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Ricardo Portilo Prooiricardo@oervioformatcaacomabr
Esta obra está iiceociada sob a iiceoçaCreatve Commoos AtribuiçooSӹemDerivados oa0 BrasiiaPara ver uma cópia desta iiceoça, visite ltp://creatvecommoosaorg/iiceoses/bySod/oa0/br/a
Oracle RAC 12cR2Em Red Hat Eoterprise Lioux 7a4
Iociui CDB Arclitecture
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Comandos no Treinamento
Comando com o usuário root:# ls -lh
Comando com um usuário oracle:$ ls -lh
Adicionar texto a um arquivo:$ vi initORCL.ora...db_cache_size=500M...
Comando no Oracle:SQL> SELECT STATUS FROM V$INSTANCE;
Algo deve ser alterado de acordo com sua máquina:Hostoame: nerv01aiocaidomaio
Quando algo dá errado propositalmente:O que aconteceu?
Coloque todas as senhas (root, oracle, SYS, SYSTEM) como Nerv2018.
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rlwrap
# wget https://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/epel-release-latest-7.noarch.rpm# yum -y install epel-release-latest-7.noarch.rpm# yum -y install rlwrap
$ rlwrap sqlplus / AS SYSDBA$ rlwrap rman TARGET /$ rlwrap lsnrctl$ rlwrap dgmgrl SYS/Nerv2018@ORCL
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● Custo de Equipameotos● Custo de Liceoças● Custo de Coolecimeoto● Compiexidade● Escaiabiiidade
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Por que não usar o RAC?
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● 1 Database x N Iostaoces• + Backgrouod Processes• + daemoos• OCR• Votog Disk
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Oracle RAC x Single Instance
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Oracle 6.0.35: VAX / VMӹOracle 7: PCMOracle 8i: Cacle Fusioo IOracle 9i: Cacle Fusioo II, Oracie Ciuster Maoagemeot ӹervicesOracle 10gR1:• Oracie Ciuster Maoagemeot ӹervices => Ciuster Ready ӹervices (CRӹ)• AӹM S Automatc ӹtorage maoagemeot• FAN S Fast Appiicatoo Notfcatoo• Iotegraçoo com Database ӹervices• AWR, ADDM, AӹH, ӹcleduier, Eoterprise MaoagerOracle 10gR2: CRӹ => Oracie Ciusterwarea New Features iociuem: ciuvfy, asmcmdaOracle 11gR1: Apeoas 7 New FeaturesaOracle 11gR2: CRӹ => Grid Iofrastrucutrea o2 New FeaturesaOracle 12cR1: oo New FeaturesaOracle 12cR2: o2 New Featuresa
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Evolução Oracle RAC
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● Eolaoced Oracie RAC Mooitoriog aod Diagoostcs io Eoterprise Maoager● Eolaoced Oracie Reai Appiicatoo Ciusters Coofguratoo Assistaots● OCI Ruotme Coooectoo Load Baiaociog● Paraiiei Executoo for Oracie Reai Appiicatoo Ciusters● ӹupport for Distributed Traosactoos io ao Oracie RAC Eoviroomeot● Eolaoced Oracie RAC ӹwitclover ӹupport for Logicai ӹtaodby Databases● Eolaoced Oracie RAC Mooitoriog aod Diagoostcs io Eoterprise Maoager
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RAC 11gR1 New Features
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● Coofguratoo Assistaots ӹupport New Oracie RAC Features● Enhanced Cluster Verifcaton Utlity● Integraton of Cluster Verifcaton Utlity and Oracle Universal Installer● Cluster Time Service● Oracie Ciuster Registry (OCR) Eolaocemeots● Grid Piug aod Piay (GPoP)● Oracle Restart● Policy-Based Cluster and Capacity Management● Improved Ciusterware Resource Modeiiog● Role-Separated Management● Ageot Deveiopmeot Framework● Zero Downtme Patching for Oracle Clusterware and Oracle RAC● Eoterprise MaoagerSBased Ciusterware Resource Maoagemeot● Eoterprise Maoager Provisiooiog for Oracie Ciusterware aod Oracie Reai Appiicatoo Ciusters● Eoterprise Maoager ӹupport for Grid Piug aod Piay● Eoterprise Maoager ӹupport for Oracie Restart● Coofguratoo Assistaot ӹupport for Removiog Oracie RAC Iostaiiatoos
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RAC 11gR2 New Features – Parte 1
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● Oracie Uoiversai Iostaiier ӹupport for Removiog Oracie RAC Iostaiiatoos● Improved Deiostaiiatoo ӹupport Witl Oracie Uoiversai Iostaiier● Dowogradiog Database Coofgured Witl DBCootroi● Oracie Restart Iotegratoo witl Oracie Uoiversai Iostaiier● Out-of-Place Oracle Clusterware Upgrade● OUI ӹupport for OutSofSPiace Oracie Ciusterware Upgrade● ӹerver Cootroi (ӹRVCTL) Eolaocemeots● ӹerver Cootroi (ӹRVCTL) Eolaocemeots to ӹupport Grid Piug aod Piay● ӹRVCTL ӹupport for ӹiogieSIostaoce Database io a Ciuster● Uoiversai Coooectoo Pooi (UCP) Iotegratoo witl Oracie Data Guard● UCP Iotegratoo Witl Oracie Reai Appiicatoo Ciusters● Uoiversai Coooectoo Pooi (UCP) for JDBC● Java API for Oracie RAC FAN Higl Avaiiabiiity Eveots● EMCA ӹupports New Oracie RAC Coofguratoo for Eoterprise Maoager● Giobai Oracie RAC AӹH Report + ADDM Backwards Compatbiiity
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RAC 11gR2 New Features – Parte 2
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RAC 12cR1 New Features – Parte 1● Oracle Flex Cluster● ӹRVCTL ӹupport for Oracie Fiex Ciuster Impiemeotatoos● Policy-Based Cluster Management and Administraton● WlatSIf Commaod Evaiuatoo● Shared Grid Naming Service (GNS)● Ooiioe Resource Atribute Modifcatoo● Grid Infrastructure Script Automaton for Installaton and Upgrade● Muitpurpose Ciuster Iostaiiatoo ӹupport● ӹupport for IPv6 Based IP Addresses for Oracie RAC Ciieot Coooectvity● Message Forwardiog oo Oracie RAC● ӹlarded Queues for Performaoce aod ӹcaiabiiity● Oracie Grid Iofrastructure Roiiiog Migratoo for OoeSOf Patcles
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RAC 12cR1 New Features – Parte 2● Oracle Flex ASM● Oracie AӹM ӹlared Password Fiie io a Disk Group● Oracie AӹM Rebaiaoce Eolaocemeots● Oracie AӹM Disk Resyoc Eolaocemeots● Oracie AӹM clowo, clgrp, clmod aod Opeo Fiies ӹupport● Oracie AӹM ӹupport ALTER DIӹKGROUP REPLACE UӹER● Oracie AӹM Fiie Access Cootroi oo Wiodows● Oracle ASM Disk Scrubbing● Oracie Ciuster Registry Backup io AӹM Disk Group ӹupport● Eoterprise Maoager ӹupport for Oracie AӹM Features● Oracie ACFӹ ӹupport for Aii Oracie Database Fiies● Oracie ACFӹ aod Higliy Avaiiabie NFӹ● Oracie ACFӹ ӹoapslots Eolaocemeots● Oracie ACFӹ Repiicatoo Iotegratoo witl Oracie ACFӹ ӹecurity aod Eocryptoo● Oracie ACFӹ ӹecurity aod Eocryptoo Features● Oracie ACFӹ Fiie Tags for Grid Homes● Oracie ACFӹ PiugSio APIs● Oracie ACFӹ Repiicatoo aod Taggiog oo AIX● Oracie ACFӹ Repiicatoo aod Taggiog oo ӹoiaris● Oracie Audit Vauit ӹupport for Oracie ACFӹ ӹecurity aod Eocryptoo● Eoterprise Maoager ӹupport for Oracie ACFӹ New Features
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RAC 12cR2 New Features – Parte 1● Oracle Flex ASM Disk Group Quota Management● Prioritzed Rebalancing● Exteodiog Oracie Reai Appiicatoo Ciusters (Oracie RAC) Coofguratoo ӹupport● I/O ӹerver● Ciuster Resource Actvity Log● Ciuster Verifcatoo Utiity S ӹecood Geoeratoo Commaod Lioe Output● ӹwitcl ӹervice Eolaocemeot● VM Maoager Ageot for GI● ӹlared Grid Namiog ӹervice Higl Avaiiabiiity● Oracie Ciusterware Resource Groups● Reasooed WlatSIf Commaod Evaiuatoo (WlySIf)● Server Weight-Based Node Evicton● Load-Aware Resource Placement● Oracie Ciusterware Appiicatoo Ciusters● Oracie Grid Iofrastructure Iostaiiatoo ӹupport for Appiicatoo Ciuster Iostaiiatoo Type
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RAC 12cR2 New Features – Parte 2● Oracie Automatc ӹtorage Maoagemeot Ciuster Fiie ӹystem (Oracie ACFӹ) ӹoapslot Eolaocemeots● Oracle ACFS System Defragger● 4K ӹectors aod Metadata Eolaocemeots for Oracie ACFӹ● Oracie ACFӹ Metadata Coiiectoo Eolaocemeots● Oracie ACFӹ PiugSios for Fiie Cooteot● Oracie ACFӹ Loopback Device● Oracie ACFӹ API Access for ӹoapslots, Fiie Tags, PiugSio Metrics● Oracle ACFS Compression Enhancements● Oracie ӹoapslotSBased Repiicatoo Eolaocemeots● Oracie ACFӹ AutoSResize Eolaocemeots● Oracie ACFӹ ӹparse Fiies Eolaocemeots● Oracie ACFӹ Metadata Acceieratoo● Oracie ACFӹ NAӹ Maximum Avaiiabiiity eXteosioos● Rapid Home Provisiooiog● ӹupport for IPv6 Based IP Addresses for tle Oracie Ciuster Iotercoooect● Oracle Real Applicaton Clusters (Oracle RAC) Reader Nodes● Service-Oriented Bufer Cache Access Optmizaton
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Nas máquinas nerv01 e nerv02, atualize o sistema operacional e execute a instalação dos pré-requisitos.# subscription-manager register --username ricardo@nervinformatica.com.br --password MinhaSenha --auto-attach# subscription-manager subscribe --auto# yum -y update# yum -y install bc binutils compat-libcap1 glibc glibc.i686 glibc-devel glibc-devel.i686 ksh libaio libaio.i686 libaio-devel libaio-devel.i686 libgcc libgcc.i686 libstdc++ libstdc++.i686 libstdc++-devel libstdc++-devel.i686 libxcb libxcb.i686 libX11 libX11.i686 libXau libXau.i686 libXi libXi.i686 libXtst libXtst.i686 make net-tools nfs-utils smartmontools sysstat gcc gcc-c++# yum -y install unzip wget iscsi-initiator-utils java-1.8.0-openjdk screen# yum -y install tuned# tuned-adm profile throughput-performance
# yum -y install kernel-3.10.0-514.16.1.el7.x86_64
# yum -y install https://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/epel-release-latest-7.noarch.rpm# yum -y update# yum -y install rlwrap
Nas máquinas nerv01 e nerv02, altere a seguinte linha no arquivo /etc/fstab....tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults,size=2g 0 0...
