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PACIFC ISLAND LANGUAGE AND
CULTURE: IMPLICATIONS
FOR ASSESSMENT AND TREATMENT
Map of the Pacific Islands
Map of the Pacific Islands
FijiFiji
Tonga
GuamGuam
Sunset in Guam
Sunset in Guam
I. GENERAL BACKGROUND INFORMATION**
• Population: 1=Hawaiians, 2=Samoans, 3=Chamorros (Guam)
• PIs have been influenced by many different cultures
• Main areas: Melanesia, Micronesia, Polynesia (specific islands in each area will NOT be on the exam)
• In the U.S., the Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander group has grown between 1990-2000.**
• Race alone: 9.3% growth
• Race alone or in combination: 139.5%
• AAPIs comprise 4% of the total U.S. population
• They are expected to reach 10% of the population by 2050.
• Mokuau, M., & Tauili’ili, P. (2011): currently 846,000 PIs live in the U.S.
• Unfortunately, some PIs such as Samoans in the U.S. experience abject poverty
II. CULTURAL CUSTOMS AND COURTESIES**
• Hospitality, generosity, and sharing are very important
• Attitudes toward life are relaxed
TongaTonga
Kayaking in GuamKayaking in Guam
Transportation in BaliTransportation in Bali
III. EDUCATION**
• Based on oral learning
• Rote memorization; children are taught to conform, not be individualistic and creative
• Things are done in groups, not individually
• Resources like books are challenging to come by
In the Fijiian village of Natawadawadi…
Statistics show:**
10.6% of the U.S. population has a graduate or professional degree
Only 4.3% of Pacific Islanders have this type of degree
IV. PACIFIC ISLAND FAMILY LIFE**
• Extended families are common
• Child care is provided by multiple caretakers
• Heavy emphasis on authority and respect
• Emphasis on well-being of family, not individual rights
For example, in Samoa:
Mokuau, M., & Tauili’ili, P. (2011):
V. HEALTH CARE AND DISABILITIES
ASHA Leader articles:
• Major risk factors: hypertension, high cholesterol
• Almost 30% of APIs have high cholesterol
VI. COMMUNICATION STYLES
Research of Schieffelin Ochs compared American and Samoan mothers
VII. LANGUAGE CONSIDERATIONS**
• Over 1200 indigenous languages are spoken in the Islands
• Language is influenced by culture
• The specifics about Hawaiian, Tahitian, Fijian, Chamorro, and Samoan languages on pp. are not on the exam **
• Please do know the general PI language considerations on page ; stop where you see “Hawaiian language”
Youtube example:
• Hawaiian Pidgin English (part 2)
VIII. IMPLICATIONS FOR SLPS**
• We must fully explain paperwork requiring signatures
• Be careful about requesting parents to come to school
• Use a collective rather than individual storytelling method
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