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Overview of Philippine
Geohazards Programs
Renato U. Solidum, Jr.
Department of Science and Technology
Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology
53rd CCOP Annual Session
CCOP-IUGS Task Group on Geohazards Joint Seminar
Cebu City, PHILIPPINES
October 18, 2017
THE PHILIPPINES: A COUNTRY PRONE
TO MANY NATURAL HAZARDS
Earthquake Tsunami Volcanic eruption
Typhoon Storm surge Flood Landslide
2
Hydro-Meteorological Hazards
Typhoon Yolanda, 2013
(Y It Happened)
• An average of 20
tropical cyclones
affects the country
annually
• These are
accompanied by
heavy rains and
strong winds that may
produce floods,
landslides and
storm surges
• Other weather
systems bring rains
Tropical Cyclone Ondoy, 2009:
Flood in Metro Manila and Nearby Provinces
Source: Associated Press
• Heavy rain and strong
winds
• PhP 11 billion damage to
infrastructure and
agriculture
• Affected 4.9 million
people
• 464 killed, 529 injured, 37
missing
• 15,800 families or 70,000
people sheltered in
evacuation area
* NDCC
3
Severe Wind and Storm Surge in Eastern Visayas
Due to Tropical Cyclone Yolanda, 2013
• 6183 died
• 36.7 billion pesos total
damage
NDRRMC
2006 Guinsaugon, St. Bernard Landslide
• deep, slide surface 80 meters below
•21 million cubic meters
• ~ 1000 dead
• 281 houses totally damaged; whole village covered
Guinsaugon was fronting a steep slope,
which is heavily fractured and covered by
an old landslide deposit
4
Geological Hazards
The country hosts ~300
volcanoes, of which, 24
are considered active
More than 90 destructive
earthquakes, 40 tsunamis
since 1600s
SEISMICITY OF THE PHILIPPINES
1976 M7.9 Moro Gulf Earthquake and Tsunami
• First tsunami wave reported within 2 to 5 minutes of the main shock
• Tsunami height up to 9 meters
• Death ~6000
• Injury ~8000
• Rendered homeless ~90,000
• Damage PhP400 million (1976 value)
Village inundated by tsunami
5
M7.8 July 16, 1990 Luzon Earthquake• Affected north and central
Luzon
• Casualties: Dead – 1,283Injured – 2,786Missing – 321
• Houses and Buildings Damaged:
Total – 25,305Partial – 77,249
• Estimated total damage: PhP 12.225 B
* NDCC
1991 Pinatubo Eruption
SACOBIA PYROCLASTIC FLOW FAN, 1991
• 10.1 Billion pesos
(~$ 230 Million)
worth of property,
infrastructure,
agricultural crops
and forest land
destroyed
• More than a
million people
affected; 20,000
Aetas displaced
• ~ 300 fatalities
from eruption
6
Goals of Disaster Risk Reduction
and Management
• Reduce losses
• Ensure effective and efficient disaster
response
• Fast recovery, build better
• Know Hazards and Risks
<- Hazard and Risk Assessment
• Monitor
<- Monitoring
• Warn and Disseminate Information
<- Communication
• Respond Appropriately and Timely
<- Preparedness, Mitigation, Response, Recovery
Key Actions for DRRM
7
HAZARDS AND RISK
ASSESSMENT
ORGANIZATIONS INVOLVED IN NATURAL
HAZARDS AND RISK ASSESSMENT
Department of Science and Technology (DOST)
PHIVOLCS– earthquake, tsunami and volcano-related hazards and scenarios
PAGASA– flood and storm surge hazard; climate change scenarios
Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR)
MGB – flood and landslide
NAMRIA – aerial photography and remote sensing, topographic base mapping, geoportal development
Academe
*DOST funded projects: DREAM-LiDAR (LiDAR topography,
flood hazards; NOAH (rain-triggered landslide, storm surge)
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Geohazards Programs of MGB-DENR
• Major focus on rain-related hazards (Landslides
and Flood mapped at 1:50,000 to 1:10,000 scale),
sinkhole and coastal geohazards
PHIVOLCS VOLCANIC HAZARD AND
RISK ASSESSMENT PROGRAM
Taal Volcano Base
Surge Hazard MapMayon Volcano Lahar
Hazard Map
9
PHIVOLCS EARTHQUAKE HAZARD AND
RISK ASSESSMENT PROGRAM
Earthquake hazard mapping: active faulting,
ground shaking, liquefaction, landslide and
tsunami
PHIVOLCS ACTIVE FAULTS MAPPING
AND PALEOSEISMOLOGY
CEBU FAULT SYSTEM:
CENTRAL CEBU FAULT
10
READY PROJECT (Hazard Mapping and Assessment
for Effective Community-Based Disaster Risk Management)
CSCAND Team (PHIVOLCS, PAGASA, MGB, NAMRIA, OCD)
- Multi-hazard maps (hydro-meteorological and geological of1:50,000,
1:10,000 to 1:5000) for 30 provinces
Cavite - Flood Cavite – Ground Shaking
Cavite – Liquefaction Cavite – Tsunami
DOST PROJECT NOAH(National Operational Assessment of Hazards)
- DREAM (LIDAR Mapping and Flood Assessment)
- Landslide Mapping
- Storm Surge Mapping
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RISK ASSESSMENT OF URBAN AREAS
• Conducted