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Lab 2.1: Confguração RHEL 7
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Nas máquinas nerv01 e nerv02, adicione as linhas abaixo ao final do arquivo /etc/sysctl.conf....# Oracle RAC 12cR2net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0kernel.sysrq = 0kernel.core_uses_pid = 1net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1kernel.msgmnb = 65536kernel.msgmax = 65536fs.file-max = 6815744kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128kernel.shmmni = 4096kernel.shmall = 4294967296kernel.shmmax = 4398046511104kernel.panic_on_oops = 1net.core.rmem_default = 262144net.core.rmem_max = 4194304net.core.wmem_default = 262144net.core.wmem_max = 1048576net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 2net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 2fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500...
Lab 2.2: Confguração RHEL 7
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Nas máquinas nerv01 e nerv02, adicione as linhas abaixo ao final do arquivo /etc/security/limits.conf....# Oracle RAC 12cR2oracle soft nofile 1024oracle hard nofile 65536oracle soft nproc 16384oracle hard nproc 16384oracle soft stack 10240oracle hard stack 32768oracle hard memlock 134217728oracle soft memlock 134217728...
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Lab 2.3: Confguração RHEL 7
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Nas máquinas nerv01 e nerv02, remova o DNS 8.8.8.8 da placa de rede eth0.# nmtui
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Lab 2.4: Confguração RHEL 7
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Nas máquinas nerv01 e nerv02, ACRESCENTAR AO FINAL do arquivo /etc/hosts:# Public192.168.15.101 nerv01.localdomain nerv01192.168.15.102 nerv02.localdomain nerv02# Private192.168.1.101 nerv01-priv.localdomain nerv01-priv192.168.1.102 nerv02-priv.localdomain nerv02-priv# Virtual192.168.15.111 nerv01-vip.localdomain nerv01-vip192.168.15.112 nerv02-vip.localdomain nerv02-vip
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Lab 2.7: Confguração RHEL 7
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Nas máquinas nerv01 e nerv02, executar os comandos abaixo.# groupadd oinstall# groupadd dba# groupadd oper# groupadd asmadmin# groupadd asmdba# groupadd asmoper# usermod -g oinstall -G dba,oper,asmadmin,asmdba,asmoper oracle# mkdir -p /u01/app/12.2.0.1/grid# chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01# chmod -R 775 /u01
Nas máquinas nerv01 e nerv02, adicione a linha abaixo ao fnal do arquivo /etc/sysconfg/network....NOZEROCONF=YES...
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Lab 2.8: Confguração RHEL 7
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Nas máquinas nerv01 e nerv02, desabilite o frewall, o avahi e o chronyd.# systemctl disable firewalld# systemctl disable avahi-daemon# systemctl enable chronyd
Nas máquinas nerv01 e nerv02, altere as seguintes linhas no arquivo /etc/chrony.conf....# server 0.rhel.pool.ntp.org iburst# server 1.rhel.pool.ntp.org iburst# server 2.rhel.pool.ntp.org iburst# server 3.rhel.pool.ntp.org iburstserver 192.168.15.2 iburst...
Nas máquinas nerv01 e nerv02, altere o SELinux para o modo permissive.# vi /etc/selinux/config...SELINUX=permissive...
Reinicie as máquinas nerv01 e nerv02 para validar todas as confgurações.# reboot
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Lab 2.9: Confguração RHEL 7
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Nas máquinas nerv01 e nerv02, verifque se o Kernel utlizado é o kernel-3.10.0-514.16.1.el7.x86_64.# uname -a
Nas máquinas nerv01 e nerv02, se o Kernel não estver correto, altere para o kernel-3.10.0-514.16.1.el7.x86_64.# awk -F\' '$1=="menuentry " {print $2}' /etc/grub2.cfg# grub2-set-default 2# grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg# cat /boot/grub2/grubenv | grep saved# reboot# uname -a
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Lab 2.10: Confguração RHEL 7
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Nas máquinas nerv01 e nerv02 , com o usuário oracle, ACRESCENTAR NO FINAL do arquivo /home/oracle/.bash_profile as linhas abaixo.export TMP=/tmpexport TMPDIR=$TMPexport ORACLE_HOSTNAME=nerv01.localdomainexport ORACLE_UNQNAME=ORCLexport ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracleexport ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/12.2.0.1/db_1export GRID_HOME=/u01/app/12.2.0.1/gridexport CRS_HOME=$GRID_HOMEexport ORACLE_SID=ORCL1export ORACLE_TERM=xtermexport PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATHexport PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATHexport LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/libexport CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlibif [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then ulimit -p 16384 ulimit -n 65536 else ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536 fifi
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Lab 2.11: Confguração RHEL 7
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Lab 3.1: Confguração DiscosNas máquinas nerv01 e nerv02, atve o pacote iSCSI Initator.# systemctl enable iscsid# systemctl start iscsid
Nas máquinas nerv01 e nerv02, verifque os Discos exportados no Storage.# iscsiadm -m discovery -t sendtargets -p 192.168.15.201 -l
Nas máquinas nerv01 e nerv02 verifque se os discos foram confgurados localmente.# fdisk -l | grep sd
Na máquina nerv01, partcione os novos discos.# fdisk /dev/sdbn <enter>p <enter>1 <enter><enter><enter>w <enter>...
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Lab 3.2: Confguração DiscosNa máquina nerv01, confgure o disco com o AFD (ASM Filter Driver).$ cp linuxx64_12201_grid_home.zip /u01/app/12.2.0.1/grid/$ cd /u01/app/12.2.0.1/grid/$ unzip -q linuxx64_12201_grid_home.zip$ rm linuxx64_12201_grid_home.zip$ su# export ORACLE_HOME=$GRID_HOME# $ORACLE_HOME/bin/asmcmd afd_label CONFIG01 /dev/sdb1 --init# $ORACLE_HOME/bin/asmcmd afd_lslbl /dev/sdb1# chown oracle:asmadmin /dev/sdb1
Na máquina nerv02, confgure o disco com o AFD (ASM Filter Driver).# partprobe /dev/sdb# chown oracle:asmadmin /dev/sdb1
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Na máquina nerv01, com o usuário root, instale o Cluster Verifcaton Utlity.# yum -y install /u01/app/12.2.0.1/grid/cv/rpm/cvuqdisk-1.0.10-1.rpm
Copie o Cluster Verifcaton Utlity para a máquina nerv02, e instale-o com o usuário root.[root@nerv01 ~]# scp /u01/app/12.2.0.1/grid/cv/rpm/cvuqdisk-1.0.10-1.rpm nerv02:/root/[root@nerv02 ~]# yum -y install /root/cvuqdisk-1.0.10-1.rpm
Na máquina nerv01, com o usuário oracle, inicie a instalação do Grid Infrastructure.$ cd /home/oracle$ unzip -q p25078431_122010_Linux-x86-64.zip$ cd /u01/app/12.2.0.1/grid/$ ./gridSetup.sh -applyOneOffs /home/oracle/25078431/
Lab 4.1: Instalação Grid Infrastructure
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Lab 4.25: Instalação Grid Infrastructure
nerv01:# /u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh# /u01/app/12.2.0.1/grid/root.sh...Enter the full pathname of the local bin directory: [/usr/local/bin]: <ENTER>...
