 4)
portatus,-a,-um
visus,-a,-um
ductus,-a,-um
captus,-a,-um
auditus,-a,-um
(Review of last 4 slides) 31. Write the principal parts of the following
verbs:porto, video, duco, capio, audio
porto portare portavi portatum
video videre vidi visum
ducoducere duxi ductum
capio capere cepi captum
audio audire audivi auditum
32. How do you recognize the present tense?
•verb looks more like the 1st principal part
•present stem + regular personal endings
33. Write the regular active personal endings
o,m- I mus - WE
s - YOU tis - Y’ALL
t - HE, she, it nt - THEY
34. What do you have to remember about the agreement between verbs and their
subjects?
A verb and its subject agree in person and number
35. How do you translate the present tense (porto)?
I carry
I am carrying
I do carry
36. Conjugate the following verbs in the present tense: porto, video, duco, capio, audio
singular plural1st person2nd person3rd person (see next 5 slides for conjugations)
porto I carry 1st Conjugation
porto portamus
portas portatis
portat portant
video I see 2nd Conjugation
video videmus
vides videtis
videt vident
duco I lead 3rd Conjugation
duco ducimus
ducis ducitis
ducit ducunt
capio I take 3rd io Conjugation
capio capimus
capis capitis
capit capiunt
audio I hear 4th Conjugation
audio audimus
audis auditis
audit audiunt
37. Give the principal parts of the irregular verbs: sum, possum, volo, eo, and fero.
sum, esse, fui -possum, posse, potui -volo, velle, volui -eo, ire, ii(ivi), itumfero, ferre, tuli, latum
38. Conjugate the irregular verbs in the present tense. sum possum volo
eo fero
See the following 5 slides
sum I am
sum sumuses estisest sunt
possum I am able
possum possumus
potes potestis
potest possunt
volo I wish
volo volumusvis vultisvult volunt
eo I go
eo imus
is itis
it eunt
fero I bear, bring
fero ferimus
fers fertis
fert ferunt
39. How do you recognize the imperfect tense?
“ba” just before the ending
(=present stem + “ba” + personal endings)
40. How do you translate the imperfect tense (portabam)?
I was carrying
I used to carry
I kept on carrying
41. Give examples of imperfect tense verbs.
• ambulabam – I was walking
• portabamus – we were carrying
• videbat - he was seeing
• ducebant – they were leading
• capiebas – you ware taking
• audiebatis – you all were hearing
42. Conjugate sum in the imperfect tense.
eram - I was eramus - we were
eras - you were eratis - y’all were
erat - he was erant - they were
43. How do you recognize the perfect tense?
•perfect stem
•any one of the perfect endings
44. Write the perfect personal endings.
i -I imus - we
isti -you istis-y’all
it-he,she,it ērunt -they
45. How do you translate the perfect tense (portavi)?
I carried
I have carried
I did carry
46. Give the perfect tense forms of several regular and irregular verbs. Use the third person singular.
porto --- portavit
video ---vidit
duco --- duxit
capio ---cepit
audio --- audivit
sum --- fuit
possum --- potuit
volo --- voluit
eo --- iit (ivit)
fero --- tulit
47. Define:
Active Voice – subject does the action of the verb
Passive voice – subject receives the action
of the verb
48. Give the Passive Personal Endings.
-r -mur-ris -mini-tur -ntur
Which tenses use these endings?Present, Imperfect, Future only
49. What is the major difference between active and passive Latin verb forms in the
present, imperfect, and future tenses?
*The use of either the active personal endings or the passive personal endings makes these verbs either active or passive.
*There are a few stem vowel changes, such as in the Future tense of 1st and 2nd conjugations,
2nd person singular:
Vocaberis, moneberis
50. Conjugate porto in the present passive (indicative) tense.
portor portamur
portaris portamini
portatur portantur
51. Conjugate porto in the imperfect passive (indicative) tense.
portabar portabamur
portabaris portabamini
portabatur portabantur
52. Conjugate porto in the future passive (indicative) tense.
portabor portabimur
portaberis portabimini
portabitur portabuntur
53. How is the passive voice formed in the perfect, pluperfect and future perfect tenses?
Perfect Passive Participle + a form of sum:
Perfect Tense
= PPP + sum in the present tense
Pluperfect Tense
= PPP + sum in the imperfect tense
Future Perfect Tense
= PPP + sum in the future tense
54. Conjugate porto in the Perfect Passive (indicative), with English
portatus sum portati sumus I have been carried we have been carried
portatus es portati estis you have been carried you all have been carried
portatus est portati sunt he has been carried they have been carried
55. Conjugate porto in the Pluperfect Passive (Indicative ) with English
portatus eram portati eramus I had been carried we had been carried
portatus eras portati eratis you had been carried you all had been carried
portatus erat portati erant he had been carried they had been carried
56. Conjugate porto in the Future Perfect Passive (Indicative) with English.
portatus ero portati erimus I shall have been carried we shall have been carried
portatus eris portati eritis you will have been carried ya’ll will have been carried
portatus erit portati erunt he will have been carried they will have been carried
57. What are deponent verbs?Give some examples and translations.
Deponent verbs are passive in form, but active in meaning.
A deponent verb can be recognized in the vocabulary by its –or ending
in the 1st principal part.
58. What is an infinitive?
It is a verbal that is translated using
“to” plus the verb meaning
59. What is a participle?
*A participle is an adjective made from a verb, retaining attributes of both.
*As a verb, it has tense & voice; it may take an object, and it may be
modified by adverbs.
*As an adjective, it has gender, number and case, even degree, and it modifies a noun or
substantive.
60. How do you recognize the Present Active Participle?What are the possible translations?
Present stem of the verb with “-ns” or “-nt” + 3rd declension endings
portans – nominative
portantem – accusative, as with other cases
carrying, while carrying
61. Decline the present active participle of the verb porto.
(neuter)
portans portantes (portantia)
portantis portantium
portanti portantibus
portantem portantes (portantia)
portante portantibus
62. How do you recognize the Perfect Passive Participle? How do you translate it?
The perfect passive participle is the 4th principal part of a verb. There are no special signals for this one. 1st & 2nd declension endings are used.
(Deponent verbs do not have a perfect passive participle – they have a perfect Active participle,
which is their third and last principal part.)
portatus – having been carried
63. How do you recognize the Future Active Participle?
How do you translate it?
The future active participle is the perfect passive participle “stretched”: participial stem + “=ur” plus 1st and
2nd declension endings.
portaturus – about to carry
64. How do you recognize the Future Passive Participle?How do you translate it?By what other name is it called?
The future passive participle has the present stem of the verb plus “-nd” and
1st and 2nd declension endings.
Portandus – to be carried
It is also called the gerundive.
By what other name is it called?
65. What is the Gerundive?
The gerundive is the future passive participle.
66. What is the Passive Periphrastic? Give an example and translate it.Include the Dative of Agent.
Passive periphrastic is the gerundive (future passive participle) + a form of sum.It denotes necessity or obligation
portandum est – It has to be carriedDative of Agent – who does the action mihi portandum est – It has to be carried by me.
(I have to carry it.)
67. What is the ablative absolute?Give examples and translations.
An ablative absolute is a Latin phrase that is loosely connected to its sentence, giving “background” information. It may be set off by commas, and does not modify any other word in the sentence. The two primary words of the construction are in the ablative case.
Noun and participle:
arcu dedicato, with the arch having been dedicatedTwo nouns:
Cogidubno rege, with Cogidubnus the kingNoun and adjective:
populi irati, with the people angry
68. How is the Present Passive Infinitive formed?
Give an example from each conjugation.
Present infinitive with final “-e” changed to ‘=i”
portare (to carry) becomes portari (to be carried)
For third conjugation, the “=ere” is changed to “-i”
mittere ( to send) becomes mitti (to be sent)
See following slide for examples in each conjugation
68. Examples in each conjugation
1st conjugation – portare becomes portari
2nd conjugation – videre becomes videri
3rd conjugation – ducere becomes duci
3rd io conjugation – capere becomes capi
4th conjugation – audire becomes audiri
69. Notice the subjunctive verb forms.
Present portet ** videat, ducat, audiat
Imperfect portaret (present infinitive +endings)
Pluperfect portavisset (perfect stem + isse + endings)
Future Perfect portaverit **
** not covered before stage 35 in the Cambridge series
70. Look over the subjunctive clauses:
PurposeResultIndirect QuestionIndirect CommandCum Circumstantial
See next slide for examples
70. Subjunctive ClausesPurpose amici ad urbem ambulant ut spectaculum viderent. Salvius Memorem misit qui regem interficeret.Result tam peritus erat tibicen ut omnes eum laudarent.Indirect Question Romani nesciebant quot hostes manerent.Indirect Command senex deam Sulem oravit ut morbum sanaret.Cum Circumstantial (cum meaning “when”) fur, cum amuletum e fonte extraxisset, attonitus erat.
