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10th Anniversary OSL, June 14th, Karlsruhe 1
Nuclear Researchat the
JRC-Institute for Transuranium Elements, Karlsruhe
Prof. Dr. Thomas FANGHÄNELDirector
10th Anniversary OSL, June 14th, Karlsruhe 2
The JRC in the European Commission
7 Research Institutes in 5 EU countries
CommissionerMáire Geoghegan-Quinn
Research, Innovation and Science
JOINT RESEARCH CENTRERobust Science for Policy MakingRobust Science for Policy Making
As a Directorate-General of the European Commission, The JRC provides customer-driven scientific and technical support to Community policy making
As a service of the European Commission, the JRC functions as a reference centre of science and technology for the Union.
10th Anniversary OSL, June 14th, Karlsruhe 3
JRC Nuclear Programme
Nuclear waste management and Environmental Impact: • Spent fuel characterisation• Partitioning, transmutation, conditioning • Radioactivity in the environment
Nuclear waste management and Environmental Impact:• Spent fuel characterisation• Partitioning, transmutation, conditioning • Radioactivity in the environment Key cross-cutting
activities: • Actinide sciences• Education & training• Networking • Medical Applications
Key cross-cutting activities:
• Actinide sciences• Education & training• Networking • Medical Applications
Nuclear security:• Nuclear safeguards, non-proliferation• Combating illicit trafficking • Open source information
Nuclear security:• Nuclear safeguards, non-proliferation• Combating illicit trafficking • Open source information
Nuclear safety:• Safety of nuclear installations• Nuclear fuel safety• Advanced nuclear energy systems
Nuclear safety:• Safety of nuclear installations• Nuclear fuel safety• Advanced nuclear energy systems
Specific programme “JRC direct actions” EURATOM programme “JRC direct actions”2007-2013 1,751 M€ 2007-2011 517 M€
FP7 indirect actions
10th Anniversary OSL, June 14th, Karlsruhe 4
Underpinning Science: atomistic and molecular process understanding of fundamental phenomena
Exploratory/Discovery Research
Reference Centre for policy makers, stakeholders and citizens
in the nuclear field
Safetyof the
nuclear fuel cycle
„EURATOM School“
Basic Actinide Sciences
Nuclear safeguards and security
Safetyof nuclear reactors
10th Anniversary OSL, June 14th, Karlsruhe 5
Nuclear and Actinides Science
Transuranium Elements
1
H
3
Li
11
Na
19
K
37
Rb
55
Cs
32
Fr
119
4
Be
12
Mg
20
Ca
38
Sr
56
Ba
88
Ra
120
21
Sc
39
Y
57
La
89
Ac
121
22
Ti
40
Zr
72
Hf
104
Rf
154
23
V
41
Nb
73
Ta
105
Db
155
24
Cr
42
Mo
74
W
106
Sg
156
25
Mn
43
Tc
75
Re
107
Bh
157
26
Fe
44
Ru
76
Os
108
Hs
158
27
Co
45
Rh
77
Ir
109
Mt
159
28
Ni
46
Pd
78
Pt
110
Ds
160
29
Cu
47
Ag
79
Au
111
Rg
161
30
Zn
48
Cd
80
Hg
162
5
B
13
Al
31
Ga
49
In
81
Tl
113
163
6
C
14
Si
32
Ge
50
Sn
82
Pb
114
164
7
N
15
P
33
As
51
Sb
83
Bi
115
165
8
O
16
S
34
Se
52
Tl
84
Po
116
166
9
F
17
Cl
35
Br
53
I
85
At
117
167
2
He
10
Ne
18
Ar
36
Kr
54
Xe
86
Rn
118
168
58
Ce 59
Pr 60
Nd 61
Pm 62
Sm 63
Eu 64
Gd 65
Tb 66
Dy 67
Ho 68
Er 69
Tm 70
Yb 71
Lu
90
Th 91
Pa 92
U 93
Np 94
Pu 95
Am 96
Cm 97
Bk 98
Cf 99
Es 100
Fm101
Md 102
No 103
Lr
122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 147 148 149 150 151 152 153
Lanthanides
Actinides
Superactinides
Transuranium Elements
10th Anniversary OSL, June 14th, Karlsruhe 6
The Institute for Transuranium Elements
The mission of ITU is to provide the scientific foundation for the protection of the European citizen against risks associated with the handling and storage of highly radioactive material.
ITU’s prime objectives are • to serve as a reference centre for basic actinide research,• to contribute to an effective safety and safeguards system for the nuclear fuel cycle, and • to study technological and medical applications of transuranium elements.