$ . oraenvORACLE_SID = [+ASM1] ? +ASM1 <ENTER>$ rlwrap sqlplus / AS SYSASMSQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET "_USE_PLATFORM_HASH_FUNCTION"=FALSE SCOPE=SPFILE SID='*';# /u01/app/12.2.0.1/grid/bin/crsctl stop has# /u01/app/12.2.0.1/grid/bin/crsctl start has
# Espere aparecer uma mensagem como a abaixo...# tail -f /u01/app/oracle/diag/crs/nerv01/crs/trace/alert.log# 2018-03-23 13:12:05.348 [CRSD(14968)]CRS-2772: Server 'nerv01' has been assigned to pool 'Free'
nerv02:# /u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh# /u01/app/12.2.0.1/grid/root.sh...Enter the full pathname of the local bin directory: [/usr/local/bin]: <ENTER>...
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Lab 4.27: Instalação Grid Infrastructurenerv01:$ . oraenv
+ASM1$ srvctl stop cha$ srvctl stop qosmserver$ srvctl disable qosmserver$ srvctl stop mgmtdb$ srvctl disable mgmtdb$ srvctl stop mgmtlsnr$ srvctl disable mgmtlsnr$ srvctl stop cvu$ srvctl disable cvu$ crsctl stop res ora.crf -init$ rlwrap sqlplus / AS SYSASMSQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET "_ASM_ALLOW_SMALL_MEMORY_TARGET"=TRUE SCOPE=SPFILE SID='*';SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET MEMORY_TARGET=700 SCOPE=SPFILE SID='*';SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET MEMORY_MAX_TARGET=700M SCOPE=SPFILE SID='*';SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET "_DISABLE_HIGHRES_TICKS"=TRUE SCOPE=SPFILE SID='*';# /u01/app/12.2.0.1/grid/bin/crsctl delete res ora.crf -init# /u01/app/12.2.0.1/grid/bin/tfactl uninstall# /u01/app/12.2.0.1/grid/bin/crsctl stop has# /u01/app/12.2.0.1/grid/bin/crsctl start has
nerv02:$ . oraenv
+ASM2$ crsctl stop res ora.crf -init# /u01/app/12.2.0.1/grid/bin/crsctl delete res ora.crf -init# /u01/app/12.2.0.1/grid/bin/tfactl uninstall# /u01/app/12.2.0.1/grid/bin/crsctl stop has# /u01/app/12.2.0.1/grid/bin/crsctl start has
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Na máquina nerv02, com o usuário oracle, crie o diretório para o Oracle Database.$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0.1/db_1
Na máquina nerv01, com o usuário oracle, descompacte e execute o instalador do Oracle Database Sofware.$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0.1/db_1$ cd /home/oracle$ unzip -q linuxx64_12201_database.zip$ cd /home/oracle/database$ ./runInstaller
Lab 5.1: Instalação Oracle Database Sofware
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Lab 5.11: Instalação Oracle Database Sofware
# /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0.1/db_1/root.sh...Enter the full pathname of the local bin directory: [/usr/local/bin]: <ENTER>...#
121121
Lab 6.1: Criação Banco de Dados
Nas máquinas nerv01 e nerv02, verifque os Discos exportados no Storage.# iscsiadm -m discovery -t sendtargets -p 192.168.15.201 -l
Nas máquinas nerv01 e nerv02 verifque se os discos foram confgurados localmente.# fdisk -l | grep sd
Na máquina nerv01, partcione os novos discos.# fdisk /dev/sdcn <enter>p <enter>1 <enter><enter><enter>w <enter>...
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Lab 6.2: Criação Banco de Dados
Na máquina nerv01, crie os novos Discos no ASM Filter Driver.$ export ORACLE_HOME=$GRID_HOME$ export ORACLE_SID=+ASM1$ su# asmcmd afd_lslbl# asmcmd afd_label DATA01 /dev/sd?1 # Disco de 20GB# asmcmd afd_label FRA01 /dev/sd?1 # Disco de 10GB# asmcmd afd_label VD01 /dev/sd?1 # Disco de 1GB# asmcmd afd_label VD02 /dev/sd?1 # Disco de 1GB# asmcmd afd_label VD03 /dev/sd?1 # Disco de 1GB# asmcmd afd_label OCR01 /dev/sd?1 # Disco de 2GB# asmcmd afd_label OCR02 /dev/sd?1 # Disco de 2GB# asmcmd afd_lslbl# exit
Na máquina nerv02, detecte os discos do ASM Filter Driver.$ export ORACLE_HOME=$GRID_HOME$ export ORACLE_SID=+ASM2$ su# asmcmd afd_scan# asmcmd afd_lslbl
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Lab 6.3: Criação Banco de Dados
Na máquina nerv01, crie os novos Disk Groups.$ rlwrap sqlplus / AS SYSASMSQL> CREATE DISKGROUP DATA EXTERNAL REDUNDANCY DISK 'AFD:DATA01' ATTRIBUTE 'compatible.asm'='12.2', 'compatible.rdbms'='12.2', 'au_size'='8M';
SQL> CREATE DISKGROUP FRA EXTERNAL REDUNDANCY DISK 'AFD:FRA01' ATTRIBUTE 'compatible.asm'='12.2', 'compatible.rdbms'='12.2', 'au_size'='8M';
SQL> CREATE DISKGROUP VD NORMAL REDUNDANCY DISK 'AFD:VD01','AFD:VD02','AFD:VD03' ATTRIBUTE 'compatible.asm'='12.2', 'compatible.rdbms'='12.2', 'au_size'='1M';
SQL> CREATE DISKGROUP OCR NORMAL REDUNDANCY DISK 'AFD:OCR01','AFD:OCR02' ATTRIBUTE 'compatible.asm'='12.2', 'compatible.rdbms'='12.2', 'au_size'='1M';
SQL> SELECT GROUP_NUMBER, NAME, STRIPE, REDUNDANCY FROM V$ASM_TEMPLATE ORDER BY GROUP_NUMBER, NAME;
$ srvctl enable diskgroup -g DATA -n nerv02$ srvctl start diskgroup -g DATA -n nerv02$ srvctl enable diskgroup -g FRA -n nerv02$ srvctl start diskgroup -g FRA -n nerv02$ srvctl enable diskgroup -g VD -n nerv02$ srvctl start diskgroup -g VD -n nerv02$ srvctl enable diskgroup -g OCR -n nerv02$ srvctl start diskgroup -g OCR -n nerv02
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Lab 6.4: Criação Banco de Dados
Execute o DBCA para criar o banco de dados.$ source /home/oracle/.bash_profile$ dbca
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Lab 6.20: Criação Banco de Dados
Se tver o erro acima, execute na máquina nerv01 os comandos abaixo após o término do dbca:$ . oraenvORACLE_SID = [+ORCL1] ? +ORCL1 <ENTER>$ rlwrap sqlplus / AS SYSDBASQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET "_USE_PLATFORM_HASH_FUNCTION"=FALSE SCOPE=SPFILE SID='*';$ srvctl stop database -db ORCL$ srvctl start database -db ORCL
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✔ Background Process• ACMӹ: Atomic Cootroifie to Memory ӹervice• GTX0Sj: Giobai Traosactoo Process• LMON: Giobai Eoqueue ӹervice Mooitor• LMD: Giobai Eoqueue ӹervice Daemoo• LMӹ: Giobai Cacle ӹervice Process• LCK0: Iostaoce Eoqueue Process• RMӹo: Oracie RAC Maoagemeot Processes• RӹMN: Remote ӹiave Mooitor
✔ PFILE / SPFILE (1x)ALTER SYSTEM … SID=’*’;ALTER SYSTEM ... SID=’ORCL1’;
✔ DATAFILEs (1x) ✔ CONTROL FILEs (1x)✔ Online REDO LOG Threads (x Nodes)
ALTER DATABASE ADD LOGFILE THREAD 1 SIZE 1G;ALTER DATABASE ADD LOGFILE THREAD 2 SIZE 1G;
✔ UNDO TABLESPACE (x Nodes)
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RAC Database
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Lab 6.21: Criação Banco de DadosNa máquina nerv01, para efetuar logon na Instance ASM1, use o SQLPlus.$ export ORACLE_SID=+ASM1$ sqlplus / as SYSDBAPor que não funcionou?
