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NREM 407/507 WATERSHED MANAGEMENT
Dick SchultzInstructor
Sara BergesTeaching Assistant
Please pick up Syllabus, Reading Material & Today’s Lab on the Table in the Front
January 13, 2009
1. Conduct “Get To Know Each Other Exercises”
2. Organize into Base Groups.
3. Review class syllabus.
4. Identify where water is located globally.
5. Determine how much water we use.
6. Discuss world water problems.
7. Begin discussion of hydrologic cycle
8. Please read pages 1-40 in Introduction-Weather-Climate –Reading Material Handout and Chapters 1, 2, 3 in Rivers Run Dry
Activity 1 – What did you do over Break?
Take sheet with list of numerous activities & go around the room to find individuals who did them over break
Have individuals sign the activity
One person can sign your sheet only once
Astana, Kazakhstan – Shamsha Mashtaeva
Eurasian National University
40 N
20 N Three Gorges Dam
Why Kazakhstan? Study Abroad TripsSummer 2009 – China/Yangtze
2009 Study Abroad – Uganda –School Gardens – Food Security
Activity 1 – What did you do over Break?
Take sheet with list of numerous activities & go around the room to find individuals who did them over break
Have individuals sign the activity
One person can sign your sheet only once
Organize into Groups - Seating Plan
Front of Room 233
Group 6
Group 8Group 4
Group 5Group 1
Group 2
Group 3
Door
Door
Group 7
Group 9
Group 10
Group 11
Group 12
Activity 2 – Team Tower Building
You have 6 large marsh mellows, a cup of small ones and 20 toothpicks to build a tower.
This is a nonverbal activity (no talking among team members or between teams will be allowed)
Team members can move around the room to look at other team’s creations but the whole exercise will only last 12 minutes.
The team that builds the best tower will win the exercise. The whole class will vote on the “best” tower based on the following criteria: height, strength, beauty and creativity
2008 FIRST PLACE WINNERS
WOW!
Activity 2 – Team Tower Building
Activity 3 – Three Facts and a Lie – Team Building
• We would like each of you to share 4 things about yourselfwith you team members (things that they probably do notknow)
• 3 should be truthful and 1 should be a lie
• Please write these on a piece of paper
• Then have a group go-around with each person sharing theirfour items and the others guessing which item is a lie
• Keep track of who correctly identifies the lies
Water Movement - The Hydrologic Cycle
How Much Precipitation Ends Up As Evaporation/Transpiration & Streamflow?
Streamflow = Precipitation –Evaporation/Transpiration + Soil Water Storage
34 – 23 + 0 = 11 inches
How much Precipitation in Iowa?~ 34 in
How much Evaporation/Transpriation?
2/3 P = 23 inches How much Streamflow?
Precipitation In Iowa – 34 inches per year (38 inches in SE to 26 inches in NW) - Ave snowfall = 32 inches per year (40 in NE to 20 in in SE)
8 pm Last Night
Cold Arctic
Air Mass
WarmAir
Mass
Watershed – the land area that contributes water to a given point in a stream or river.
Watersheds vary in size depending on the size of stream.
Stream orders
The Small Order Streams Are In Closest Contact With The Land – Most Influenced By Land Uses
1 1
22
3
How does water move through the landscape?
Most watersheds are part of larger watersheds
College Creek
Squaw Creek
Skunk River
Mississippi River
Where is all the wateron the planet?
Global Cycle
97% in Oceans3% Fresh Water
Of the Fresh Water (100%)
Atmosphere GlaciersRiversSoil MoistureGroundwaterLakesBiosphere (plants &animals)
Team Activity
Organize the list of freshwater sources from largestto smallest & make an estimate of the % of fresh water in each.
Largest
Smallest
Page 18 & 19 Introduction
Where is all the fresh water on the planet?
Global Cycle
97% in Oceans3% Fresh Water
30% Groundwater
0.3% Lakes 0.003% Biosphere (plants &animals)
0.06% Soil Moisture
0.04% Atmosphere
0.006% Rivers
69% Glaciers
Of the Fresh Water (100%)
NREM 407/507 WATERSHED MANAGEMENT
Dick SchultzInstructor
Sara BergesTeaching Assistant
1-13-2009 - Laboratory
Review SyllabusBrief review of class discussionHydrologic Cycle – Terms, pathways & sinks
Water Movement - The Hydrologic Cycle
How Much Precipitation Ends Up As Evaporation/Transpiration & Streamflow?
Streamflow = Precipitation –Evaporation/Transpiration + Soil Water Storage
34 – 23 + 0 = 11 inches
How much Precipitation in Iowa?~ 34 in
How much Evaporation/Transpriation?
2/3 P = 23 inches How much Streamflow?
Precipitation In Iowa – 34 inches per year (38 inches in SE to 26 inches in NW) - Ave snowfall = 32 inches per year (40 in NE to 20 in in SE)
8 pm Last Night
Cold Arctic
Air Mass
WarmAir
Mass
Watershed – the land area that contributes water to a given point in a stream or river.
Watersheds vary in size depending on the size of stream.
Stream orders
The Small Order Streams Are In Closest Contact With The Land – Most Influenced By Land Uses
1 1
22
3
How does water move through the landscape?
Most watersheds are part of larger watersheds
College Creek
Squaw Creek
Skunk River
Mississippi River
Where is all the fresh water on the planet?
