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Organization of Man
1. FAMILY units
2. Families band together to form TRIBES
3. Tribes cease being NOMATIC
4. CIVILIZATIONS begin to form
Characteristics of a Civilization
1. Written Language
2. Organized Government
3. Complex Religion
4. Development of Trade/Economy
5. Development of Specialized Skills and Occupations.
Two Major Early European Civilizations
• Greece6000 BCE-30 BCE
• Rome»450 BC – 550 AD
– Byzantine Empire (Eastern Roman Empire) 550 ACE-1500ACE
city-states
Acropolis
Nike and Athena
GOLDEN AGE260 BCE-432 BCE
• Arts Flourish• “Relative” Peace• Surplus Food• Science• Thinking-Philosophy
500 BC
400 BC
300 BC
200 BC
100 BC
1
BC
1
AD
Architecture and Drama
Masks of Comedy and Tragedy
The Iliad
Recorded History and Poetry
Recorded history and literature
Elements present which can account for the Downfall of Civilizations
1. Wars—Civil and Attacks from the outside—Peloponnesian Wars-Sparta vs. Athens. Sparta wins 1, Athens wins 2
2. Diseases—Athenian Plague3. Greed4. Corruption5. Moral Decay—Socrates, teacher, forced to
poison himself. Charged with corrupting the youth of Athens
Macedonian that spread Greek culture
Beginnings of Rome-700-800 BCE-Rome was shepherds on hills
Characteristics of a Civilization
1. Written Language
2. Organized Government
3. Complex Religion
4. Development of Trade/Economy
5. Development of Specialized Skills and Occupations.
Aqueduct—Roman infrastructure-engineering/science
Created the arch with keystone that is used today
COLOSSEUM-
Circus MaximusNotice the columns and arches.
Roman Roads
Still around today-Appian way
Gladiators and Chariot Races
Monotheism
• Judaism• 2000 BCE on Mt.
Sinai the tallest mountain on the Sinai Peninsula 2, 285m.
• Covenant between God and Israelites through AbrahamMt.
Sinai
Monotheism
• Christianity• 1 – 36 ACE in
Bethlehem. Part of the Roman Empire.
• Birth of Jesus who is the Messiah which translates as “anticipated King”
Monotheism
• Islam• 570-615 ACE Mecca
and Medina, Saudi Arabia
• Ascended to heaven in Jerusalem
• Muhammad is the founder and last prophet of God.
300 BCE
200 BCE
100 BCE
Pax
Romana
27 BCE-
180 ACE
100 ACE
200 ACE
Golden Age of Rome—Peace of Rome
Size at the height of the Roman Empire
Elements present which can account for the Downfall of Civilizations
1. Wars—Civil and Attacks from the outside—Barbarian tribes-Vandals, Goths, Visagoths
2. Diseases—3. Greed—heavy taxes to support the
“Party”4. Corruption—every one wanted to be in
Rome to “Party”5. Moral Decay-weak selfish rulers, Rome
began as a democracy, but ended as a dictatorship.
Split of the Roman Empire
Pink-Byzantine Empire
Green-Beginnings of the Holy Roman Empire-It’s different from the Roman Empire
• Chaos and anarchy-disorganization and lack of stable government.
• Feudalism-established to give protection to individuals in exchange for loyalty
• Feudalism gave way to Monarchy
• Roman Catholic Church, Pope, was a political power as well as spiritual leader
• Problems with Persian Empire and then the Ottoman Turks
• Learning-art, science- continued
• Eastern Orthodox Christians began when Christianity split shortly after the Roman Empire Split
• After 700 years they fell.
West---Middle Ages 500-1300 East---Byzantine Empire-500-1200
AGE OF EXPLORATION BEGINS IN THE 1300’S
RENAISSANCE BEGINS
• RENAISSANCE—REBIRTH
• REBIRTH OF WHAT?• THINKING• EXPERIMENTATION• MOVEMENT IN
STATUS• HUMANISM• SCIENCE
End of:
1. POWER OF THE ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH
2. IGNORANCE
3. STATIC SOCIETY
4. CLOTHES ON STATUES =)
Quote To Think About and Apply
“ABSOLUTE POWER CORRUPTS ABSOLUTELY”
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