Verifque os discos existentes, e espaço disponível.SQL> SELECT NAME, TOTAL_MB, FREE_MB FROM V$ASM_DISK;SQL> SELECT NAME, TOTAL_MB, FREE_MB FROM V$ASM_DISKGROUP;$ asmcmd -pASMCMD [+] > lsdg
Pelo asmcmd, copie um DATAFILE do ASM para o /home/oracle de uma máquina do RAC.
Na instância do banco, crie uma TABLESPACE.SQL> CREATE TABLESPACE TESTE;SQL> ALTER TABLESPACE TESTE ADD DATAFILE;SQL> ALTER TABLESPACE TESTE ADD DATAFILE ‘+DATA’;
Verifque o novo DATAFILE criado, e os já existentes.SQL> SELECT FILE_NAME, BYTES, MAXBYTES, AUTOEXTENSIBLE, INCREMENT_BY FROM DBA_DATA_FILES;
146
12cR2 CDB New Features
✔ ӹubset ӹtaodby✔ Data Guard Broker PDB Migratoo or Faiiover✔ CrossSPiatorm Import of a Piuggabie Database ioto a Muitteoaot Cootaioer Database✔ I/O Rate Limits for PDBs✔ Heat Map aod Automatc Data Optmizatoo ӹupport for CDBs✔ PDB Claracter ӹet✔ PDB Refresl✔ Hiots io CONTAINERӹ Query✔ Paraiiei PDB Creatoo Ciause✔ PDB Arclive Fiies (apdb Fiies)✔ Defauit Tabiespace Ciause✔ Ciooiog a PDB✔ Near Zero Dowotme PDB Reiocatoo✔ Logicai ӹtaodby Database to ӹupport CDBs witl PDBs witl Difereot Claracter ӹets✔ LogMioer to ӹupport CDBs witl PDBs witl Difereot Claracter ӹets✔ ӹupport for PDBs witl Difereot Claracter ӹets, Time Zooe Fiie Versioos, aod Database Time
Zooes io a CDB✔ Memory Resource Maoagemeot✔ PerSProcess PGA Limits✔ Performaoce Profies aod Maodatory PDB Profies✔ CDBSLevei PDB Lockdowo
147
12cR2 CDB New Features
✔ Appiicatoo Root✔ Proxy PDB✔ Forwardiog Coooectoos to A New Address Based oo ӹervice✔ ӹerviceSLevei ACLs for TCP Protocoi✔ Fiaslback Piuggabie Database✔ Upgradiog a CDB Witl Ooe or More PDBs io a ӹiogie Operatoo✔ ӹupport for Tlousaods of Piuggabie Databases for Eacl Muitteoaot Cootaioer Database✔ Piuggabie Database Lockdowo Profies Eolaocemeots✔ Piuggabie Database Operatog ӹystem Credeotais✔ Oracie Eoterprise Maoager Database Express (EM Express) Resource Maoager ӹupport✔ EM Express: ӹimpiifyiog Coofguratoo for Muitteoaot Tlrougl ӹiogie Port Access✔ EM Express: Performaoce Hub Eolaocemeots✔ Automatc Workioad Repository (AWR) ӹupport for a Piuggabie Database (PDB)✔ ӹeiectve PDB Upgrades✔ AWR_PDB_AUTOFLUӹH_ENABLED Ioitaiizatoo Parameter✔ ENABLE_AUTOMATIC_MAINTENANCE_PDB Ioitaiizatoo Parameter✔ AUTOTAӹK_MAX_ACTIVE_PDBӹ Ioitaiizatoo Parameter✔ Giobai aod ӹlared Coooectoo Pooi for Oracie Cioud aod Muitteoaot Oracie Databases✔ Prioritzed Rebaiaociog✔ Oracie Database Vauit Commoo Reaims aod Commaod Ruies for Oracie Muitteoaot
155
Como conectar em um PDB?
$ lsnrctl status...Services Summary...Service "5397376af7702ac5e0536a00a8c0505d" has 1 instance(s). Instance "ORCL", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...Service "ORCL" has 1 instance(s). Instance "ORCL", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...Service "ORCLXDB" has 1 instance(s). Instance "ORCL", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...Service "prod" has 1 instance(s). Instance "ORCL", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...The command completed successfully$
156
Como conectar em um PDB? tnsnames.ora
$ cat $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/tnsnames.ora...ORCL = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = nerv06.localdomain)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = ORCL) ) )
PROD = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = nerv06.localdomain)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = PROD) ) )
...$
186
Backup
CDB e PDBsRMAN> BACKUP DATABASE;RMAN> BACKUP DATAFILE 1;RMAN> BACKUP DATAFILE 1,3;
CDBRMAN> BACKUP DATABASE ROOT;RMAN> BACKUP TABLESPACE SYSTEM;RMAN> BACKUP TABLESPACE SYSTEM,SYSAUX;
PDBsRMAN> BACKUP PLUGGABLE DATABASE DEV1;RMAN> BACKUP PLUGGABLE DATABASE DEV1,DEV2;RMAN> BACKUP TABLESPACE DEV1:SYSTEM;
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Restore / Recover
CDB e PDBsRMAN> RESTORE DATABASE;RMAN> RECOVER DATABASE;RMAN> RESTORE DATAFILE 1;RMAN> RECOVER DATAFILE 1;
CDBRMAN> RESTORE DATABASE ROOT;RMAN> RECOVER DATABASE ROOT;RMAN> RESTORE TABLESPACE SYSTEM;RMAN> RECOVER TABLESPACE SYSTEM;
PDBsRMAN> RESTORE PLUGGABLE DATABASE DEV1;RMAN> RECOVER PLUGGABLE DATABASE DEV1;RMAN> RESTORE TABLESPACE DEV1:USERS;RMAN> RECOVER TABLESPACE DEV1:USERS;
197
S AӹMS ListeoerS VIPs e ӹCANS HAIPS OCR: Oracie Ciuster RegistryS VD: Votog Disk (Quorum Disk)S GIMR: Grid Iofrastructure Maoagemeot Repository (SMGMTDB)S Utiitários priocipais: crscti, srvctiS Daemoos: ohasd, crsd, evmd, oos, evmiogger, oioggerd, cssdmonitor, cssdagent, ocssd, octssd, osysmood, mdosd, gpopd, gipcd, orarootagent, oraagent, scriptageota
197
Componentes Grid Infrastructure
199199
Binários do GRID_HOME
Adiciooar $GRID_HOME/bio oo $PATH, oo abasl_profie$ crsctl status res -t
OU
$ . oraenvORACLE_SID = [ORCL1] ? +ASM1 <enter>
OU
$ cd /u01/app/12.2.0.1/grid/bin/./crsctl status res -t
OU
$ /u01/app/12.2.0.1/grid/bin/crsctl status res -t
203203
11gR2$GRID_HOME/log/<node>/$GRID_HOME/log/<node>/alert<node>.log
12cR1 / 12cR2$ORACLE_BASE/diag/crs/<node>/crs$ORACLE_BASE/diag/crs/<node>/crs/trace/alert.log
Logs
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Acompanhe a execução dos daemons via top.
Desligue a máquina nerv01.Veja o que acontece no Alert Log do nerv02 enquanto o nerv01 é desligado.$ tail -f /u01/app/oracle/diag/crs/nerv02/crs/trace/alert.log
Ligue a máquina nerv01.Veja o que acontece no Alert Log do nerv02 enquanto o nerv01 é ligado.$ tail -f /u01/app/oracle/diag/crs/nerv02/crs/trace/alert.log
Familiarize-se com o diretório de Logs.
Verifque o estado dos recursos.$ /u01/app/12.2.0.1/grid/bin/crsctl status res -t
204
Lab 7.1: Daemons
205
Contnue acompanhando os Alert Logs das duas máquinas.
Desconecte o cabo da rede do Interconnect, apenas de um nó.O que aconteceu?
Desconecte o cabo da rede do Storage, apenas de um nó.O que aconteceu?