71. What is a preposition?
A preposition indicates the relative position between its object and another noun in the sentence.
72. What two cases do the Latin prepositions govern?
•accusative•ablative
73. List several prepositions and give their meanings and the case each governs.
•+ the Accusative:
•ad - toward
•trans - across
•post - behind
•ante - in front of
74. List the Accusative Constructions and give an example of each.
Duration of time:
tres horas ambulaverunt.
Place to which:domum redierunt.
75. List several prepositions and give their meanings and the case each governs.
•+ the Ablative:
•ab - away from
•e,ex - out of•cum - with
76. List the Ablative Constructions and give an example of each.Means (What is used to carry out the action of the verb.) Salvius pugione vulneratus est.Manner (How the action of the verb was carried out.)
Cephalus venenum magnā cum curā paravit.
Accompaniment (Who was with whom.)Cogidubnus cum Salvio dicebat.
Time (When something happened)Quintus in Londinio quarto die pervenit.
Agent (Who carried out the action of a passive verb.)cena a Grumione cocta est.
77. Distinguish between in + the ablative case and in + the accusative case
• + the Ablative & Accusative:
at rest motion
•in -in into•sub - under up under
78. Decline the personal pronoun in 1st, 2nd, 3rd person. Give the English
meaning of each Latin word.
•see next slides
79. Decline the personal pronoun in 1st, 2nd, 3rd person.
Give the English meaning of each Latin word.
singular plural
nom. ego - I nos - wegen. mei - of me nostrum, nostri - of us
dat. mihi - to/for me nobis - to/for us
acc. me - me nos - usabl. me - by/with me nobis - by/with
us
80. the personal pronoun in 2ndperson..
singular plural
nom. tu - you vos - yougen. tui - of you vestrum, vestri - of you
dat. tibi - to/for you vobis - to/for you
acc. te - you vos - youabl. te - by/with you vobis - by/with
you
81. 3rd person personal pronoun
singular
is ea id
eius eius eius
ei ei ei
eum eam id eo ea eo
81. 3rd person personal pronoun
plural
ei eae ea
eorum earum eorum
eis eis eis
eos eas eaeis eis eis
82. Decline hic, and give the English
hic haec hoc hi hae haec
huius huius huius horum harum horum
huic huic huic his his his
hunc hanc hoc hos has haec
hoc hāc hoc his his his
This
83. Decline ille, and give the English
ille illa illud illi illae illa
illius illius illius illorum illarum illorum
illi illi illi illis illis illis
illum illam illud illos illas illa
illo illā illo illis illis illis
That
84. Know the “indeclinables”: -que, et, sed, autem, tamen, postquam, -ne,
num, nonne…etc
• -que - and• et - and• sed- but• tamen - nevertheless• autem – however
84. Know the “indeclinables”: -que, et, sed, autem, tamen, postquam, -ne,
num, nonne…etc
• igitur – therefore• postquam - afterwards, after• -ne =a ?-mark• num - expects a “no” answer• nonne - expects a “yes” answer
85. Know the “?-words”. quis, quid, ubi, quo, unde, quando, quot, cui, quocum, cur, etc...
• quis - who quot - how many
• quid - what cui - to whom
• ubi - where, when cur - why
• quo - to where quando - when
• unde- from where
• quocum - with whom
86. Be able to recognize and translate the vocative case noun.
•Marcus: Marce
•filius: fili
•Caecilius: Caecili
•meus: mi
87. Be able to recognize and translate the imperative mood verb.
• voco, vocare, vocavi, vocatum
•voca! call!
•vocate! you all call!
(87. Negative Commands)
nolo in the imperative mood + infinitive of the action
= do not wish (to___ )
Singular: noli dicere Plural: nolite dicere
88. Remember the special forms:
placet + dative caseplacetne tibi?
- quepueri puellaeque
89. Please gather up your old vocabulary pages and worksheet pages. Study the meanings of the Latin words and the English words
derived from them.
90. Make a list of the characters you have met since stages 28 through 34
and write few notes about each.
91. Look over the culture information in the worksheet packets.
92. Study the culture topics: Archeological and Literary EvidenceInscriptionsOrigins of RomeRoman ForumMasadaRoman EngineeringCity of RomeRoman SocietyRoman BeliefsRoman EntertainmentFreedmen and Freedwomen
93. Practice translating the stories in stage 34. You will have to translate on the final exam.
Fortunam bonam habeas!---Magistra
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