earthquake risk
assessment for
Metropolitan Manila
and surrounding
four provinces
Metro Manila Earthquake
Impact Reduction Study, 2004
Greater Metro Manila READY
Project (2015)
Risk Analysis Project, 2013
• Conducted multi-
hazard risk
assessment
(earthquake, flood
and severe wind)
for Metropolitan
Manila
Building Damage & Casualty EstimatesFOR METRO MANILA FROM A WEST VALLEY FAULT EARTHQUAKE
Risk Analysis Project, 2013 – PHIVOLCS, UP-ICE, GA (AusAID)
M7.2 M6.5Total Floor Area in Complete 88,142,000 65,407,000
to Collapsed Damage (sqm)
Total Floor Area in Slight 172,924,000 162,799,000to Extensive Damage (sqm)
Total Fatalities (Death) 31,000 23,000
Total Injuries Very Serious 14,000 10,000Serious 112,000 85,171Slight 385,000 302,000
Total Economic Losses (millions of PhP) 2,269,000 1,773,000
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• Hazard assessment module- tools for assessing earthquake
hazards; preparing scenarios
- static maps of various hazards
(geological, hydro-meteorological)
can be integrated
• Exposure data base module- contains database of elements at
risk which can be updated by local
government
• Impact assessment module- can estimate damage to buildings,
casualty, economic loss
Development of Risk Assessment Tool
* Interoperable with QGIS, being shared
with local governments, national
agencies, academic partners and industry
Rapid Earthquake Damage Assessment System
With Rapid Earthquake Damage Assessment System (REDAS)
Earthquake ImpactAssessmentModule
Flood Loss Assessment Tool
Severe WindImpact ModellingModule
OTHER RISK ASSESSMENT TOOLS
13
HAZARD AND RISK INFORMATION THROUGH
WEB AND PHONE APPLICATIONS
The PHIVOLCS FaultFinder(locate the nearest active fault from a
specified location or the named barangay).
http://faultfinder.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph
The NAMRIA Philippine
Geoportal and PHIVOLCS
Geoportal (web-GIS based
portal, to view and collate multi-
hazard and risk maps)
www.geoportal.gov.ph
The DOST funded project
DREAM - LIDAR (shares LiDAR,
flood hazard and resource maps)
lipad.dream.upd.edu.ph
http://geomatics.phivolcs.dost.
gov.ph:8080/geoportal/
MONITORING AND WARNING
14
Weather and Climate Monitoring by
PAGASA
1. Public weather forecasts
2. Shipping forecast
3. Weather Bulletins
a) Weather Advisory
b) Tropical Cyclone Alert
c) Tropical Cyclone Warning
d) Tropical Cyclone Warning
for Shipping
4. Gale Warning
5. Rainfall Warning
RESPONSE/
ACTION
Integrated Multi-Parameter Volcano Monitoring
Observatory Head Office
Observa
tion
Station
w/ LOS
Repeater
Station
Observation
Station
w/o LOS
Satellite
Earthquake
GPS
Visual
IP Camera
Pinatubo
Taal MayonBulusan
Hibok-hibok
MatutumParker
Kanlaon
PHIVOLCS Volcano Monitoring Network
15
PHIVOLCS EARTHQUAKE MONITORING
NETWORK• 96-station network (seismographs)
Unmanned
stations with
satellite
communication
Data Receiving Center at Main Office
Digital Seismic Record
Network Existing
Real-time
tide
gauges
*19 (PHIVOLCS thru
JICA)
5 (PTWC, RIMES,
GLOSS)
5 (PHIVOLCS thru
Satreps)
Community
tsunami
detection &
warning
system
10
(PHIVOLCS)
• on-going completionPHIVOLCS thru JICA
PHIVOLCS Community
Tsunami Detection
TSUNAMI MONITORING AND WARNING
16
Cell Site
Community Tsunami early Warning System –
PHIVOLCS
PHIVOLCS/ASTI and LGUs
Tsunami Visualization and Decision Tool Communities
Tsu
nam
i D
ete
cti
on
Sta
tio
ns
Early Warning System for
Deep-Seated Landslide
Schematic diagram of monitoring system.
• The monitoring system at 50 sites
uses sensors that measure tilt and
soil moisture placed every one (1)
meter node of a borehole setup
17
DOST’s R&D Agenda for DRR-CCAM Priorities
1. Observation and
Monitoring Networks
2. Technology Development
and Application for
Monitoring
3. Modeling and Simulation
for Improvement of
Monitoring and
Forecasting
4. Hazards, Vulnerability and
Risk Assessment
5. Warning and Risk
Communication
6. Technology Development
and Application for
Climate Change
Adaptation and Mitigation
7. Technology Development
and Application for
Disaster Risk
Management
8. Policy Research
SUMMARY
• The Philippines Geohazards Programs
focus on:
- Hazards and Risk Assessment
- Monitoring
- Warning and Information Dissemination
- Appropriate and timely actions
• These are continuing programs to guide
whole of society’s involvement to reduce
disaster risks.
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/PHIVOLCS
@phivolcs_dost
www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph
THANK YOU.
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