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1 © 2016 Chevron Australia Pty Ltd. All Rights Reserved © 2016 Chevron
Offshore Cargo Operations
Dev Paranjape Marine Supervisor, Offshore Support
Marine Safety Form, Perth, 9 June 2016
2 © 2016 Chevron Australia Pty Ltd. All Rights Reserved
Offshore Cargo Supply Related Incidents
Offshore Cargo Operations 101 • “Routine” task which is conducted
frequently offshore- on most OSVs on a daily basis.
• Involves lifting on (backload) and lifting off (discharge) cargo units from the vessel deck- to supply the offshore platform or rig.
• Cargo units are usually containerized. Loads are pre-slung- and undergo a pre load out inspection ashore and on the rig before being placed on vessel deck.
Recent Events A recent serious incident in the Australian Offshore Industry has highlighted the risks associated with cargo deck operations on Offshore Support Vessels.
3 © 2016 Chevron Australia Pty Ltd. All Rights Reserved
Complacency and Error Traps
Routine tasks can result in complacent behaviours and falling into error traps such as-
• Anchoring bias - Relying primarily on the outcome of previous task executions.
• Knowledge bias - Relying primarily on current knowledge and overlooking the safest options.
• Optimism bias - The tendency to underestimate the true risk involved in a task.
• Overconfidence bias - over estimation of one’s own ability to avoid potential
harmful outcomes of a task.
J.K. Wachter, P.L. Yorio / Accident Analysis and Prevention 68 (2014)
4 © 2016 Chevron Australia Pty Ltd. All Rights Reserved
Look back Fatality Incident- December 1993, NWS-Australia
Vessel Type- Offshore Supply Vessel (Open Stern) • Large wave came over the
open deck. • IP crushed between vessel
rubbish skip and empty skip when moved by sea water.
• Impact- Boat shaped skips
were banned from use in offshore locations.
(Photo Courtesy – ATSB Report)
5 © 2016 Chevron Australia Pty Ltd. All Rights Reserved
Look back Fatality Incident- September 2005, Qatar
Vessel Type- Offshore Supply Vessel • Container swung towards
starboard while being lifted to J/U rig.
• IP crushed between vessel
container and a power pack.
6 © 2016 Chevron Australia Pty Ltd. All Rights Reserved
Look back Fatality Incidents
Vessel Type- AHTS, North Sea, June 2004
• IP was caught between the wireline
support frame and the skip and his chest was heavily crushed when without warning, a larger than usual roll of the vessel caused the wireline support frame to shift.
Vessel Type- AHTS, Vietnam, November 2010
• Three deck crew members took refuge in
the vicinity of an empty mixing tank and filter pod skid on the starboard stern of a supply vessel.
• A sudden swell- about 4-6 meters hit the vessel stern, causing the empty mixing tank (est weight 5 MT) to skid towards the filter pod; and knocked the deceased who was standing in front of the mixing tank, resulting in fatal injury.
7 © 2016 Chevron Australia Pty Ltd. All Rights Reserved
Look back DAFW Incident- September 2004, North Sea
Vessel Type- Offshore Supply Vessel • While preparing to unload cargo from
supply vessel to installation, a large wave hit the stern of the boat.
• The wave hit two seamen on deck, and they were moved approx 10m along the deck. They stopped when they hit containers on the deck.
• IP was injured and sent ashore for treatment. At the same time a 6m long cargo basket was also moved by the wave.
8 © 2016 Chevron Australia Pty Ltd. All Rights Reserved
Look back DAFW Incident- April 2005, North Sea
Vessel Type- AHTS • During water transfer operations which
started after back loading was just completed.
• Swell carried two of the seamen up the deck along with an unsecured scaffolding basket.
• This resulted IP’s leg pinned between the scaffolding basket and another box, breaking his leg.
9 © 2016 Chevron Australia Pty Ltd. All Rights Reserved
Look back DAFW Incident- Jan 2010, Gulf of Thailand
Vessel Type- AHTS • IP was removing lashing from a pallet
when a large wave came over the deck.
• Pallet stuck IP and resulted in a Leg fracture.
10 © 2016 Chevron Australia Pty Ltd. All Rights Reserved
Lessons learnt
• Understanding of risk while performing cargo loading/unloading operations on Offshore Support Vessels- including open stern vessels.
• Proper risk assessment for complex
systems or activities requires awareness and understanding of similar prior incidents.
• Offshore cargo loading/unloading
operations between the facility and the vessel are not recognised as combined operations.
11 © 2016 Chevron Australia Pty Ltd. All Rights Reserved
Safe Work Procedures
Why are they important… • Provide steps necessary to safely
execute tasks free of injury and illness.
• Provide important and consistent information to workers of what is expected of them from a safety perspective.
• Play a vital role in ensuring in ensuring that routine, complex tasks are executed safely.
J.K. Wachter, P.L. Yorio / Accident Analysis and Prevention 68 (2014))
12 © 2016 Chevron Australia Pty Ltd. All Rights Reserved
Chevron ABU Offshore Cargo Handling Procedures
Objectives: • Formalise information sharing and interactions. • Ensure cargo restraint. • Ensure pre-planning of loading and unloading
operations. • Increase levels of communications.
• Reduce the risk of unplanned movement of cargo on
the deck of a vessel.
• Reduce time alongside of offshore facility.
13 © 2016 Chevron Australia Pty Ltd. All Rights Reserved
Plan and Prepare
Failing to plan is planning to fail…….. • If you do not have a plan you do not know when
it changes.
• If you do not know what is changing – you
cannot manage change safely.
14 © 2016 Chevron Australia Pty Ltd. All Rights Reserved
Stowage Planning
Key considerations while planning • Block stowage and number/type of CCUs in a
block. • Two “stage” lashing of each block. • Emergency escape routes. • Open sterns and possibility of green water on
deck. • Weather and sea state conditions offshore. • Strong point, lashing points and post mounts. • Cargo dimensions and weight. • Placement to minimise unplanned movement-
friction coefficients. • Stability and discharge sequence to minimise
time alongside facility.
15 © 2016 Chevron Australia Pty Ltd. All Rights Reserved
Stowage Planning (Backload)
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Environmental Limits
Weather and Sea State • Trigger points for review of cargo operations
alongside- – Wind exceeding 25 knots – Significant wave height 2.5m – 5 deg vessel roll or pitch
• Stop points- – Winds exceeding 30 knots – Significant wave height 3.0m – 10deg vessel roll or pitch
• Stern to weather working to be avoided on open stern vessels
17 © 2016 Chevron Australia Pty Ltd. All Rights Reserved
Communications
Offshore Facility and Vessel Interface: • Agree on sequence of offload and backload. Any
significant changes trigger a formal review. Only one block of cargo to be unlashed at any time.
• “Cherry Picking” of cargo to be avoided. If there is no other option – then a full risk assessment required.
• Vessel to flag idle time alongside facility in excess of 15 minutes.
• Vessel to move away from facility if idle time exceeds 30 minutes after notifying facility – minimise risk alongside.
18 © 2016 Chevron Australia Pty Ltd. All Rights Reserved
Collaboration
Working together is the key: • Significant consultation and
collaboration to get all stakeholders aligned.
• Multiple engagements with vessel
crews, management and internal customers.
• Consistent and unwavering support from Management and Leadership.
• Continuing work to raise awareness with partners and peers from the industry.
19 © 2016 Chevron Australia Pty Ltd. All Rights Reserved
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