Global Cycle
97% in Oceans3% Fresh Water
30% Groundwater
0.3% Lakes 0.003% Biosphere (plants &animals)
0.06% Soil Moisture
0.04% Atmosphere
0.006% Rivers
69% Glaciers
Of the Fresh Water (100%)
Page 17 Introduction Handout
North Platte River Wyoming
Today’s Laboratory ExerciseHow Does Water Move Through a Watershed?
• What pathways does it follow?
• What are the major storage sinks for water?
• Be able to use hydrologic & watershedterms to describe pathways & sinks for water
• Give reasonable definitions for 50% ofterms by the end of today & all terms bythe end of two weeks.
• Work comfortably & supportively with yourteam
What paths can a raindroptake before reaching a stream?
Pathways Above the SoilThrough Watersheds
• Precipitation• Canopy Interception• Throughfall• Stemflow• Litter Interception• Water Entering Soil• Channel Interception
Plant material protects the soil! (Living or Dead)
Forest transpires – 200,000 – 1 milliongallons/acre/year
Water lost from forests in US = 3 Xthe amount of water used by people
This water critical to producing rainfall to redistribute water around the globe
Corn transpires 4,000 gal/acre/day
140 day growing season ~ 500,000gal/ac/year
Forests of US receive ½ of precip & produce 2/3 of streamflow (90% in west)
Water erosion & transport can occur
If soil is exposed – no perennial plants (forest/prairie) or litter layer
Streams carry excess sediment – reduced water quality & disturbed aquatic habitat
Infiltration vs Runoff
Infiltration rates – crop fields: 0.5 – 1.5 inches/hr
Natural prairies & forests: 3 – 5 inches/hr
Movement of Water to Streams
Healthy Watershed Hydrologic Cycle
Sinks/SourcesPathways
Atmospheric Sink (Storage)
Input (Rain, Snow, Condensation)
Liquid Watershed Output
Surface/Depression Storage
Soil Water Storage
Detention/Retention
Groundwater Storage
Stream C
hannel Storage B
ank Storage
Plant Canopy Storage
Plant Storage
Surface Interception
Water Table
Sheet, rillGully flow
Return flow Infiltration
Subsurface Flow
Subsurface Storm flow
PercolationCapillary Fringe
Seepage
ET
GainingStream
WT
LosingStream
SuspendedLoad
BedLoad
Page 36 Reading
Group 7•water table•capillary fringe•shallow groundwater storage (identify sink)•unconfined aquifer•confined aquifer
Group 8•ephemeral channel •intermittent channel •perennial channel
Group 9•bank storage (identify sink)•influent (losing) stream (be able to draw)•effluent (gaining) stream (be able to draw)
Group 10•dissolved load •suspended load •bed load •stormflow •baseflow
Group 11•vadose zone•interflow•hyphoreic zone•NPSP•TSS•Invertebrates
Group 12•watershed•sub-watershed•ecosystem•riparian area
Group I•precipitation•interception•interception storage (identify sink)•depression storage•surface storage (identify sink)•channel interception•channel storage(identify sink)
Group 2•stemflow•throughfall•infiltration•Percolation
Group 3•surface runoff /overland flow•sheet flow•rill flow•gully flow•suspended sediment•Sedimentation
Group 4•plant uptake•plant storage (identify sink)•transpiration•evaporation•Evapotranspiration
Page 6 of LabTeam VocabularyResponsibilities
Be prepared to describe & discuss assigned terms
Terms described starting page 3 of Reading Guide
Group 5•subsurface flow/interflow•soil macro/micropores•detention storage (identify sink)•retention storage (identify sink)
Group 6•soil water storage (identify sink)•antecedent soil moisture •return flow /exfiltration•saturated overland flow•subsurface stormflow
Healthy Watershed Hydrologic Cycle
Sinks/SourcesPathways
Liquid Watershed Output
LabAction 1Fill in the blanks& learn what is going on
Sinks/SourcesPathways
Atmospheric Sink (Storage)
Input (Rain, Snow, Condensation)
Liquid Watershed Output
Surface/Depression Storage
Soil Water Storage
Detention/Retention
Groundwater Storage
Stream C
hannel Storage B
ank Storage
Plant Canopy Storage
Plant Storage
Surface Interception
Water Table
Sheet, rillGully flow
Return flow Infiltration
Subsurface Flow
Subsurface Storm flow
PercolationCapillary Fringe
Seepage
ET
WT
LosingStream
SuspendedLoad
BedLoad
Page 36 Introduction Handout
Compare Water Movement Between Disturbed & Undisturbed Watersheds
Water Movement In Disturbed & Undisturbed Watersheds
PrecipitationPrecipitation
Interception
Interception
Stemflow
StemflowThroughfall Throughfall
Infiltration
Infiltration
Surface Runoff Surface Runoff
PercolationPercolation
Plant Uptake Plant UptakeSubsurface flowWater Table Water Table
Groundwater GroundwaterUnconfined
AquiferConfined Aquifer
EvapotranspirationEvapotranspiration
Native Forest or Prairie Crop Field
Water Movement In Disturbed & Undisturbed Watersheds
PrecipitationPrecipitation
Interception
Interception
Stemflow
StemflowThroughfall Throughfall
Infiltration
Infiltration
Surface Runoff Surface Runoff
PercolationPercolation
Plant Uptake Plant UptakeSubsurface flowWater Table Water Table
Groundwater GroundwaterUnconfined
AquiferConfined Aquifer
EvapotranspirationEvapotranspiration
Native Forest or Prairie Crop Field
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