Verifque e altere parâmetros de tmeout para o mínimo possível, e execute novamente os testes.# /u01/app/12.2.0.1/grid/bin/crsctl get css reboottime# /u01/app/12.2.0.1/grid/bin/crsctl get css misscount# /u01/app/12.2.0.1/grid/bin/crsctl get css disktimeout# /u01/app/12.2.0.1/grid/bin/crsctl set css reboottime 1# /u01/app/12.2.0.1/grid/bin/crsctl set css misscount 2# /u01/app/12.2.0.1/grid/bin/crsctl set css disktimeout 3
Lab 7.2: Daemons
206
Crie uma TABLESPACE de nome SOE.SQL> ALTER SESSION SET CONTAINER = PROD;SQL> CREATE TABLESPACE SOE;
Descompacte o swingbench.zip.$ cd /home/oracle$ unzip -q swingbench261046.zip$ cd swingbench/bin
Execute a criação do SCHEMA do teste de carga:$ ./oewizard
Lab 8.1: Teste de Carga
217
Execute o teste de carga:$ ./charbench -cs //rac01-scan/PROD -uc 10 -c ../configs/SOE_Server_Side_V2.xml
Lab 8.12: Teste de Carga
218
● A partr de quaiquer Node, cootroia todosa● Deve ser utiizado com o usuário oracie ou com o owoer do GRID_HOMEa● Deve ser utiizado o srvcti do GRID_HOMEa● Comaodo prefereociai para ioiciar e parar recursos do RACa● Admioistra Database, Iostaoces, AӹM, Listeoers e ӹervicesa● Um recurso pode ser ioiciado, parado, labiiitado, ou desabiiitadoa
218
srvctl
219
Estudaodo o leip do srvcti, execute a sequêocia de operações abaixo:$ srvctl -h$ srvctl stop -h$ srvctl stop listener -h
● Verifque as coofgurações do Listeoera● Verifque as coofgurações do ӹCANa● Verifque as coofgurações do Baoco de Dadosa
● Verifque o estado dos iisteoers, pare o Listeoer de apeoas um Node, e verifque oovameotea● Verifcar o estado das Iostaoces, pare a Iostaoce de apeoas um Node, e verifque oovameotea● Ioicie oovameote o Listeoer que está paradoa● Ioicie oovameote a Iostaoce que está paradaa● Pare o Database, e o ioicie oovameotea● Pare uma Iotaoce com a opçoo ABORTa● Ioicie uma Iostaoce com a opçoo MOUNTa● Deixa uma iostâocia desabiiitada, coofra, e labiiite oovameotea
● Mate uma Iostaoce (kiii oo pmoo) de um dos Nodesa
219
Lab 9.1: srvctl
220
Coloque o banco em modo ARCHIVELOG e execute um backup.
$ srvctl stop database -db ORCL$ srvctl start instance -db ORCL -instance ORCL1 -stopoption mountSQL> ALTER DATABASE ARCHIVELOG;SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET db_recovery_file_dest_size=10G;SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET db_recovery_file_dest='+FRA';SQL> ALTER DATABASE OPEN;$ srvctl start instance -db ORCL -instance ORCL2
RMAN> CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK PARALLELISM 1 BACKUP TYPE to compressed BACKUPSET;CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP FORMAT FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO '+FRA';RMAN> BACKUP DATABASE;
220
Lab 9.2: srvctl
221
● A partr de quaiquer Node, cootroia todosa● Aiguos comaodos podem ser executados com usuário oracie, outros com o usuário roota● Este programa só existe oo GRID_HOMEa● Priocipai comaodo de admioistraçoo do Grida● Necessário para verifcaçoo e aiteraçoo de parâmetrosa● Necessário para Troubieslootog e Debuga
221
crsctl
222
Verifque as opções do crsctl, digitando “crsctl”, sem opções.
Verifque o status dos Daemons:# /u01/app/12.2.0.1/grid/bin/crsctl check css# /u01/app/12.2.0.1/grid/bin/crsctl check evm# /u01/app/12.2.0.1/grid/bin/crsctl check crs# /u01/app/12.2.0.1/grid/bin/crsctl check ctss# /u01/app/12.2.0.1/grid/bin/crsctl check cluster# /u01/app/12.2.0.1/grid/bin/crsctl check cluster -all# /u01/app/12.2.0.1/grid/bin/crsctl status res -t -init# /u01/app/12.2.0.1/grid/bin/crsctl status res -dependency
Verifque a versão instalada e atva.# /u01/app/12.2.0.1/grid/bin/crsctl query crs activeversion# /u01/app/12.2.0.1/grid/bin/crsctl query crs softwareversion# /u01/app/12.2.0.1/grid/bin/crsctl query crs releasepatch# /u01/app/12.2.0.1/grid/bin/crsctl query crs softwarepatch
Verifque os detalhes dos recursos do Oracle RAC.# /u01/app/12.2.0.1/grid/bin/crsctl status res ora.orcl.db# /u01/app/12.2.0.1/grid/bin/crsctl status res ora.orcl.db -t# /u01/app/12.2.0.1/grid/bin/crsctl status res ora.orcl.db -f
Lab 10.1: crsctl
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Liste os módulos do Cluster.# /u01/app/12.2.0.1/grid/bin/crsctl lsmodules crs# /u01/app/12.2.0.1/grid/bin/crsctl lsmodules css# /u01/app/12.2.0.1/grid/bin/crsctl lsmodules evm
Coloque um dos módulos informados pelo comando anterior (lsmodules), e coloque ele em modo Debug.# tail -f /u01/app/oracle/diag/crs/nerv01/crs/trace/ocssd.trc# /u01/app/12.2.0.1/grid/bin/crsctl set log css “CSSD:5”# /u01/app/12.2.0.1/grid/bin/crsctl get log css "CSSD"# /u01/app/12.2.0.1/grid/bin/crsctl set log css “CSSD:2”
Pare todo o Node.# /u01/app/12.2.0.1/grid/bin/crsctl stop cluster
Pare o outro Node.# /u01/app/12.2.0.1/grid/bin/crsctl stop cluster -n nerv02
Inicie todo o Cluster.# /u01/app/12.2.0.1/grid/bin/crsctl start cluster -all
Lab 10.2: crsctl
224
● É o ceotro do “piog” dos Nodesa● Pode ter N mirrorsa● Pode ser aiterado de quaiquer Nodea● Backups do Votog Disk soo maouaisa● Todas operações do Votog Disk devem ser executadas como roota● Deve ser feito backup após Adiçoo ou Remoçoo de Nodes (<11gR2)a● Com base oas ioformações oeie, o Ciusterware decide que Node faz parte do Ciuster (Eiectoo / Evictoo / ӹpiit Braio)a
224
Votng Disk
225
Verifque o status do VOTING DISK.# /u01/app/12.2.0.1/grid/bin/crsctl query css votedisk
Adicione um MIRROR ao VOTING DISK.# /u01/app/12.2.0.1/grid/bin/crsctl add css votedisk +FRA# /u01/app/12.2.0.1/grid/bin/crsctl query css votediskO que aconteceu?
# /u01/app/12.2.0.1/grid/bin/crsctl replace votedisk +FRA# /u01/app/12.2.0.1/grid/bin/crsctl query css votediskO que aconteceu?
# /u01/app/12.2.0.1/grid/bin/crsctl replace votedisk +OCR# /u01/app/12.2.0.1/grid/bin/crsctl query css votediskO que aconteceu?
Altere a localização do VOTING DISK.# /u01/app/12.2.0.1/grid/bin/crsctl replace votedisk +VD# /u01/app/12.2.0.1/grid/bin/crsctl query css votedisk
Lab 11.1: Votng Disk
226
Na máquina nerv09, simule uma falha nos discos dos VOTING DISKs.# dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sda? bs=512 count=1000000# dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sda? bs=512 count=1000000# dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sda? bs=512 count=1000000O que aconteceu?
Nas máquinas nerv01 e nerv02, verifque o estado do Cluster.# /u01/app/12.2.0.1/grid/bin/crsctl status res -t# /u01/app/12.2.0.1/grid/bin/crsctl check cluster -all# tail -f /u01/app/oracle/diag/crs/nerv01/crs/trace/alert.log
Nas máquinas nerv01 e nerv02, desabilite o início automátco do CRS, e reinicie.# /u01/app/12.2.0.1/grid/bin/crsctl disable crs# reboot
Na máquina nerv01, inicie o CRS em modo exclusivo, e altere o VOTING DISK.# /u01/app/12.2.0.1/grid/bin/crsctl start crs -excl -nocrs# /u01/app/12.2.0.1/grid/bin/crsctl replace votedisk +CONFIG
Nas máquinas nerv01 e nerv02, habilite o início automátco do CRS, e reinicie.# /u01/app/12.2.0.1/grid/bin/crsctl enable crs# reboot
Lab 11.2: Votng Disk
227
Na máquina nerv01, partcione novamente os discos dos VOTING DISKs.# fdisk -l | grep sd# fdisk /dev/sd?n <enter>p <enter>1 <enter><enter><enter>w <enter>...
