View
83
Download
0
Category
Tags:
Preview:
DESCRIPTION
Métis and FN in the Northwest, Riel Returns, Métis Bill of Rights . Northwest rebellion. Métis in the Northwest territories. 1884 losing patience with Canadian Government Unclear status under the Indian Act Not part of the treaty process Increasing immigration of settlers - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Citation preview
NORTHWEST REBELLION
Métis and FN in the Northwest, Riel Returns, Métis Bill of Rights
Métis in the Northwest territories 1884 losing patience
with Canadian Government
- Unclear status under the Indian Act
- Not part of the treaty process
- Increasing immigration of settlers
- Feared loss of rights
First Nations Starving- FN signed treaties
gave up their land and moved to reserves.
- government broke promises about providing food after the buffalo were all but killed off.
- Government refused to feed “difficult people”
“They made us many promises, more than I can remember, but
they kept only one; they promised to take our land, and
they did.” Chief Red Cloud
First Nations in need of help First Nations came to
the Métis and settlers for help and aid
The Métis and settlers angry
- felt they had to pay for the government’s broken promises.
Métis Petitions
Sent to the government to try to make sure Métis rights are recognized
Canadian Government Agenda Surveys told the
government that 6. 4 million hectares of land
= 71 million dollars in government revenue
NO Métis petition was going to stand in the way
Métis take action!
Here we go, the start of the Northwest rebellion
Where is riel? After Red River- Sent into exile 5
years, lasted 15- Turned to religion- Convinced he is a
profit- Time in a asylum- Settled in Montana- Married, 2 kids,
teacher (like me!)
Return of the king!
1884 Métis needed a strong and iconic leader
Gabriel Dumont asked Riel to return as the Métis Leader
Métis Bill of rights Addressed Métis grievances Written by Riel and William Henry
Jackson (local farmer representative) Included concerns of Métis and non-
Métis people (FN, European farmers) living in the Northwest Territories
Sent to Ottawa Dec 1884 and acknowledged by gov., but rights ignored!
Did the government want a rebellion?Rebellion would prove:-the Métis were violent and unruly
Crushing the Rebellion would:-Prove the value of and need for the CPR-Free up Métis land for settlement -Ensure Métis did not gain land rights
-Did HBC Factor Clarke promote a rebellion?
Government prepares for rebellionThe government passed a law making it illegal to sell bullets to the Métis living in the Northwest Territories.
AGAIN Riel sends another Petition-Riel knew the government was in possession of the Métis Bill of Rights-This petition demanded responsible government for the Northwest Territories
Government prepares for the rebellion
HBC Chief Factor and Magistrate Lawrence Clarke became the government’s informant
Wants the Métis gone- Made a ton of cash in
land speculation- Feared lose everything if
Métis granted land rights
Riel and Clarke- the final straw! Riel picked Clarke as
their representative- Political connections- Riel assumed
sympathetic Clarke went to Ottawa- The only answer the
Métis will receive for their petition was bullets
- 500 NWMP sent to arrest Riel
Justice Commands us! March 19 Riel at
Batoche- Peaceful solution
impossible- Canadian
government determined to make war
- “justice commands us to take up arms”
Battle of Duck Lake May 26 1885
Métis moved on Fort Carlton to seize supplies
- NWMP Superintendent Lief Crozier confronted Métis army at Duck Lake
- Negotiations failed- 2 Métis shot!
- Both sides open fire
Métis Victory at Duck Lake the Métis were better
marksmen, and, they knew the land better…they were victorious at Duck Lake.
12 NWMP dead, 25 wounded
Fort Carlton evacuated
Empire STRIKES BACK!
Canadian government mobilized 5000 troops
Troops arrive in just 5 days! Entire force in 10 days!- Thanks CPR
General Middleton in charge
Battle of fish creek Dumont knew to
ambush Canadian troops before they reached Batoche
- Ambushed at Fish Creek
- 300 Métis stopped 1600 militia soldiers
Canadian Army has Gatling Gun
Riel’s mental state? Said God himself was
talking to him and telling him he was “the chosen leader of the Métis people”.
During battles, he would find a hill and climb to the top, hold a crucifix over his head to bless the Métis soldiers.
Battle of Batoche May 9 Métis stronghold-
Batoche attacked by Canadian troops
- Had canons and Gatling Gun
- Métis short on bullets and used rocks
Battle of Batoche Métis defeated- surrender or flee- Dumont fled to the US- Riel surrendered May 15- thought trial
could bring his cause to attention Death toll- 53 Canadian soldiers and volunteers- 35 Métis and First Nations
Chief Poundmaker Refused to join the
NW Rebellion- Believed resistance
was futile- His people attacked
by Canadian troops at Cut Knife Hill
- Arrested for treason, sentenced to 3 years
Chief Big Bear Refused to join the
NW Rebellion- 1885 his people
refused supplies at Frog Lake
- Wandering Spirit took 9 hostages- killed
- Big Bear convicted of treason- 3 years
- Wandering Spirit executed
Chief Crowfoot Refused to join NW
Rebellion Railway dispute- Railway building on
his reserve- Peaceful negotiations- Got compensated
with extra land- Willaim Van Horne
awarded him CPR lifetime pass
Trial of Riel July 28 1885 Taken to Regina and
charged with treason Lawyers wanted
Insane defense Riel wanted to argue
Métis forced to fight Not allowed to testify
or question witnesses
6 man jury
Found Guilty of treason August 1 Found guilty after 1
hour- jury recommended mercy
Law required death penalty
Quebec petitions demanded mercy
Hanged November 16 1885
Métis and First Nations
Métis First Nations
No land titles, forced to squat on public land reserved for roads
Half-breed became an insult
Moved into cities to hide ancestry
81 charged with murder or treason- 44 convicted
No translation in court 8 hanged for murder in
Battleford November 17 At the mercy of the
government
Hero or villain?
Recommended