Founded in 1963
ISO 14001:2004 standard for environmental
management
OHSAS 18001(Occupational Health and
Safety Standard)
ISO 9001:2000 quality management standard
(since 1994)
EFQM Excellence Model as basis for an
integrated business processes implementation
ISO 17025Accredited Laboratory
10th Anniversary OSL, June 14th, Karlsruhe 7
65
117
3628
18 15 15
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Universitystaff (AD)
Technicalstaff (AST
high)
Support staff(AST low)
Grantholders Trainees ScientificVisitors
ContractAgents
Staff ~ 300 (+ externals)More than 24 nationalities
The Institute for Transuranium Elements in numbersINSTITUTIONAL PROGRAMME
2 14 7
94
515
50
45
356
24
117
134 3 21 6 7 A
BCZDDKEFFINGBGRHIRLILTLVLNLPLPROSLOSWEOTH
Institutional Budget about 40 M€Competitive activities
6-8 M€, about 15% of budget
10th Anniversary OSL, June 14th, Karlsruhe 8
• 24 hot cells with capacities up to 1 Mio Curies and some 400 glove boxes in 30 alpha-laboratories.
• Minor Actinide Lab for preparing irradiation targets containing amounts of actinides for transmutation experiments
• ARTINA category 10-100 Clean Lab for safeguards and nuclear forensic applications
• Destructive and non-destructive analyses– Advanced mass spectrometers, laboratory robots, …
• Basic materials science investigations– Materials studies down to 1 K and up to 8000 K and 60 GPa– Photo-electron spectroscopy, – Crystallographic investigations, – Solid-state studies (X-ray diffraction, electrical resistance and
optical properties) on highly radioactive samples, – Mössbauer spectroscopy at normal and elevated pressures – High-resolution electron microscopes, – Shielded microprobes, ….
Facilities and unique equipment
10th Anniversary OSL, June 14th, Karlsruhe 9
New facilities 2008-2010
• "EURACT-NMR – European Radioactive Nuclear Magnetic Resonance"
(workshop in Karlsruhe 27-29 January, 2010) • New Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)• Raman spectrometer
Facilities and unique equipment
• Instrumentation: Surface Science Spectroscopies (XPS)
• Large Geometry SIMS laboratory
10th Anniversary OSL, June 14th, Karlsruhe 10
ITU’s core competences
Basic actinides science
and applications
Safety of the nuclear fuel cycle
Safeguardsand
nuclear forensics
Education, Training and user facilities/networking
10th Anniversary OSL, June 14th, Karlsruhe 11
Basic Actinide Science and Applications
The actinides are among the most complex of the long- lived elements, and in the solid state, they display some of the most unusual behaviours of any series in the periodic table
Radial-Distribution of the valence electrons in trivalent Lanthanide and Actinide
Oxydation states in the Actinide series
10th Anniversary OSL, June 14th, Karlsruhe 12
Alpha-ImmunoTherapy
Alpha-ImmunoTherapy• production of radionuclides• radiolabelling of biomolecules• radiobiology and pre-clinical studies• production of radionuclides and set-
up of adapted reprocessing • Further diversification of
applications• Radiobiology for Th-226 and U230• In vivo studies
Principle of Alpha-Immunotherapy
Y-90
several 1000 µm
Bi-213
80 µm
β
α
10th Anniversary OSL, June 14th, Karlsruhe 13
Alpa-ImmunoTherapy: Clinical and pre-clinical Studies
ITUα-emitting
isotopesGastric, bladder, ovarian cancer
(Munich)
Brain tumours (Phase I)Prostate cancer (Basel)
Multiple myeloma (Nantes)
Infectious diseasesHIV Phase I (New York)
Breast Cancer(Baltimore)
Alternative alpha-emitters and chelatesIncrease pre-clinical and clinical studies diversify applications
CT image of patient #4 after injection of 17.4 mCi213Bi-DOTA-SubstanceP
Malignant melanoma (Phase I), + pre-
clinical (Sydney)
10th Anniversary OSL, June 14th, Karlsruhe 14
ITU’s core competences
Basic actinides science
and applications
Safety of the nuclear fuel cycle
Safeguardsand
nuclear forensics
Education, Training and user facilities/networking
10th Anniversary OSL, June 14th, Karlsruhe 15
A European vision of nuclear energy development
Generation I
Generation II
1950 1970 1990 2010 2030 2050 2070 2090
Generation III
First First ReactorsReactors
Dismantling & clean-up
Current Current ReactorsReactors
Future Future SystemsSystems
Generation IV
Produces 31% of Europe’s electricity
New build in Finland and France (EPR), other countries… Start of industrial deployment in 2040-
2050
What R&D to support this vision?