Na máquina nerv01, crie novamente os discos dos VOTING DISKs.$ export ORACLE_HOME=$GRID_HOME$ export ORACLE_SID=+ASM1$ su# asmcmd afd_label VD01 /dev/sd?1# asmcmd afd_label VD02 /dev/sd?1# asmcmd afd_label VD03 /dev/sd?1# exit
Lab 11.3: Votng Disk
228
Na máquina nerv02, detecte novamente os discos dos VOTING DISKs.$ export ORACLE_HOME=$GRID_HOME$ export ORACLE_SID=+ASM2$ su# asmcmd afd_scan# asmcmd afd_lslbl
Na máquina nerv01, crie novamente os discos dos DISK GROUPs.SQL> CREATE DISKGROUP VD NORMAL REDUNDANCY DISK 'AFD:VD01','AFD:VD02','AFD:VD03' ATTRIBUTE 'compatible.asm'='12.2', 'compatible.rdbms'='12.2', 'au_size'='1M';
$ srvctl start diskgroup -g VD -n nerv02
Na máquina nerv01, altere a localização do VOTING DISK.# /u01/app/12.2.0.1/grid/bin/crsctl query css votedisk# /u01/app/12.2.0.1/grid/bin/crsctl replace votedisk +VD# /u01/app/12.2.0.1/grid/bin/crsctl query css votedisk
228
Lab 11.4: Votng Disk
229
● É o ceotro das ioformações do RACa● Deve estar em ӹtorage compartilado por todos Nodesa● Pode ter até 4 mirrorsa● Ferrameotas do OCR: ocrcoofg, ocrcleck, ocrdumpa● Ferrameotas do OCR devem ser utiizadas como roota● Pode ser aiterado de quaiquer Nodea● Backups do OCR soo executados automatcameotea● Backups armazeoados: 1 semaoai, 1 diário, e 1 a cada 4 lorasa● Podem ser executados backups fsicos e iógicosa
229
OCR – Oracle Cluster Registry
230
Execute o ocrdump, e analise o conteúdo do dump (OCRDUMPFILE).# /u01/app/12.2.0.1/grid/bin/ocrdump# file OCRDUMPFILE# grep orcl OCRDUMPFILE# grep 192.168 OCRDUMPFILE
Execute o ocrcheck, e verifque o resultado.# /u01/app/12.2.0.1/grid/bin/ocrcheck# ls -lh /u01/app/oracle/diag/crs/nerv01/crs/trace/ocrcheck*
Verifque o OCR pelo Cluster Verifcaton Utlity.# /u01/app/12.2.0.1/grid/bin/cluvfy comp ocr -n nerv01,nerv02O que aconteceu?
Lab 12.1: OCR
231
Na máquina nerv01, altere a localização dos OCRs.# /u01/app/12.2.0.1/grid/bin/ocrconfig -add +CONFIG# /u01/app/12.2.0.1/grid/bin/ocrcheck# /u01/app/12.2.0.1/grid/bin/ocrconfig -add +DATA# /u01/app/12.2.0.1/grid/bin/ocrcheck# /u01/app/12.2.0.1/grid/bin/ocrconfig -add +FRA# /u01/app/12.2.0.1/grid/bin/ocrcheck# /u01/app/12.2.0.1/grid/bin/ocrconfig -delete +DATA# /u01/app/12.2.0.1/grid/bin/ocrcheck# /u01/app/12.2.0.1/grid/bin/ocrconfig -delete +FRA# /u01/app/12.2.0.1/grid/bin/ocrcheck# /u01/app/12.2.0.1/grid/bin/ocrconfig -delete +CONFIGO que aconteceu?
# /u01/app/12.2.0.1/grid/bin/ocrconfig -add +OCR# /u01/app/12.2.0.1/grid/bin/ocrcheck# /u01/app/12.2.0.1/grid/bin/ocrconfig -delete +CONFIG# /u01/app/12.2.0.1/grid/bin/ocrcheck
Lab 12.2: OCR
232
Na máquina nerv01, verifque os backups fsicos existentes do OCR.# /u01/app/12.2.0.1/grid/bin/ocrconfig -showbackup# /u01/app/12.2.0.1/grid/bin/ocrconfig -manualbackup# /u01/app/12.2.0.1/grid/bin/ocrconfig -showbackup
Na máquina nerv01, altere a localização dos backups fsicos do OCR.# /u01/app/12.2.0.1/grid/bin/ocrconfig -backuploc +FRA# /u01/app/12.2.0.1/grid/bin/ocrconfig -manualbackup# /u01/app/12.2.0.1/grid/bin/ocrconfig -showbackup
Na máquina nerv01, faça um backup lógico do OCR.# /u01/app/12.2.0.1/grid/bin/ocrconfig -export /home/oracle/OCR.bkp# file /home/oracle/OCR.bkp
Lab 12.3: OCR
233
Na máquina nerv09, simule uma falha nos discos do OCR.# dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sda? bs=512 count=1000000# dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sda? bs=512 count=1000000# dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sda? bs=512 count=1000000O que aconteceu?
Nas máquinas nerv01 e nerv02, verifque o estado do Cluster.# tail -f /u01/app/oracle/diag/crs/nerv01/crs/trace/alert.log# /u01/app/12.2.0.1/grid/bin/crsctl check cluster -all# /u01/app/12.2.0.1/grid/bin/crsctl status res -t# /u01/app/12.2.0.1/grid/bin/ocrcheck# /u01/app/12.2.0.1/grid/bin/ocrconfig -manualbackup
Nas máquinas nerv01 e nerv02, desabilite o início automátco do CRS, e reinicie.# /u01/app/12.2.0.1/grid/bin/crsctl disable crs# reboot
Na máquina nerv01, inicie o CRS em modo exclusivo.# /u01/app/12.2.0.1/grid/bin/crsctl start crs -excl -nocrs
Lab 12.4: OCR
234
Na máquina nerv01, partcione novamente os discos dos VOTING DISKs.# fdisk -l | grep sd# fdisk /dev/sd?n <enter>p <enter>1 <enter><enter><enter>w <enter>...
Na máquina nerv01, crie novamente os discos dos VOTING DISKs.$ export ORACLE_HOME=$GRID_HOME$ export ORACLE_SID=+ASM1$ su# asmcmd afd_label OCR01 /dev/sd?1# asmcmd afd_label OCR02 /dev/sd?1# exit
Lab 12.5: OCR
235
Na máquina nerv02, detecte novamente os discos dos VOTING DISKs.$ export ORACLE_HOME=$GRID_HOME$ export ORACLE_SID=+ASM2$ su# asmcmd afd_scan# asmcmd afd_lslbl
Na máquina nerv01, crie novamente os discos dos DISK GROUPs.SQL> CREATE DISKGROUP OCR NORMAL REDUNDANCY DISK 'AFD:OCR01','AFD:OCR02' ATTRIBUTE 'compatible.asm'='12.2', 'compatible.rdbms'='12.2', 'au_size'='1M';
Na máquina nerv01, restaure o OCR.# /u01/app/12.2.0.1/grid/bin/ocrconfig -restore ...
Nas máquinas nerv01 e nerv02, habilite o CRS e reinicie.# /u01/app/12.2.0.1/grid/bin/crsctl enable crs# reboot
235
Lab 12.6: OCR
236
● A partr de quaiquer Node, cootroia todosa● Deve ser utiizado com o usuário roota● Ferrameota para aiteraçoo dos IPs Púbiico e Iotercoooecta
236
oifcfg
237
Execute um backup do OCR (manualbackup).
Verifque as Interfaces atuais, nos dois Nodes. Guarde o resultado.# /u01/app/12.2.0.1/grid/bin/oifcfg getif# /u01/app/12.2.0.1/grid/bin/oifcfg setif -global enp2s0/192.168.3.0:cluster_interconnect,asm# /u01/app/12.2.0.1/grid/bin/oifcfg getif$ export ORACLE_HOME=$GRID_HOME$ export ORACLE_SID=+ASM1$ srvctl config listener -asmlistener$ srvctl config asm$ srvctl add listener -asmlistener -l ASMNEWLSNR_ASM -subnet 192.168.3.0$ srvctl update listener -listener ASMNET1LSNR_ASM -asm -remove -force$ lsnrctl stop ASMNET1LSNR_ASM$ srvctl config listener -asmlistener$ srvctl config asm
Pare o Cluster nos dois Nodes.# /u01/app/12.2.0.1/grid/bin/crsctl stop cluster -all
Nas máquinas nerv01 e nerv02, alterar o IP do Interconnect.# nmtui# /etc/init.d/network restart
Nas máquinas nerv01 e nerv02, alterar /etc/hosts para os novos IPs.
Lab 13.1: oifcfg
238
Inicie o Cluster nos dois Nodes.# /u01/app/12.2.0.1/grid/bin/crsctl start cluster -all
Em apenas um Node, remova a antga Interface, após o CRS iniciar.# /u01/app/12.2.0.1/grid/bin/oifcfg getif# /u01/app/12.2.0.1/grid/bin/oifcfg delif -global enp2s0/192.168.1.0# /u01/app/12.2.0.1/grid/bin/oifcfg getif
Execute um backup do OCR (manualbackup).
