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POWERPower is the capacity of a person, team, or organization to influence others.
◦ The potential to influence others
◦ People have power they don’t use and may not know they possess
◦ Power requires one person’s perception of dependence on another person
Contingencies of Power
ContingenciesOf Power
Powerover others
SourcesOf Power
Substitutability
Centrality
Discretion
Visibility
Organizational Politics Attempts to influence others using discretionary behaviors to promote personal objectives
Discretionary behaviors -- neither explicitly prescribed nor prohibited
Politics may be good or bad for the organization
Conditions for Organizational Politics
Personal Characteristics Tolerance of Politics Complex and Ambiguous Decisions Scarce Resources
Politics Tactics Attacking or blaming others
Creating a favorable image
Developing a base of support
Inspirational appeal
Consultation
Exchange
pressure
INDIVIDUAL FACTORS
High self monitors
Internal locus of control
Organization investment
Perceived job alternative
Expectation of success
ORGANIZATIONAL FACTOR Reallocation of resources
Promotion opportunities
Low trust
Role ability
Unclear performance
Evaluation system
High performance pressure
Self serving senior manager
Controlling Political Behavior Provide Sufficient Resources
Introduce Clear Rules
Free Flowing Information
Manage Change Effectively
Peer Pressure Against Politics
Increase Opportunities for Dialogue
Hire Low-Politics Employees
Remove Political Norms
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