Advanced Advanced ReactorsReactors
10th Anniversary OSL, June 14th, Karlsruhe 17
Nuclear Waste DisposalNuclear Waste Disposal• studies on unirradiated wasteforms• advanced characterisation methods• corrosion studies on irradiated fuels• conditioning matrices for minor
actinides
Alternative Fuel CyclesAlternative Fuel Cycles• advanced aqueous partitioning• pyro-reprocessing technologies• head-end conversion processes
Safety of Advanced Nuclear Fuels:•advanced sustainable fuels•EURATOM contribution to Gen IV •International Forum (GIF).
Safety of Conventional Nuclear Fuels• in-pile behaviour of nuclear fuel at extended burn-up
• Code and Modeling: Transuranus
Safety of the nuclear fuel cycle
ITU FUTURIX pellets
SNE-TP
10th Anniversary OSL, June 14th, Karlsruhe 18
101 102 103 104 105 106102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
with P&T
1000 y [99% Pu, 98% MA removal]
270 y
500 y [99.5% Pu, 99% MA removal]
130,000 y
results based on ICRP72
Inge
stio
n ra
diot
oxic
ity(S
vpe
r ton
spe
nt fu
el)
time (y)
Totalactinides
fission products
ref. 7.83 t U in equilibriumwith P&T
Waste Waste RadiotoxicityRadiotoxicity
MultiMulti--barrier conceptbarrier conceptRetrievabilityRetrievability, Reducing conditions, Reducing conditionsSourceSource--term term Fuel corrosionFuel corrosion
Nuclear Waste DisposalNuclear Waste Disposal
Nuclear Waste Disposal
10th Anniversary OSL, June 14th, Karlsruhe 19
ITU’s core competences
Basic actinides science
and applications
Safety of the nuclear fuel cycle
Safeguardsand
nuclear forensics
Education, Training and user facilities/networking
10th Anniversary OSL, June 14th, Karlsruhe 20
Nuclear Security
Traditional Safeguards Isotope & Element Assay- Nuclear material accountancy (owner)- Independent verification (Euratom, IAEA,...)
Strengthened Safeguards Environmental Analysis
- Absence of undeclared activities (Add. Protocol)
LISEURATOM
NonNon--Proliferation is a policy objective of the EU, ITU provides Proliferation is a policy objective of the EU, ITU provides scientific/technical support to Member States, Euratom and IAEAscientific/technical support to Member States, Euratom and IAEA
Illicit trafficking and nuclear forensics- Detection Chemical Analysis- Source attribution Macroscopic Parameters
Microscopic ParametersReference Data
Radiological Dispersal Event (RDE)
?
10th Anniversary OSL, June 14th, Karlsruhe 21
OSL Sellafield (1999+)
Robotised glovebox for sample preparation and alpha spectrometry
Diluted spent fuel and product samples
LSS La Hague (2000+)
Hot cells for handling and analysing dissolved spent fuel
Undiluted spent fuel and product samples
Traditional Safeguards
SLO LSS
10th Anniversary OSL, June 14th, Karlsruhe 22
Illicit Trafficking (all types) incidents 1993-2007(source: IAEA)
Nuclear Security Incidents
10th Anniversary OSL, June 14th, Karlsruhe 23
ITU’s core competences
Basic actinides science
and applications
Safety of the nuclear fuel cycle
Safeguardsand
nuclear forensics
Education, Training and user facilities/networking
10th Anniversary OSL, June 14th, Karlsruhe 24
Knowledge Management, Education & Training
• Summer Schools• Trainees, PhD students, Post-Docs• Visiting scientists• User Facility• Network of excellence• Actinide User lab
• Workshops• Conferences
• training courses• Upgrade and new nuclear databases
Information portals www.nucleonica.net
10th Anniversary OSL, June 14th, Karlsruhe 25
Quick view into the future…
New office building (2009-2012):
Wing M (2007-2014):
10th Anniversary OSL, June 14th, Karlsruhe 27
Global Actinide Management
2020 2030 2040 2050
UPu
Np
U, Pu + MA
Pu + MA
Pu
PuMA
MA Partitioning and storage
PuU
Unat
MA
LWR
2030/2040•GEN III+ LWR & GEN IV FR
–
3rd generation Pu recycling–
Full An recycling (GEN IV)
–
Recycling of stored MA–
Dedicated MA burners
if needed
MA
MA BurnersADS
Gen III+
Gen III+
Gen IV Fast reactors
2020•Implementation of MA partitioning•Waste minimization (Vitrified FP)
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