Lab 13.2: oifcfg
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● Permite apiicaçoo de Patcles com baixa iodispooibiiidadea● ApiicaSse o Patcl em um Node, depois em outro Nodea● O Patcl precisa suportar o Roiiiog Upgradea● Noo pode ser utiizado com HOMEs compartiladosa● Noo pode ser utiizado para Patclsetsa● ӹempre ieia o README aotesa
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Rolling Patch
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Nas máquinas nerv01 e nerv02, atualize o Opatch.$ srvctl start cha$ srvctl enable qosmserver$ srvctl start qosmserver$ srvctl enable mgmtdb$ srvctl start mgmtdb$ srvctl enable mgmtlsnr$ srvctl start mgmtlsnr$ srvctl enable cvu$ srvctl start cvu
# rm -rf /u01/app/12.2.0.1/grid/OPatch/# mkdir /u01/app/12.2.0.1/grid/OPatch/# chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/12.2.0.1/grid/OPatch/
# rm -rf /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0.1/db_1/OPatch/# mkdir /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0.1/db_1/OPatch/# chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0.1/db_1/OPatch/
$ unzip -q p6880880_122010_Linux-x86-64.zip$ cp -rf OPatch/* /u01/app/12.2.0.1/grid/OPatch/$ cp -rf OPatch/* /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0.1/db_1/OPatch/
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Lab 14.1: Rolling Patch
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Na máquina nerv01, aplique o Patch 27100009.$ unzip -q p27100009_122010_Linux-x86-64.zip$ . oraenvORACLE_SID = [ORCL1] ? +ASM1$ su# export PATH=$PATH:$GRID_HOME/OPatch# $GRID_HOME/OPatch/opatchauto apply /home/oracle/27100009/
Na máquina nerv02, aplique o Patch 27100009.$ unzip -q p27100009_122010_Linux-x86-64.zip$ . oraenvORACLE_SID = [ORCL2] ? +ASM2$ su# export PATH=$PATH:$GRID_HOME/OPatch# $GRID_HOME/OPatch/opatchauto apply /home/oracle/27100009/
Na máquinas nerv01, execute os procedimentos de Pós Instalação.$ $ORACLE_HOME/Opatch/opatch lsinventory$ $GRID_HOME/Opatch/opatch lsinventory# /u01/app/12.2.0.1/grid/bin/crsctl query crs activeversion# /u01/app/12.2.0.1/grid/bin/crsctl query crs softwareversion# /u01/app/12.2.0.1/grid/bin/crsctl query crs releasepatch# /u01/app/12.2.0.1/grid/bin/crsctl query crs softwarepatchSQL> SELECT VERSION, PATCH_ID, BUNDLE_ID, ACTION_TIME, STATUS FROM DBA_REGISTRY_SQLPATCH;
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Lab 14.2: Rolling Patch
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● Coocorrêocia● ӹequeoces / ӹequeoces Artfciais● Data Dictooary● V$ x GV$● Reverse Key Iodexes● Job x ӹcleduier● UTL_FILE / Directories / Exteroai Tabies / Data Pump● Parttooameoto iógico da apiicaçoo
Desempenho e Funcionalidade: Single Instance x RAC
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BEGIN DBMS_SCHEDULER.CREATE_JOB_CLASS ( JOB_CLASS_NAME => 'DBA_JOB_CLASS', SERVICE => 'DBA_SERVICE');END;/
BEGIN DBMS_SCHEDULER.CREATE_JOB ( JOB_NAME => 'SYS.DBA_JOB_TEST', JOB_TYPE => 'PLSQL_BLOCK', JOB_ACTION => 'BEGIN EXEC DBMS_STATS.GATHER_DATABASE_STATS; END;', START_DATE => SYSTIMESTAMP, REPEAT_INTERVAL => 'FREQ=DAILY;', JOB_CLASS => 'SYS.DBA_JOB_CLASS', END_DATE => NULL, ENABLED => TRUE, COMMENTS => 'JOB LINKED TO THE DBA_JOB_CLASS.');
END;/
Load Balance Server - SCHEDULER
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Analise e execute o script create_sequence.sql na máquina nerv01.
Analise e execute o script insert_sequence_lenta.sql na máquina nerv01.
Analise e execute o script insert_sequence_rapida.sql na máquina nerv01.
Repita os scripts de insert algumas vezes e veja se o resultado contnua similar.
Repita os scripts de insert algumas vezes e veja se o resultado contnua similar, mas desta vez nas duas máquinas ao mesmo tempo.Qual a diferença de tempo?Quais os Wait Events que ocorreram?
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Lab 15.1: Escalabilidade
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ORCL = (DESCRIPTION= (LOAD_BALANCE=ON) →→→ Escolha Aleatória (FAILOVER=ON) →→→ Tenta acessar o 1o, depois o 2o (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=nerv01-vip)(PORT=1521)) →→→ VIP (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=nerv02-vip)(PORT=1521)) →→→ VIP (CONNECT_DATA= (SERVICE_NAME=ORCL) (FAILOVER_MODE= (TYPE=SELECT) →→→ SESSION ou SELECT (METHOD=BASIC) →→→ BASIC ou PRECONNECT (RETRIES=10) →→→ 10 tentativas de conexão (DELAY=1) →→→ 1 segundo para cada tentativa ) ) )
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Load Balance Client (<= 11gR1)
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Client tnsnames.ora:ORCL =(DESCRIPTION =(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = rac01-scan)(PORT = 1521))(CONNECT_DATA =(SERVER = DEDICATED)(SERVICE_NAME = ORCL)))
Parâmetro LOCAL_LISTENER dos Nodes:(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=192.168.15.112)(PORT=1521))
Parâmetro REMOTE_LISTENER dos Nodes:rac01-scan.localdomain:1521
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Load Balance Server
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Services GoalGOAL_NONEGOAL_ӹERVICE_TIME →→→ Bom para OLTPGOAL_THROUGHPUT →→→ Bom para Batch / OLAP / DBA
Services Connecton Load Balance GoalCLB_GOAL_ӹHORT →→→ Bom para OLTPCLB_GOAL_LONG →→→ Bom para Batch / OLAP / DBA ou OLTP Persistente
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Load Balance Server
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srvctl add servicesrvctl remove servicesrvctl modify servicesrvctl relocate servicesrvctl status servicesrvctl start servicesrvctl stop servicesrvctl enable servicesrvctl disable service
Load Balance Server
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Crie os SERVICES como abaixo.$ srvctl add service -db ORCL -pdb PROD -service OLTP -preferred ORCL1,ORCL2 -policy AUTOMATIC -failovertype SELECT -failovermethod BASIC -failoverdelay 1 -failoverretry 10 -clbgoal LONG -rlbgoal SERVICE_TIME -notification TRUE$ srvctl start service -db ORCL -service OLTP
$ srvctl add service -db ORCL -pdb PROD -service BI -preferred ORCL1 -available ORCL2 -tafpolicy PRECONNECT -policy AUTOMATIC -failovertype SELECT -failovermethod BASIC -failoverdelay 1 -failoverretry 10 -clbgoal LONG -rlbgoal THROUGHPUT -notification TRUE$ srvctl start service -db ORCL -service BI
$ srvctl add service -db ORCL -pdb PROD -service DBA -preferred ORCL2 -available ORCL1 -tafpolicy PRECONNECT -policy AUTOMATIC -failovertype SELECT -failovermethod BASIC -failoverdelay 1 -failoverretry 10 -clbgoal LONG -rlbgoal THROUGHPUT -notification TRUE$ srvctl start service -db ORCL -service DBA
$ /u01/app/12.2.0.1/grid/bin/crsctl status res -t
Como ver os Services de um banco?Como ver detalhes de um Service já confgurado?
Lab 16.1: Load Balance Server
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Altere o tnsnames.ora para utlizar os novos Services de outro RAC, e crie um usuário para testar o Failover.$ rlwrap sqlplus / AS SYSDBASQL> ALTER SESSION SET CONTAINER = PROD;SQL> CREATE USER RICARDO IDENTIFIED BY Nerv2018;SQL> ALTER USER RICARDO QUOTA UNLIMITED ON USERS;SQL> GRANT CREATE SESSION, CONNECT, RESOURCE, SELECT ANY DICTIONARY TO RICARDO;SQL> CREATE TABLE RICARDO.T AS SELECT * FROM ALL_OBJECTS;SQL> INSERT INTO RICARDO.T SELECT * FROM RICARDO.T;SQL> INSERT INTO RICARDO.T SELECT * FROM RICARDO.T;SQL> INSERT INTO RICARDO.T SELECT * FROM RICARDO.T;SQL> INSERT INTO RICARDO.T SELECT * FROM RICARDO.T;SQL> COMMIT;
Teste o Failover com SELECT e com DML.SQL> CONN RICARDO/Nerv2018@OLTPSQL> SELECT * FROM T;SQL> DELETE FROM T WHERE ROWNUM = 1;Qual a diferença de FAILOVER entre SELECT e DELETE?
Qual a diferença de FAILOVER dos Services criados e do Service ORCL?
Lab 16.2: Load Balance Server
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Sequência para adicionar Node:● Iostaiar Hardware;● Iostaiar e coofgurar ӹistema Operaciooai;● Coofgurar acesso ao ӹtorage;● Coofgurar ssl sem seola com os Nodes já existeotes;● Iostaiar Grid Iofraestruture a partr de um Node existeote;● Iostaiar Oracie a partr de um Node existeote;● Adiciooar Iostaocesa
Sequência para remover Node:● Remover Iostaoce;● Remover Oracie;● Remover Grid Iofraestruturea
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Adicionar e Remover Nodes
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Manter apenas 2 RACs atvos na sala (rac01 e rac04). No restante das máquinas, refazer os Labs 1, 2, e 3.Adicionar as máquinas nerv03 e nerv04 no rac01.Adicionar as máquinas nerv05 e nerv06 no rac04.
Remova os Services criados, a partr de um Node existente.srvctl stop service -db ORCL -service OLTPsrvctl remove service -db ORCL -service OLTPsrvctl stop service -db ORCL -service BIsrvctl remove service -db ORCL -service BIsrvctl stop service -db ORCL -service DBAsrvctl remove service -db ORCL -service DBA
Para todas as máquinas de um rac, confgurar SSH sem senha para o usuário oracle.$ cd /u01/app/12.2.0.1/grid/oui/prov/resources/scripts/$ ./sshUserSetup.sh -user oracle -hosts "nerv01 nerv02 nerv03" -advanced -exverify -confirm -noPromptPassphrase
Instalar Grid Infraestruture nas outras máquinas, a partr de um Node existente.$ cd $GRID_HOME/addnode$ ./addnode.sh -silent “CLUSTER_NEW_NODES={nerv03,nerv04}” “CLUSTER_NEW_VIRTUAL_HOSTNAMES={nerv03-vip,nerv04-vip}” “CLUSTER_NEW_NODE_ROLES={HUB,HUB}”
Nas outras máquinas, com o usuário root, execute os seguintes scripts.# /u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh# /u01/app/12.2.0.1/grid/root.sh
Lab 17.1: Adicionar Nodes
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Instalar Oracle Database nas outras máquinas, a partr de um Node existente:$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/addnode$ ./addnode.sh -silent "CLUSTER_NEW_NODES={nerv03}"
Nas outras máquinas, com o usuário root, execute o script abaixo.# /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0.1/db_1/root.sh
Na máquina nerv01, execute a adição da instância.$ $GRID_HOME/bin/srvctl add instance -d ORCL -i ORCL3 -n nerv03
Na máquina nerv01, conclua a adição do nó.SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET INSTANCE_NUMBER=3 SID='ORCL3' SCOPE=SPFILE;SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET thread=3 SID='ORCL3' SCOPE=SPFILE;SQL> ALTER DATABASE ADD LOGFILE THREAD 3;SQL> ALTER DATABASE ADD LOGFILE THREAD 3;SQL> ALTER DATABASE ENABLE PUBLIC THREAD 3;SQL> CREATE UNDO TABLESPACE UNDOTBS3;SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET UNDO_TABLESPACE=UNDOTBS3 SID='ORCL3' SCOPE=SPFILE;
$ $GRID_HOME/bin/srvctl start instance -d ORCL -i ORCL3
Lab 17.2: Adicionar Nodes
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Na máquina nerv01, verifque a confguração atual do Cluster.$ export ORACLE_HOME=$GRID_HOME$ export ORACLE_SID=+ASM1$ $GRID_HOME/bin/asmcmd showclustermode$ $GRID_HOME/bin/srvctl config asm$ $GRID_HOME/bin/srvctl status asm$ $GRID_HOME/bin/srvctl modify asm -count 2$ $GRID_HOME/bin/srvctl status asm
Simule um erro (kill -9 no pmon) em uma instância ASM, e acompanhe o Alert Log do banco de dados.
Lab 18.1: Flex ASM
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Na máquina nerv01, verifque a confguração atual do Cluster.# /u01/app/12.2.0.1/grid/bin/crsctl get cluster mode status# /u01/app/12.2.0.1/grid/bin/srvctl config gns
Na máquina nerv01, altere a confguração do Cluster.# /u01/app/12.2.0.1/grid/bin/srvctl add gns -vip 192.168.15.191# /u01/app/12.2.0.1/grid/bin/srvctl start gns
Na máquina nerv01, altere a confguração do Cluster.# /u01/app/12.2.0.1/grid/bin/crsctl get node role config -all# /u01/app/12.2.0.1/grid/bin/crsctl set node role leaf -node nerv04# /u01/app/12.2.0.1/grid/bin/crsctl get node role config -all
Lab 19.1: Flex Cluster
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S RAC de dois oós possui diversas iimitaçõesa S O ORAC é UMA das soiuções de Aita Dispooibiiidade da Oraciea S Eiimioe os POF: NICs, ӹwitcl, ӹtorage, etca S O ӹwitcl do Iotercoooect deve ser fsico e exciusivoa S Compartile com o ciieote sobre o fuociooameoto do Faiiover e Load Baiaocea S Verifque o documeoto Oracie RAC Best Practces do MOӹa S Veja se o Fabricaote de seu ӹervidor / ӹtorage possui documeotaçoo sobre Oracie RACa S Utiize AӹMa É a direçoo da Oraciea S Utiize GNӹa É a direçoo da Oraciea S Utiize /etc/losts, aiém do DNӹa S No AӹM, utiize DGs separados para DATA, FRA, OCR e VDa S Ceotraiize os backups do OCR, em outro iocaia S Utiize DATA e FRA com reduodâocia oo ӹtorage ou AӹMa S Utiize OCR e VD com reduodâocia oo ӹtorage e AӹMa S Use HOMEs iocais, para GRID_HOME e ORACLE_HOMEa S Logs (todos) devem ser ceotraiizadosa De oada vaie um iog que ooo existea S Observe também os Logs do ӹistema Operaciooaia S Utiize Jumbo Frames oo Iotercoooecta S Utiize Huge Pages, e ooo utiize AMMa S O RAC toroa apiicações boas em ótmas, e ruios em péssimasa S Esqueça ӹIDsa Apreoda ӹervicesa S Partciooe sua apiicaçoo em ӹervicesa ӹem ӹervices, o RAC ooo é oadaa
Melhores Prátcas
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Lab Auxiliar 1: Confguração DNSNa máquina nerv09, instale os pacotes necessários para o DNS.# yum -y install bind bind-utils
Na máquina nerv09, deixe APENAS as seguintes linhas no arquivo /etc/named.conf.options { listen-on port 53 { 127.0.0.1; 192.168.15.201; }; directory "/var/named"; dump-file "/var/named/data/cache_dump.db"; statistics-file "/var/named/data/named_stats.txt"; // query-source address * port 53;};
zone "." in {type hint;file "/dev/null";};
zone "localdomain." IN { type master; file "localdomain.zone"; allow-update { none; };};
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Lab Auxiliar 1: Confguração DNS
Nas máquinas nerv09, deixe APENAS as seguintes linhas no arquivo /var/named/localdomain.zone.
$TTL 86400@ IN SOA localhost root.localhost ( 42 ; serial (d. adams) 3H ; refresh 15M ; retry 1W ; expiry 1D ) ; minimum IN NS localhostlocalhost IN A 127.0.0.1nerv01 IN A 192.168.15.101nerv02 IN A 192.168.15.102nerv01-vip IN A 192.168.15.111nerv02-vip IN A 192.168.15.112rac01-scan IN A 192.168.15.151rac01-scan IN A 192.168.15.152rac01-scan IN A 192.168.15.153
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Lab Auxiliar 1: Confguração DNS
Na máquina nerv09, deixe APENAS as seguintes linhas no arquivo /var/named/0.168.192.in-addr.arpa.
$ORIGIN 0.168.192.in-addr.arpa.$TTL 1H@ IN SOA nerv09.localdomain. root.nerv09.localdomain. (
2 3H 1H 1W 1H )0.168.192.in-addr.arpa. IN NS nerv09.localdomain.
101 IN PTR nerv01.localdomain.102 IN PTR nerv02.localdomain.111 IN PTR nerv01-vip.localdomain.112 IN PTR nerv02-vip.localdomain.151 IN PTR rac01-scan.localdomain.152 IN PTR rac01-scan.localdomain.153 IN PTR rac01-scan.localdomain.
263263
Lab Auxiliar 1: Confguração DNS
Na máquina nerv09, inicie o DNS Server, e o habilite para o início automátco.# service named start# chkconfig named on
Na máquina nerv09, pare o frewall, e o desabilite para o início automátco.# service iptables stop# service ip6tables stop# chkconfig iptables off# chkconfig ip6tables off
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Lab Auxiliar 2: Confguração StorageNa máquinas nerv09, crie 1 partção de 50GB (CONFIG), e 1 de 20GB (DATA), 1 de 10GB (FRA), 3 de 1GB (VD), e 2 de 2GB (OCR).
Na máquina nerv09, confgure o iSCSI server.# yum -y install scsi-target-utils# cat /etc/tgt/targets.conf<target iqn.2010-10.com.nervinformatica:storage.asm01-01> backing-store /dev/sda5 initiator-address 192.168.15.101 initiator-address 192.168.15.102</target><target iqn.2010-10.com.nervinformatica:storage.asm01-02> backing-store /dev/sda6 initiator-address 192.168.15.101 initiator-address 192.168.15.102</target>...
# service tgtd start# chkconfig tgtd on
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